TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-04-00802-CR
Margaret Rose Haule, Appellant
v.
The State of Texas, Appellee
FROM THE COUNTY COURT AT LAW NO. 1 OF CALDWELL COUNTY
NO. 31648, HONORABLE EDWARD L. JARRETT, JUDGE PRESIDING
M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N
A jury found Margaret Rose Haule guilty of the offense of harassment. See Tex. Pen.
Code Ann. § 42.07(a)(4) (West 2003). The court assessed punishment at 180 days in jail and a fine
of $500. Imposition of sentence was suspended and Haule was placed on community supervision
for a term of 24 months. Haule appeals this judgment contending that the evidence was legally and
factually insufficient to support her conviction and that she is entitled to a new trial because a portion
of the reporter's record was lost or destroyed. We affirm the conviction.
BACKGROUND
Haule worked as a receptionist and clerk at the Texas State Board of Dental
Examiners. Her direct supervisor was the Board's general counsel, but Haule also answered to
interim executive director Mei Ling Clendennen. (1) Mei Ling testified that Haule's work performance
was inadequate. Haule would transfer calls to the wrong department and would read magazines at
the front desk. On several occasions Mei Ling asked Haule to stop reading magazines and to study
the telephone manual to become more proficient at transferring calls. On June 25, 2002, Haule
created a disturbance at work by complaining loudly that Mei Ling was harassing her. Mei Ling
fired Haule the following day in the presence of the director of personnel and the Board's general
counsel.
In August 2002, Mei Ling's mother-in-law, Margie Clendennen, received a telephone
call at her home asking for Mei Ling. Margie replied that her daughter-in-law was not there and
hung up the phone. A few days later, the same caller phoned again, asking for Mei Ling. When
Margie asked to take a message, the caller replied, "Tell her to stop sleeping with my husband."
Margie testified that, at the time, she thought the call was a "weird joke."
The caller phoned again in mid-November. Margie answered the phone and the caller
asked her to convey a message to Mei Ling:
[S]top lying about retiring; that she was being fired because everyone knew about the
funds that had been misappropriated and the fraud; and that Mei Ling was not rich
like she was claiming to be; all the jewelry she wears is fake. . . . Just tell her that she
needs to stop lying about everything. We know she is not rich and she lives in a
trailer park in Dale.
The caller identified herself as Cynthia Zuniga. (2) Margie testified that this call made her "a little
angry" and "even a little scared."
On November 27, 2002, the caller phoned while Mei Ling's husband Millard
Clendennen was visiting his mother Margie. Margie recognized the voice and handed the phone to
Millard. The caller asked Millard if he was aware that Mei Ling's mother was involved in illegal
activity in Asia. Millard testified that he identified the voice as Haule and replied, "Well Maggie,
why do you care? Because we don't." (3) The caller then hung up the phone. About an hour later, the
caller phoned on Margie's business line. The caller said, "Just tell Mei Ling I am glad she fired me,"
and hung up. Margie testified that this last call upset her because she feared the caller would
interfere with her business. Margie was positive that the same person made all of the phone calls
and described the voice as deep with a tiny bit of an accent. The Clendennens reported the phone
calls to the Caldwell County Sheriff's Office on December 2, 2002, and a warrant was issued for
Haule's arrest in May 2003.
DISCUSSION
Legal and Factual Sufficiency
In her first two issues, Haule challenges the legal and factual sufficiency of the
evidence supporting her conviction for harassment. Haule was convicted of violating the following
statutory provision:
(a) A person commits an offense if, with the intent to harass, annoy, alarm, abuse,
torment, embarrass, or offend another, he:
(4) causes the telephone of another to ring repeatedly or makes repeated
telephone communications anonymously or in a manner reasonably likely
to harass, annoy, alarm, abuse, torment, embarrass, or offend another. . . .
Id. Haule contends that there is legally and factually insufficient evidence (1) that she was the person
who made the phone calls or (2) that she intended to harass, annoy, alarm, abuse, torment, embarrass,
or offend.
When there is a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain a criminal
conviction, the question presented is whether a rational trier of fact could have found the essential
elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 324 (1979)
(legal sufficiency); Zuniga v. State, 144 S.W.3d 477, 484 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004) (factual
sufficiency); Griffin v. State, 614 S.W.2d 155, 158-59 (Tex. Crim. App. 1981) (legal sufficiency).
In a legal sufficiency review, all the evidence is reviewed in the light most favorable to the verdict;
it is assumed that the trier of fact resolved conflicts in the testimony, weighed the evidence, and drew
reasonable inferences in a manner that supports the verdict. Griffin, 614 S.W.2d at 159 (citing
Jackson, 443 U.S. at 318-19). In a factual sufficiency review, all the evidence is considered equally,
including the testimony of defense witnesses and the existence of alternative hypotheses. Orona v.
State, 836 S.W.2d 319, 321 (Tex. App.--Austin 1992, no pet.). Although due deference still must
be accorded the fact-finder's determinations, particularly those concerning the weight and credibility
of the evidence, the reviewing court may disagree with the result in order to prevent a manifest
injustice. Johnson v. State, 23 S.W.3d 1, 9 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000). The evidence will be deemed
factually insufficient to sustain the conviction if the evidence of guilt, considered alone, is too weak
to support a finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, or if the strength of the contrary evidence
precludes a finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Zuniga, 144 S.W.3d at 484-85. In
conducting a legal or factual sufficiency review, we consider all the evidence, rightly or wrongly
admitted. See Camarillo v. State, 82 S.W.3d 529, 537 (Tex. App.--Austin 2002, no pet.).
Haule first contends that she was only identified as the caller in one phone call and,
therefore, the evidence is legally insufficient to establish guilt. See Hine v. State, 622 S.W.2d 872,
874 (Tex. Crim. App. 1981) (legally insufficient evidence that Hine made harassing phone call).
The fact that Margie Clendennen was not able to independently identify the voice she heard on the
phone does not render the evidence as a whole insufficient to prove that Haule was the caller:
The identity of a telephone caller may be established by self-identification of the
caller coupled with additional evidence such as the context and timing of the
telephone call, the contents of the statement challenged, internal patterns and other
distinctive characteristics, and disclosure of knowledge and facts known peculiarly
to the caller. . . . Proof of the identity of a telephone caller is for the fact finder to
determine, and testimony of the recipient of a call that he recognized the voice of the
caller is competent to establish the identity of the caller, when the recipient at either
a prior or subsequent time has been in the caller's presence and heard him speak.
Manemann v. State, 878 S.W.2d 334, 338 (Tex. App.--Austin 1994, pet. ref'd). Although Haule
never identified herself by name, Millard Clendennen testified that he recognized Haule's voice from
meeting her at his wife's workplace. Margie also heard Haule's voice prior to handing Millard the
phone, and Margie testified that the voice was the same on each of the five phone calls. Moreover,
Haule provided specific information that confirmed her identity. In her final phone call, she asked
Margie to tell Mei Ling, "I am glad she fired me." Mei Ling testified that Haule was the only person
she had ever fired. Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, we hold that
there was legally sufficient evidence that Haule had made all five phone calls to the Clendennen
home.
Because there is legally sufficient evidence that Haule placed all five phone calls, we
will consider the substance of all of the calls in determining whether Haule made them with the
requisite intent. The act of making repeated phone calls is only criminal if "the actor wants to cause
the result of harassing or annoying his victim." Blount v. State, 961 S.W.2d 282, 284 (Tex.
App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1997, pet. ref'd). The intent of the accused may be determined through
circumstantial evidence, considering that person's words, actions, and conduct. Id. In this case,
Haule began with an innocuous call in which she asked for Mei Ling and then hung up. In her next
call, she accused Mei Ling of adultery. In her later calls, Haule stated that Mei Ling was lying,
stealing from her workplace, and that Mei Ling's mother was involved in criminal activity in Asia.
Additionally, Haule called Margie Clendennen's business phone as well as her home. Viewing this
evidence in the light most favorable to the State, we hold that it was sufficient to establish Haule's
intent to harass, annoy, alarm, abuse, torment, embarrass, or offend.
Haule also contends that there was factually insufficient evidence that she repeatedly
made phone calls to the Clendennen home with the intent to harass, annoy, alarm, abuse, torment,
embarrass, or offend. Viewing the evidence neutrally, we hold that the jury could reasonably have
found beyond a reasonable doubt that Haule made all of the phone calls because (1) Margie testified
that the same person made all five calls, (2) Haule was identified by Millard in one of the phone calls,
and (3) Haule provided identifying information by stating that she was glad Mei Ling fired her. See
Manemann, 878 S.W.2d at 338. Although Millard may not have included in his statement to the
police that he had met Haule previously, the jury heard this testimony and found Millard credible.
See Johnson v. State, 23 S.W.3d at 9 (deference to jury determination of credibility).
In arguing that the evidence is factually insufficient to establish that she intended to
harass, annoy, alarm, abuse, torment, embarrass, or offend, Haule points to Margie's testimony that
she was not upset by the first calls and emphasizes the fact that Haule made no threats and did not use
obscene language. She echoes the dissenting opinion in Blount, which stated that "[o]ne mildly
annoying call and one alarming call are factually insufficient to support" a conviction for harassment.
961 S.W.2d at 287. (4) However, the use of threats or obscenities are unnecessary to commit the offense
of harassment. See Bansal v. State, 169 S.W.3d 371, 376 (Tex. App.--Beaumont 2005, pet. struck)
(repeated calls making embarrassing and offensive accusations were legally sufficient evidence of
harassment). A person commits an offense even if the intent of the phone calls was only to annoy the
recipient. See Tex. Pen. Code Ann. § 42.07(a)(4).
Although Margie minimized the impact of the August phone calls, she testified that
Haule's later, more detailed calls accusing Mei Ling and her mother of criminal activity upset and
frightened her. Furthermore, Haule's intent in making the calls is best determined from her own
words, not the recipient's reaction. See Blount, 961 S.W.2d at 284. Haule placed repeated calls to
the Clendennen residence in which she made embarrassing and offensive accusations against Mei
Ling and her mother. Viewing all of the evidence equally, we do not find the evidence so weak, or
the contrary evidence so strong, as to preclude a finding that Haule's phone calls were made with the
intent to annoy, alarm, abuse, torment, embarrass, or offend. Finding the evidence legally and
factually sufficient, we overrule Haule's first and second issues.
Lost or Destroyed Reporter's Record
In her third issue, Haule asks this Court to order a new trial because a portion of the
reporter's record was lost due to a corruption of the court reporter's computer file. The lost record
consists of a significant portion of the voir dire examination. Rule of appellate procedure 34.6(f)
states that an appellant is entitled to a new trial:
(1) if the appellant has timely requested a reporter's record;
(2) if, without the appellant's fault, a significant portion of the court reporter's notes
and records has been lost or destroyed or--if the proceedings were electronically
recorded--a significant portion of the recording has been lost or destroyed or is
inaudible;
(3) if the lost, destroyed, or inaudible portion of the reporter's record . . . is
necessary to the appeal's resolution; and
(4) if the lost, destroyed or inaudible portion of the reporter's record cannot be
replaced by agreement of the parties. . . .
Tex. R. App. P. 34.6(f). Assuming without deciding that all of the technical requirements of rule
36.4(f) are met, Haule has not shown that the lost portion of the reporter's record is necessary for the
resolution of her appeal. Haule asserts that the lost reporter's record has prevented her from raising
a claim that she was denied the effective assistance of counsel during voir dire. (5) She relies on Kirtley
v. State, 56 S.W.3d 48, 52 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001), in which the court of criminal appeals held that
the absence of a transcript of the punishment hearing after a guilty plea prevented the resolution of
Kirtley's claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. In that case, Kirtley specified the grounds he
believed supported his claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. See Kirtley v. State, No. 05-99-00236-CR, 2000 Tex. App. LEXIS 3327, at *4 (Tex. App.--Dallas May 19, 2000) (counsel
ineffective because punishment exceeded plea agreement), vacated and remanded, 56 S.W.3d at 52.
Although Haule speculates as to a number of possible errors that could have been made by her trial
counsel, she does not actually assert that her counsel performed deficiently in any way.
The court of criminal appeals rejected a similar argument in Routier v. State, 112
S.W.3d 554, 571 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003). Routier complained that a missing portion of the record,
including the court's instructions to prospective jurors, was "necessary to her appeal because
prospective jurors received preliminary instructions that may have been erroneous." Id. The court
of criminal appeals responded:
The appellant includes no point of error regarding the instructions given to
prospective jurors. The suggestion that instructions may have been erroneous,
without more, does not make that portion of the record necessary to her appeal.
Id. As in Routier, Haule asserts only that there may have been error. When an appellant merely
speculates that error might have been recorded in the lost portion of the reporter's record, she has
not established that the record "is necessary to the appeal's resolution." Tex. R. App. P. 34.6(f)(4);
see also Routier, 112 S.W.3d at 571. We overrule Haule's third issue.
CONCLUSION
Having overruled all of Haule's issues, we affirm the judgment of conviction.
__________________________________________
Bea Ann Smith, Justice
Before Justices B. A. Smith, Patterson and Pemberton
Affirmed
Filed: January 26, 2006
Do Not Publish
1. Because several of the witnesses share the last name Clendennen, we will use first names
to avoid confusion.
2. Zuniga also worked at the Texas Board of Dental Examiners. At trial, she testified and
denied making the phone calls.
3. Millard explained that he recognized the voice because he had met Haule while visiting
his wife at the Texas Board of Dental Examiners. Haule challenged the credibility of Millard's
testimony on cross-examination by pointing out that Millard had failed to mention in his statement
to the police that he had met Haule before.
4. In Blount, the defendant made several calls to his former employer over the course of one
month. See Blount v. State, 961 S.W.2d 282, 285 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1997, pet. ref'd).
The calls included coarse language and a threat. Id. at 284.
5. Haule complains that, without the lost portion of the reporter's record,
It cannot be determined . . . what questions Appellant's trial counsel asked the
venire members during voir dire, whether those questions might have impacted
the evidentiary issues discussed in Issues 1 or 2, whether there were jurors who
might have convicted Appellant of making repeated calls without the intent to
harass, annoy, alarm, abuse, torment, or embarrass another, or whether the venire
members were asked how many telephone calls were required for the State to
prove the "repeated" element of this offense. It also cannot be determined on this
incomplete record whether trial counsel should have made challenges for cause
besides the withdrawn challenge to venire member Williams after questioning at
the bench. . . . Nor does the incomplete record show the racial makeup of venire
. . . . Had there been no African-Americans in the venire, a challenge to the array
should have been made at voir dire for a violation of Appellant's Sixth
Amendment right to a cross section of the community in her jury venire. . . .