Manufacturers & Traders Trust Co. v. Eighth Judicial District Court of the State of Nevada

583 P.2d 444, 94 Nev. 551, 1978 Nev. LEXIS 613
CourtNevada Supreme Court
DecidedAugust 9, 1978
DocketNo. 10005
StatusPublished
Cited by17 cases

This text of 583 P.2d 444 (Manufacturers & Traders Trust Co. v. Eighth Judicial District Court of the State of Nevada) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Nevada Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Manufacturers & Traders Trust Co. v. Eighth Judicial District Court of the State of Nevada, 583 P.2d 444, 94 Nev. 551, 1978 Nev. LEXIS 613 (Neb. 1978).

Opinions

[552]*552OPINION

By the Court,

Mowbray, J.:

The narrow issue presented is whether guarantors of a promissory note secured by a deed of trust are entitled to the protection of NRS 40.451 to 40.459, inclusive, governing deficiency judgments, when the creditor has previously exercised its power of sale under the deed of trust.1 This is an original proceeding in mandamus in which petitioners seek a writ directing the trial court to grant summary judgment in their favor. The petitioners, as plaintiffs below, commenced this action in the district court to collect a deficiency judgment on the remaining balance due on the note after property securing the note had been sold at a trustee’s sale.

[553]*553Petitioners and defendants filed cross motions for summary judgment. Defendants’ primary defense in the district court suit, was that as guarantors of an obligation secured by a deed of trust, they were entitled to the deficiency judgment protections of NRS 40.451 to 40.459. These provisions require a creditor seeking a deficiency judgment following a trustee’s sale to apply for such judgment within three months from the date of sale (NRS 40.455), and limit the amount of such judgment to the difference between the fair market value of the property and the amount of indebtedness remaining at the date of sale (NRS 40.459). The trial court agreed, granting summary judgment for defendants. The court ruled that “as a matter of law the amount of liability of the defendants as guarantors is limited and must be determined in accordance with NRS 40.451 through 40.459”.

Petitioners subsequently filed this petition for a writ of mandamus directing the trial court to enter summary judgment in their favor. They concede that if the deficiency statutes apply, they are not entitled to recovery against defendants, since they failed to file suit within three months of the date of sale. They

[554]*554urge, however, that the trial court erred in its determination that the deficiency judgment statutes (NRS 40.451 to 40.459) apply to a suit upon an independent contract of guaranty.

A preliminary issue presented by any petition for a writ of mandamus is whether the case is appropriate for consideration upon such petition, rather than by appeal. In the case at hand, respondents have joined petitioners in urging the court to consider the matter upon the petition. Since the material facts are undisputed, “[mjandamus is an appropriate vehicle to challenge the district court’s denial of summary judgment”. Laakonen v. District Court, 91 Nev. 506, 508, n. 2, 538 P.2d 574, 575, n. 2 (1975); Dzack v. Marshall, 80 Nev. 345, 393 P.2d 610 (1964); NRAP 3A(b)(5).

THE ISSUE

This court has recently ruled that a creditor is not required to pursue the maker of the note, or the real property security, before suing the guarantor of a note secured by a mortgage or deed of trust for the full amount of the indebtedness remaining on the note. First National Bank of Nevada v. Barengo, 91 Nev. 396, 536 P.2d 487 (1975). The question presented by this case is whether, if a creditor does choose to pursue his remedy against the property before suing a guarantor, he may thereafter sue the guarantors for any remaining indebtedness on the note without complying with the requirements and limitations of NRS 40.451 to 40.459, supra.

The rationale and statutory interpretation applied by this court in Barengo, and by the federal district court in Coombs v. Heers, 366 F.Supp. 851 (D. Nev. 1973), endorsed by this court in Barengo, fully support the contention that the legislature did not intend to extend the protection of the deficiency judgment statutes to guarantors.

Barengo and Coombs each dealt with the so-called “one action rule” of NRS 40.430, requiring one action, in accordance with the deficiency judgment provisions of NRS 40.440 to 40.459, “for the recovery of any debt, or for the enforcement of any right secured by mortgage or lien upon real estate”. In both cases, guarantors of promissory notes secured by deeds of trust contended that NRS 40.430 precluded creditors from suing the guarantors without complying with the deficiency judgment statutes. In each case, the court concluded that the legislature had not intended to include guarantors within the protection of NRS 40.430.

The court in Coombs indicated the broad policy basis for its decision:

[555]*555“[T]he practical effect of defendants’ argument would be to transpose all of the protections afforded a principal debtor into the guarantor contract, simply on the basis of a fear that those protections will otherwise be evaded in some cases. Such is not the law. . .. And such an approach may well prove socially undesirable. ... a small corporate borrower may find it impossible to secure loan funds if corporate lenders cannot require and look to a guarantor that will remain liable in the face of a defense, such as bankruptcy, available to the principal debtor.” 366 F.Supp 855.

In Barengo, this court determined that the federal court had correctly interpreted the law of Nevada. “The so-called ‘one action rule’ of NRS 40.430 . . . does not, in our view, bear upon the obligation of a guarantor to honor his separate, independent contract of guaranty. A contract of guaranty is to be separately considered.” (citations omitted). 91 Nev. 397, 536 P.2d 487. The courts ruled, in effect, that a separate, independent contract of guaranty is not a “debt . . . secured by mortgage or lien upon real estate”, simply by virtue of the fact that the note guaranteed is so secured.

Respondents suggest that the provisions of NRS 40.451 to 40.459 call for a different interpretation in the case at hand.

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Bluebook (online)
583 P.2d 444, 94 Nev. 551, 1978 Nev. LEXIS 613, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/manufacturers-traders-trust-co-v-eighth-judicial-district-court-of-the-nev-1978.