AFFIRMED as MODIFIED and Opinion Filed October 5, 2022
S In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-21-01134-CR No. 05-21-01135-CR No. 05-21-01136-CR No. 05-21-01137-CR MARCOS GARCIA, Appellant V. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee On Appeal from the 282nd Judicial District Court Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause Nos. F19-75544-S, F18-76332-S, F18-76333-S, and F18-76446-S
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Smith, Nowell, and Osborne Opinion by Justice Smith Appellant Marcos Garcia appeals from one judgment of conviction for
aggravated sexual assault of a child under fourteen (Cause No. F18-76332-S) and
three judgments of conviction for continuous sexual abuse of a young child (Cause
Nos. F19-75544-S, F18-76333-S, and F18-76446-S). In two issues, appellant
contends the trial court (1) erred by assessing costs against appellant in each of the
four cases and (2) violated appellant’s common law right to allocution. We modify the trial court’s judgments in Cause Nos. F19-75544-S, F18-76333-S, and F18-
76446-S to remove the costs assessed against appellant. We otherwise affirm.
Background
Appellant was charged with five sexual offenses perpetrated against three
children and pleaded not guilty to each offense. Following trial, a jury found him
guilty of one offense of aggravated sexual assault of a child under fourteen and three
offenses of continuous sexual abuse of a young child.1 The jury assessed punishment
at thirty years’ confinement for the aggravated sexual assault and sixty years’
confinement for each continuous sexual abuse of a young child.
The trial court formally sentenced appellant after reading the jury’s
punishment verdict aloud and confirming that it was unanimous. The trial court
asked appellant if there was any reason in law why the sentences should not be
imposed:
THE COURT: It is the order, judgment, and decree of the Court that you be taken by the sheriff to the authorized receiving agent of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice where you shall serve a period of 60 years in the 446 case, in the 333 case, in the 332 case.
And I apologize, State, actually is there a request from you?
[State’s Counsel]: No, Your Honor.
THE COURT: Okay. In the 33 case -- 332 case, 30 years.
And in the 544 case, 60 years.
1 The jury acquitted appellant of indecency with a child by contact. –2– Your sentences will run concurrent.
And actually, Counsel, before I address that issue.
Is there any legal reason why sentence should not be imposed?
[Defense Counsel]: No, Your Honor.
THE COURT: Okay. It’s the order, judgment, and decree of the Court that you be taken by the sheriff to the authorized receiving agent of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice.
Your sentence begins today. You’ll receive all back time that you previously served.
The trial court signed a Judgment of Conviction by Jury in each case. Each
judgment assessed court costs of $390, and the district clerk certified those costs in
each case.
Duplicate Costs
In his first issue, appellant contends the court costs should be deleted from
three of the judgments because the five cases against him were tried together, four
of which resulted in convictions, and, therefore, those costs are duplicative. The
State agrees.
“In a single criminal action in which a defendant is convicted of two or more
offenses or of multiple counts of the same offense, the court may assess each court
cost or fee only once against the defendant.” TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art.
102.073(a). For purposes of this rule, a person convicted of two or more offenses in
the same trial or plea proceeding is convicted of those offenses in a “single criminal
–3– action.” Hurlburt v. State, 506 S.W.3d 199, 201–04 (Tex. App.—Waco 2016, no
pet.). If the convictions are for the same category of offense and the costs are the
same, the costs should be assessed in the case with the lowest trial court cause
number. Thomas v. State, No. 05-20-00114-CR, 2021 WL 2948550, at *2 (Tex.
App.—Dallas June 30, 2021, pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not designated for publication)
(citing CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 102.073(b); Johnson v. State, No. 05-19-00641-CR,
2020 WL 4745552, at *5 (Tex. App.—Dallas Aug. 17, 2020, no pet.) (mem. op., not
designated for publication)).
Here, appellant was convicted of four first degree felony offenses in a single
trial. See TEX. PEN. CODE ANN. § 21.02 (continuous sexual abuse) &
§22.021(a)(2)(B) (aggravated sexual assault). Court costs, therefore, should have
been assessed only once in the case with the lowest trial court cause number, Cause
No. F18-76332-S. See CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 102.073(a); Thomas, 2021 WL
2948550, at *2. Accordingly, we sustain appellant’s first issue.
This Court has the power to modify a judgment to speak the truth when it has
the necessary information to do so. See TEX. R. APP. P. 43.2(b); Bigley v. State, 865
S.W.2d 26, 27–28 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993); Asberry v. State, 813 S.W.2d 526, 529
(Tex. App.—Dallas 1991, pet. ref'’d) (en banc). Therefore, we modify the Judgment
of Conviction by Jury and bill of costs in Cause Nos. F19-75544-S, F18-76333-S,
and F18-76446-S to delete the $390 in duplicative costs.
–4– Right to Allocution
In his second issue, appellant asserts the trial court violated his common law
right to allocution and, therefore, he is entitled to a new sentencing hearing. The
State responds that appellant failed to preserve this complaint for our review, and
we agree.
“The term ‘allocution’ refers to the trial judge’s asking a criminal defendant
to speak in mitigation of the sentence to be imposed.” Watkins v. State, No. 05-19-
00557-CV, 2020 WL 1809503, at *4 (Tex. App.—Dallas Apr. 9, 2020, no pet.)
(mem. op., not designated for publication); see also Green v. United States, 365 U.S.
301, 304 (1961) (recognizing common law right of allocution). To complain on
appeal of the denial of the right of allocution, a defendant must have timely objected
in the trial court. See, e.g., Hicks v. State, No. 05-20-00614-CR, 2021 WL 3042672,
at *1–2 (Tex. App.—Dallas July 19, 2021, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for
publication); Hall v. State, No. 05-18-00442, 2019 WL 3955772, at *1 (Tex. App.—
Dallas Aug. 22, 2019, pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not designated for publication).
While sentencing appellant, the trial court asked if there was “any legal reason
why sentence should not be imposed?” Appellant’s counsel responded, “No.”
Appellant neither asked the trial court for the opportunity to make
an allocution under the common law nor objected to the trial court’s failure to
recognize his common-law right to allocution. Because appellant failed to timely
object to the denial of his right of allocution, he did not preserve his complaint for
–5– appeal. See, e.g., Hicks, 2021 WL 3042672, at *1–2. Accordingly, we overrule
appellant’s second issue.
Conclusion
We affirm the judgment of the trial court in Cause No. F18-76332-S. And, as
modified, we affirm the judgments of the trial court in Cause Nos. F19-75544-S,
F18-76333-S, and F18-76446-S.
/Craig Smith/ CRAIG SMITH JUSTICE
211134f.u05 211135f.u05 211136f.u05 211137f.u05 Do Not Publish TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b)
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AFFIRMED as MODIFIED and Opinion Filed October 5, 2022
S In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-21-01134-CR No. 05-21-01135-CR No. 05-21-01136-CR No. 05-21-01137-CR MARCOS GARCIA, Appellant V. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee On Appeal from the 282nd Judicial District Court Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause Nos. F19-75544-S, F18-76332-S, F18-76333-S, and F18-76446-S
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Smith, Nowell, and Osborne Opinion by Justice Smith Appellant Marcos Garcia appeals from one judgment of conviction for
aggravated sexual assault of a child under fourteen (Cause No. F18-76332-S) and
three judgments of conviction for continuous sexual abuse of a young child (Cause
Nos. F19-75544-S, F18-76333-S, and F18-76446-S). In two issues, appellant
contends the trial court (1) erred by assessing costs against appellant in each of the
four cases and (2) violated appellant’s common law right to allocution. We modify the trial court’s judgments in Cause Nos. F19-75544-S, F18-76333-S, and F18-
76446-S to remove the costs assessed against appellant. We otherwise affirm.
Background
Appellant was charged with five sexual offenses perpetrated against three
children and pleaded not guilty to each offense. Following trial, a jury found him
guilty of one offense of aggravated sexual assault of a child under fourteen and three
offenses of continuous sexual abuse of a young child.1 The jury assessed punishment
at thirty years’ confinement for the aggravated sexual assault and sixty years’
confinement for each continuous sexual abuse of a young child.
The trial court formally sentenced appellant after reading the jury’s
punishment verdict aloud and confirming that it was unanimous. The trial court
asked appellant if there was any reason in law why the sentences should not be
imposed:
THE COURT: It is the order, judgment, and decree of the Court that you be taken by the sheriff to the authorized receiving agent of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice where you shall serve a period of 60 years in the 446 case, in the 333 case, in the 332 case.
And I apologize, State, actually is there a request from you?
[State’s Counsel]: No, Your Honor.
THE COURT: Okay. In the 33 case -- 332 case, 30 years.
And in the 544 case, 60 years.
1 The jury acquitted appellant of indecency with a child by contact. –2– Your sentences will run concurrent.
And actually, Counsel, before I address that issue.
Is there any legal reason why sentence should not be imposed?
[Defense Counsel]: No, Your Honor.
THE COURT: Okay. It’s the order, judgment, and decree of the Court that you be taken by the sheriff to the authorized receiving agent of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice.
Your sentence begins today. You’ll receive all back time that you previously served.
The trial court signed a Judgment of Conviction by Jury in each case. Each
judgment assessed court costs of $390, and the district clerk certified those costs in
each case.
Duplicate Costs
In his first issue, appellant contends the court costs should be deleted from
three of the judgments because the five cases against him were tried together, four
of which resulted in convictions, and, therefore, those costs are duplicative. The
State agrees.
“In a single criminal action in which a defendant is convicted of two or more
offenses or of multiple counts of the same offense, the court may assess each court
cost or fee only once against the defendant.” TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art.
102.073(a). For purposes of this rule, a person convicted of two or more offenses in
the same trial or plea proceeding is convicted of those offenses in a “single criminal
–3– action.” Hurlburt v. State, 506 S.W.3d 199, 201–04 (Tex. App.—Waco 2016, no
pet.). If the convictions are for the same category of offense and the costs are the
same, the costs should be assessed in the case with the lowest trial court cause
number. Thomas v. State, No. 05-20-00114-CR, 2021 WL 2948550, at *2 (Tex.
App.—Dallas June 30, 2021, pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not designated for publication)
(citing CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 102.073(b); Johnson v. State, No. 05-19-00641-CR,
2020 WL 4745552, at *5 (Tex. App.—Dallas Aug. 17, 2020, no pet.) (mem. op., not
designated for publication)).
Here, appellant was convicted of four first degree felony offenses in a single
trial. See TEX. PEN. CODE ANN. § 21.02 (continuous sexual abuse) &
§22.021(a)(2)(B) (aggravated sexual assault). Court costs, therefore, should have
been assessed only once in the case with the lowest trial court cause number, Cause
No. F18-76332-S. See CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 102.073(a); Thomas, 2021 WL
2948550, at *2. Accordingly, we sustain appellant’s first issue.
This Court has the power to modify a judgment to speak the truth when it has
the necessary information to do so. See TEX. R. APP. P. 43.2(b); Bigley v. State, 865
S.W.2d 26, 27–28 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993); Asberry v. State, 813 S.W.2d 526, 529
(Tex. App.—Dallas 1991, pet. ref'’d) (en banc). Therefore, we modify the Judgment
of Conviction by Jury and bill of costs in Cause Nos. F19-75544-S, F18-76333-S,
and F18-76446-S to delete the $390 in duplicative costs.
–4– Right to Allocution
In his second issue, appellant asserts the trial court violated his common law
right to allocution and, therefore, he is entitled to a new sentencing hearing. The
State responds that appellant failed to preserve this complaint for our review, and
we agree.
“The term ‘allocution’ refers to the trial judge’s asking a criminal defendant
to speak in mitigation of the sentence to be imposed.” Watkins v. State, No. 05-19-
00557-CV, 2020 WL 1809503, at *4 (Tex. App.—Dallas Apr. 9, 2020, no pet.)
(mem. op., not designated for publication); see also Green v. United States, 365 U.S.
301, 304 (1961) (recognizing common law right of allocution). To complain on
appeal of the denial of the right of allocution, a defendant must have timely objected
in the trial court. See, e.g., Hicks v. State, No. 05-20-00614-CR, 2021 WL 3042672,
at *1–2 (Tex. App.—Dallas July 19, 2021, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for
publication); Hall v. State, No. 05-18-00442, 2019 WL 3955772, at *1 (Tex. App.—
Dallas Aug. 22, 2019, pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not designated for publication).
While sentencing appellant, the trial court asked if there was “any legal reason
why sentence should not be imposed?” Appellant’s counsel responded, “No.”
Appellant neither asked the trial court for the opportunity to make
an allocution under the common law nor objected to the trial court’s failure to
recognize his common-law right to allocution. Because appellant failed to timely
object to the denial of his right of allocution, he did not preserve his complaint for
–5– appeal. See, e.g., Hicks, 2021 WL 3042672, at *1–2. Accordingly, we overrule
appellant’s second issue.
Conclusion
We affirm the judgment of the trial court in Cause No. F18-76332-S. And, as
modified, we affirm the judgments of the trial court in Cause Nos. F19-75544-S,
F18-76333-S, and F18-76446-S.
/Craig Smith/ CRAIG SMITH JUSTICE
211134f.u05 211135f.u05 211136f.u05 211137f.u05 Do Not Publish TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b)
–6– S Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas JUDGMENT
MARCOS GARCIA, Appellant On Appeal from the 282nd Judicial District Court, Dallas County, Texas No. 05-21-01134-CR V. Trial Court Cause No. F19-75544-S. Opinion delivered by Justice Smith. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee Justices Nowell and Osborne participating.
Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is MODIFIED as follows:
to delete the court costs of $390 in the Judgment of Conviction by Jury and Bill of Costs.
As MODIFIED, the judgment is AFFIRMED.
Judgment entered this 5th day of October, 2022.
–7– S Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas JUDGMENT
MARCOS GARCIA, Appellant On Appeal from the 282nd Judicial District Court, Dallas County, Texas No. 05-21-01135-CR V. Trial Court Cause No. F18-76332-S. Opinion delivered by Justice Smith. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee Justices Nowell and Osborne participating.
Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRMED.
–8– S Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas JUDGMENT
MARCOS GARCIA, Appellant On Appeal from the 282nd Judicial District Court, Dallas County, Texas No. 05-21-01136-CR V. Trial Court Cause No. F18-76333-S. Opinion delivered by Justice Smith. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee Justices Nowell and Osborne participating.
Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is MODIFIED as follows:
to delete the court costs of $390 in the Judgment of Conviction by Jury and Bill of Costs.
–9– S Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas JUDGMENT
MARCOS GARCIA, Appellant On Appeal from the 282nd Judicial District Court, Dallas County, Texas No. 05-21-01137-CR V. Trial Court Cause No. F18-76446-S. Opinion delivered by Justice Smith. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee Justices Nowell and Osborne participating.
Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is MODIFIED as follows:
to delete the court costs of $390 in the Judgment of Conviction by Jury and Bill of Costs.
–10–