Marshall v. State

48 Fla. Supp. 2d 1
CourtCircuit Court for the Judicial Circuits of Florida
DecidedMarch 4, 1991
DocketCase No. 89-4754
StatusPublished

This text of 48 Fla. Supp. 2d 1 (Marshall v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Circuit Court for the Judicial Circuits of Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Marshall v. State, 48 Fla. Supp. 2d 1 (Fla. Super. Ct. 1991).

Opinion

OPINION OF THE COURT

L. RALPH SMITH, JR., Circuit Judge.

THIS CAUSE is before the court for review of a post-judgment order of the County Court of Leon County, Florida, denying Defendant’s motion for appointment of appellate counsel, entered March 7, 1990, pursuant to Rule 9.600(a), Fla.R.App.P.

Paul Duncan Marshall was tried nonjury for the offense of Simple Battery and found guilty of that offense. At sentencing the County [2]*2Court withheld adjudication of guilt and placed the defendant on nonreporting probation for a period of six months. At trial, counsel was not appointed to represent the defendant, notwithstanding his possible indigency, because an Order of No Imprisonment was entered by the court prior to trial. Having not appointed counsel for Mr. Marshall at trial, under these circumstances, the Court limited its sentencing options when he was thereafter found guilty. The Court was precluded from sentencing defendant to any term of imprisonment upon the finding of guilt, and the court is further precluded from imposing a term of incarceration if he violates the probation ordered in this case. Argersinger v Hamlin, 407 U.S. 25, 92 S.Ct. 2006, 32 L.Ed 2d 530 (1972); Scott v Illinois, 440 U.S. 367, 99 S.Ct. 1158, 59 L.Ed. 2d 383 (1979); and Miller v State, 25 Fla. Supp. 2d 113 (2d Cir. Ct. 1987).

Subsequent to the imposition of sentence below the defendant moved for the appointment of counsel to represent him on appeal from the final judgment. The lower court found him to be indigent, ordered that a transcript of the lower court proceedings be afforded him at public expense, but declined to appoint appellate counsel at public expense. The lower court did, however, appoint the Public Defender for the sole purpose of seeking appellate review of its order denying defendant’s motion for appointment of counsel at public expense to appeal the final judgment. The sole issue presented to this court for review relates to the propriety of not affording appellate counsel at public expense to an indigent on his appeal from a final judgment which did not result in the imposition of any jail sentence and could not have resulted in such restriction on his liberty by virtue of a prior order of no imprisonment.

Appellant readily concedes that no statute requires the appointment of the Public Defender for appellate purposes. He further concedes that no statute requires the appointment of private counsel at public expense for appellate purposes. Appellant contends that he is constitutionally entitled to appellate counsel under the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and under the Florida Constitution. Appellant cites numerous authorities in support of the general premise that an indigent is entitled to the same rights and privileges as a non-indigent but he does not cite any authority which holds that appellate counsel should be provided to him at public expense under the facts of this case. Independent research by this Court has revealed none.

Appellant cites Taylor v Carlisle, 566 So.2d 576 (Fla. 4th DCA 1990), for the proposition that counsel must be provided to indigent persons in all appeals. This broad assertion was made in the context so as to include an appeal from a misdemeanor conviction such as the [3]*3instant case. Taylor v Carlisle did involve a defendant who was convicted of a misdemeanor and who was not incarcerated by the sentencing court. The district court in that case held that appellate counsel must be provided that defendant for representation in his appeal on the merits. There is a great distinction, however, between Taylor v Carlisle and the instant case. In Taylor v Carlisle, the defendant was, in fact, represented by the Public Defender at his trial. He was represented because there had been no prior Order of No Imprisonment entered in that case. He was entitled to representation by the Public Defender at trial and is likewise entitled to representation on appeal. If his appeal is affirmed and he violates the probation that is imposed, he may be incarcerated as a result of the violation of probation. Such is not the case involving Mr. Marshall.

Appellant cites numerous federal authorities as apparent support for his contention that he is constitutionally entitled to appellate counsel at public expense under the facts of this case, even though he was not constitutionally entitled to trial counsel. He cites authorities, contending that they clearly support his argument that the entitlement to trial counsel has no bearing whatsoever upon entitlement to appellate counsel. An examination of those authorities, however, clearly shows that there has never been any United States Supreme Court decision or other federal appellate decisions which hold that a defendant under the circumstances of his case, is constitutionally entitled to appellate counsel at public expense.

There can be no doubt that the effective assistance of competent counsel at both the trial and appellate level in all judicial proceedings would be advantageous to any person charged with a crime. This would also be of great assistance to the Court. But the desirability of having counsel is no greater on appeal than it is at the trial level. The United States Supreme Court clearly enunciated this obvious conclusion in Evitts v Lucey, 469 U.S. 387, 105 S.Ct. 830, 83 L.Ed 2d 821 (1985), when it stated:

To prosecute the appeal, a criminal appellant must face an adversary proceeding that — like a trial — is governed by intricate rules that to a layperson would be hopelessly forbidding. An unrepresented appellant — like an unrepresented defendant at trial — is unable to protect the vital interests at stake. Clearly, there is no greater need for counsel at the appellate level than at the trial level. When the defendant is not constitutionally entitled to a lawyer at trial, because the “vital interests at stake” are not so great, then he is not entitled to one on appeal. The vital interests remain the same.

Appellant strongly argues that because there are some adverse [4]*4consequences which appellant may suffer if the lower court’s judgment is affirmed on appeal and there is some inherent stigma which attaches to him by the finding of guilt of this simple battery, that this is a sufficient “vital interest at stake” so as to constitutionally mandate appointment of counsel on appeal. This argument was presented and rejected when the United States Supreme Court drew the line in Argersinger v Hamlin, supra, and Scott v Illinois, supra, establishing what interests must be at stake before the services of a trial lawyer are required at public expense. This same argument would appear, at first blush to have been more persuasive in the “free transcript cases” which are the underpinnings of Mr. Marshall’s argument for his constitutional entitlement to free appellate counsel. It would seem to logically follow that if one is constitutionally entitled to a free transcript that he should also be entitled to a free lawyer to properly utilize the transcript. But, the pertinent cases cited by Mr. Marshall do not even hold that he is entitled to a free transcript under the facts of this case.

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Related

Williams v. Oklahoma City
395 U.S. 458 (Supreme Court, 1969)
Mayer v. City of Chicago
404 U.S. 189 (Supreme Court, 1971)
Argersinger v. Hamlin
407 U.S. 25 (Supreme Court, 1972)
Scott v. Illinois
440 U.S. 367 (Supreme Court, 1979)
Evitts v. Lucey
469 U.S. 387 (Supreme Court, 1985)
In Interest of DB
385 So. 2d 83 (Supreme Court of Florida, 1980)
Miller v. State
25 Fla. Supp. 2d 113 (Florida Circuit Courts, 1987)
Taylor v. Carlisle
566 So. 2d 576 (District Court of Appeal of Florida, 1990)

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Bluebook (online)
48 Fla. Supp. 2d 1, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/marshall-v-state-flacirct-1991.