[Cite as Marinella v. Marinella, 2013-Ohio-2932.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT MONTGOMERY COUNTY
REBECCA J. MARINELLA
Plaintiff-Appellant
v.
MARK A. MARINELLA
Defendant-Appellee
Appellate Case No. 25449
Trial Court Case No. 2011-DR-197
(Civil Appeal from Common Pleas (Court, Domestic Relations) ...........
OPINION
Rendered on the 3rd day of July, 2013.
...........
DALMA C. GRANDJEAN, Atty. Reg. #0024841, One South Main Street, Suite 1590, Dayton, Ohio 45402 and DAVID M. McNAMEE, Atty. Reg. #0068582, 42 Woodcroft Trail, Suite D, Beavercreek, Ohio 45430 Attorneys for Plaintiff-Appellant
KEITH R. KEARNEY, Atty. Reg. #0003191, Rogers & Greenberg, LLP, 2160 Kettering Tower, Dayton, Ohio 45423 Attorney for Defendant-Appellee
............. 2
HALL, J.
{¶ 1} The domestic relations court ordered that Father’s parenting time with the
parties’ two minor children be unsupervised, but Mother thinks that it should be supervised. No
evidence was presented, other than Mother’s own testimony, that supervision is necessary. Both
the psychologist who evaluated Father and the children’s court-appointed guardian ad litem
recommended that parenting time be unsupervised. We affirm.
I.
{¶ 2} Rebecca Marinella (Mother) and Mark Marinella (Father) married in 1993 and
later had two children, both girls, one born in 2000, the other in 2003. The parties separated in
2008, and in 2011, Mother filed for divorce. At the final hearing the only contested issue was
whether Father’s parenting time should be supervised. Mother and Father each testified, and two
written reports that had been submitted to the court were admitted into evidence. One report is
from a psychologist who evaluated Father (Court Exhibit II), and the other report is from the
children’s guardian ad litem (GAL) (Court Exhibit I).
{¶ 3} The evaluating psychologist is John Matthew Fabian, Psy.D., J.D., ABPP, a
board-certified forensic and clinical psychologist and fellowship-trained clinical
neuropsychologist. It was Mother who first contacted him and asked him to evaluate Father. Dr.
Fabian conducted a psychological and psychiatric evaluation, a parental-fitness evaluation, and a
risk assessment of Father. He diagnosed Father with some psychological disorders and
recommended that Father participate weekly in long-term individual therapy with a therapist who
has knowledge, training, and expertise in those disorders. Dr. Fabian determined that Father’s
disorders are not connected to his or any other children. And it is Dr. Fabian’s opinion that Father 3
“does not pose a significant threat to his daughters.” (Court Exhibit II, 25). Dr. Fabian
recommended that Father’s parenting time be unsupervised.
{¶ 4} The GAL endorses Dr. Fabian’s recommendation that Father participate in
weekly therapy sessions with a therapist trained to handle his disorders. The GAL recognized that
the children’s safety is of “paramount concern.” (Court Exhibit I, 5). He stated in his report that
he “d[id] not believe father would intentionally harm the children.” (Id.). The GAL too
{¶ 5} In September 2012, the trial court entered its parenting-time decision and orders.
The court found that Father was receiving psychotherapy from a psychiatrist and had been in
psychotherapy since February 2009. The court also found that Father participates in an
“accountability group” and in emotional counseling sessions. The court further found that when
the parties separated in 2008, Father’s visits with the children were unsupervised,1 though around
18 months before the final hearing, at Mother’s insistence, his visits moved to a public place and
were supervised by a retired FBI agent. The court found that no incidents of concern between
Father and the children had ever been reported. The court ordered that Father have parenting time
during the week and on certain weekend days–all unsupervised. The court also ordered that
Father continue psychotherapy and follow the psychiatrist’s recommendations.
{¶ 6} In October 2012, the trial court entered its final judgment and decree of divorce,
in which the court reiterated its parenting-time and related orders.
{¶ 7} Mother appealed.
1 The court actually says that Father’s time with the children then was “unrestricted.” Mother says that this is incorrect because his time was restricted in several ways. Based on the evidence, Mother is correct. But it is also clear from the evidence (and Mother does not dispute) that Father’s time was unsupervised. That is the important point. 4
II.
{¶ 8} The sole assignment of error alleges that the trial court erred by ordering that
parenting time be unsupervised. Mother says that credibility of the evidence is not at issue in this
case and that the parties do not disagree about the material facts. Rather, she says, the issue here
is whether a parent should have unsupervised time with his children when the parent has
disorders like those that Father has and when the parent is not undergoing the intensive,
long-term, specialized treatment recommended by a psychologist and the children’s GAL.
{¶ 9} In essence, Mother believes that the trial court’s parenting-time order fails to
adequately protect the children. Given Father’s disorders, Mother is worried about the children
being with him unsupervised. She wants Father to undergo intensive therapy with someone who
specializes in the kinds of disorders he has, like Dr. Fabian and the GAL recommended. Mother
indicates that if Father does this and if the therapist says that he is not a threat to his children,
then she would not object to unsupervised visits.
{¶ 10} The statute governing parenting time provides that, in a divorce like this one, the
court must “make a just and reasonable order or decree permitting each parent who is not the
residential parent to have parenting time with the child at the time and under the conditions that
the court directs * * *.” R.C. 3109.051(A). Mother makes two primary arguments against
unsupervised parenting time. First, she argues that allowing unsupervised parenting time is
against the manifest weight of the evidence, that the undisputed weight of the evidence
establishes Father’s disorders and that those disorders put the children at risk because of the
fragility of his recovery, his failure to participate in intensive counseling with a specialist in
dealing with the disorders, and the inability to reliably predict Father’s future behavior. And 5
second, Mother argues that it is not “just and reasonable” to allow Father’s parenting time to be
unsupervised because of his disorders; his anger, hostility, and intimacy issues; and his refusal to
acknowledge the severity of his mental health issues and his need for intensive treatment. The
focus here is on the trial court’s decision not to order that Father’s parenting time be supervised.
{¶ 11} The statute governing parenting time enumerates fifteen factors plus “[a]ny other
factor in the best interest of the child,” R.C. 3109.051(D)(16), that a court must consider “in
determining * * * parenting time matters under this section,” R.C. 3109.051(D). Mother says that
the trial court failed to consider all of the statutory factors but rather made its decision based
almost exclusively on the psychologist’s and the GAL’s recommendations. Arguments related to
these factors concern the weight of the evidence.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
[Cite as Marinella v. Marinella, 2013-Ohio-2932.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT MONTGOMERY COUNTY
REBECCA J. MARINELLA
Plaintiff-Appellant
v.
MARK A. MARINELLA
Defendant-Appellee
Appellate Case No. 25449
Trial Court Case No. 2011-DR-197
(Civil Appeal from Common Pleas (Court, Domestic Relations) ...........
OPINION
Rendered on the 3rd day of July, 2013.
...........
DALMA C. GRANDJEAN, Atty. Reg. #0024841, One South Main Street, Suite 1590, Dayton, Ohio 45402 and DAVID M. McNAMEE, Atty. Reg. #0068582, 42 Woodcroft Trail, Suite D, Beavercreek, Ohio 45430 Attorneys for Plaintiff-Appellant
KEITH R. KEARNEY, Atty. Reg. #0003191, Rogers & Greenberg, LLP, 2160 Kettering Tower, Dayton, Ohio 45423 Attorney for Defendant-Appellee
............. 2
HALL, J.
{¶ 1} The domestic relations court ordered that Father’s parenting time with the
parties’ two minor children be unsupervised, but Mother thinks that it should be supervised. No
evidence was presented, other than Mother’s own testimony, that supervision is necessary. Both
the psychologist who evaluated Father and the children’s court-appointed guardian ad litem
recommended that parenting time be unsupervised. We affirm.
I.
{¶ 2} Rebecca Marinella (Mother) and Mark Marinella (Father) married in 1993 and
later had two children, both girls, one born in 2000, the other in 2003. The parties separated in
2008, and in 2011, Mother filed for divorce. At the final hearing the only contested issue was
whether Father’s parenting time should be supervised. Mother and Father each testified, and two
written reports that had been submitted to the court were admitted into evidence. One report is
from a psychologist who evaluated Father (Court Exhibit II), and the other report is from the
children’s guardian ad litem (GAL) (Court Exhibit I).
{¶ 3} The evaluating psychologist is John Matthew Fabian, Psy.D., J.D., ABPP, a
board-certified forensic and clinical psychologist and fellowship-trained clinical
neuropsychologist. It was Mother who first contacted him and asked him to evaluate Father. Dr.
Fabian conducted a psychological and psychiatric evaluation, a parental-fitness evaluation, and a
risk assessment of Father. He diagnosed Father with some psychological disorders and
recommended that Father participate weekly in long-term individual therapy with a therapist who
has knowledge, training, and expertise in those disorders. Dr. Fabian determined that Father’s
disorders are not connected to his or any other children. And it is Dr. Fabian’s opinion that Father 3
“does not pose a significant threat to his daughters.” (Court Exhibit II, 25). Dr. Fabian
recommended that Father’s parenting time be unsupervised.
{¶ 4} The GAL endorses Dr. Fabian’s recommendation that Father participate in
weekly therapy sessions with a therapist trained to handle his disorders. The GAL recognized that
the children’s safety is of “paramount concern.” (Court Exhibit I, 5). He stated in his report that
he “d[id] not believe father would intentionally harm the children.” (Id.). The GAL too
{¶ 5} In September 2012, the trial court entered its parenting-time decision and orders.
The court found that Father was receiving psychotherapy from a psychiatrist and had been in
psychotherapy since February 2009. The court also found that Father participates in an
“accountability group” and in emotional counseling sessions. The court further found that when
the parties separated in 2008, Father’s visits with the children were unsupervised,1 though around
18 months before the final hearing, at Mother’s insistence, his visits moved to a public place and
were supervised by a retired FBI agent. The court found that no incidents of concern between
Father and the children had ever been reported. The court ordered that Father have parenting time
during the week and on certain weekend days–all unsupervised. The court also ordered that
Father continue psychotherapy and follow the psychiatrist’s recommendations.
{¶ 6} In October 2012, the trial court entered its final judgment and decree of divorce,
in which the court reiterated its parenting-time and related orders.
{¶ 7} Mother appealed.
1 The court actually says that Father’s time with the children then was “unrestricted.” Mother says that this is incorrect because his time was restricted in several ways. Based on the evidence, Mother is correct. But it is also clear from the evidence (and Mother does not dispute) that Father’s time was unsupervised. That is the important point. 4
II.
{¶ 8} The sole assignment of error alleges that the trial court erred by ordering that
parenting time be unsupervised. Mother says that credibility of the evidence is not at issue in this
case and that the parties do not disagree about the material facts. Rather, she says, the issue here
is whether a parent should have unsupervised time with his children when the parent has
disorders like those that Father has and when the parent is not undergoing the intensive,
long-term, specialized treatment recommended by a psychologist and the children’s GAL.
{¶ 9} In essence, Mother believes that the trial court’s parenting-time order fails to
adequately protect the children. Given Father’s disorders, Mother is worried about the children
being with him unsupervised. She wants Father to undergo intensive therapy with someone who
specializes in the kinds of disorders he has, like Dr. Fabian and the GAL recommended. Mother
indicates that if Father does this and if the therapist says that he is not a threat to his children,
then she would not object to unsupervised visits.
{¶ 10} The statute governing parenting time provides that, in a divorce like this one, the
court must “make a just and reasonable order or decree permitting each parent who is not the
residential parent to have parenting time with the child at the time and under the conditions that
the court directs * * *.” R.C. 3109.051(A). Mother makes two primary arguments against
unsupervised parenting time. First, she argues that allowing unsupervised parenting time is
against the manifest weight of the evidence, that the undisputed weight of the evidence
establishes Father’s disorders and that those disorders put the children at risk because of the
fragility of his recovery, his failure to participate in intensive counseling with a specialist in
dealing with the disorders, and the inability to reliably predict Father’s future behavior. And 5
second, Mother argues that it is not “just and reasonable” to allow Father’s parenting time to be
unsupervised because of his disorders; his anger, hostility, and intimacy issues; and his refusal to
acknowledge the severity of his mental health issues and his need for intensive treatment. The
focus here is on the trial court’s decision not to order that Father’s parenting time be supervised.
{¶ 11} The statute governing parenting time enumerates fifteen factors plus “[a]ny other
factor in the best interest of the child,” R.C. 3109.051(D)(16), that a court must consider “in
determining * * * parenting time matters under this section,” R.C. 3109.051(D). Mother says that
the trial court failed to consider all of the statutory factors but rather made its decision based
almost exclusively on the psychologist’s and the GAL’s recommendations. Arguments related to
these factors concern the weight of the evidence. See Szymczak v. Tanner, 9th Dist. Medina No.
10CA0101-M, 2012-Ohio-540, ¶ 19.
{¶ 12} “In its role as fact finder, a trial court may choose to believe or disbelieve any
witness, including an expert witness.” H.R. v. L.R., 181 Ohio App.3d 837, 2009-Ohio-1665, 911
N.E.2d 321, ¶ 15 (10th Dist.). When an expert witness makes a recommendation with respect to
supervision or parenting time, “a trial court may accept or reject that opinion in the course of
assessing the weight and credibility of the evidence.” (Citation omitted.) Id. Here, the opinion of
both the psychologist who evaluated Father and the GAL is that Father does not pose a threat to
the children. The only evidence that Father is a threat to the children is Mother’s testimony. The
trial court chose to reject Mother’s opinion and accept the psychologist and GAL’s unanimous
opinion. The court’s decision on the issue of supervision is not against the weight of the
evidence.
{¶ 13} Mother says that even if Father is not a threat, it is still not “just and reasonable” 6
to allow unsupervised time. She contends that unsupervised time is not in the children’s best
interest. It is within a trial court’s discretion to determine matters of parenting time. In re A.J.B.,
2d Dist. Miami No. 11CA006, 2011-Ohio-6176, ¶ 20, citing Appleby v. Appleby, 24 Ohio St.3d
39, 41, 492 N.E.2d 831 (1986). A reviewing court will not disturb that determination unless there
is an abuse of discretion, that is, unless the decision is “unreasonable, arbitrary or
unconscionable,” Id. “‘[M]ost instances of abuse of discretion will result in decisions that are
simply unreasonable * * *.’” Id., quoting AAAA Enterprises, Inc v. River Place Community
Redevelopment, 50 Ohio St.3d 157, 161, 553 N.E.2d 597(1990). “A decision is unreasonable if
there is no sound reasoning process that would support that decision.” AAAA Enterprisesat 161.
A reviewing court may not simply substitute its judgment for that of the trial court. Berk v.
Mathews, 53 Ohio St.3d 161, 169, 559 N.E.2d 1301 (1990).
{¶ 14} In determining parenting-time matters, the focus must be on the child’s best
interest. See R.C. 3109.051(A), (C), (D)(16) (referring to the child’s best interest). Mother says
that, in deciding to allow unsupervised parenting time, the trial court did not consider all of the
statutory factors but rather based its decision almost exclusively on the psychologist’s and the
GAL’s recommendations. But in this case, on the narrow issue of whether Father’s parenting
time should be supervised, the key factor is factor seven, “[t]he health and safety of the child,”
R.C. 3109.051(D)(7). The opinions of both the psychologist and the GAL are that being with
Father unsupervised is not a threat to the children’s safety, and that parenting time should be
unsupervised. Based on the evidence, the trial court’s decision to allow unsupervised parenting
time is not unreasonable. Therefore, regardless whether we might have decided differently, we
cannot say that the trial court abused its discretion. 7
{¶ 15} The sole assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 16} The judgment of the domestic relations court is affirmed.
.............
FAIN, P.J. and FROELICH, J., concur.
Copies mailed to:
Dalma C. Grandjean David M. McNamee Keith R. Kearney Hon. Denise L. Cross