[Cite as Manis v. Manis, 2014-Ohio-5086.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
WARREN COUNTY
DAVID BRIAN MANIS, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, : CASE NO. CA2014-05-070
: OPINION - vs - 11/17/2014 :
LUCIA PAULETTE MANIS, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
APPEAL FROM WARREN COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS DOMESTIC RELATIONS DIVISION Case No. 11DR34549
Jeffery E. Richards, 147 Miami Street, P.O. Box 536, Waynesville, Ohio 45068, for plaintiff- appellee
Ernst & Associates, David E. Ernst, Emma K. Franklin, 11 South Broadway, Suite 200, Lebanon, Ohio 45036, for defendant-appellant
HENDRICKSON, P.J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Lucia Paulette Manis (Mother), appeals from a decision of
the Warren County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, terminating her
shared parenting agreement and placing her daughter with the child's father, plaintiff-
appellee David Brian Manis (Father). For the reasons set forth below, we affirm.
{¶ 2} Mother and Father are the parents of a five-year-old daughter, I.M., born on Warren CA2014-05-070
April 7, 2009. The parties were once married, but divorced in September 2012. At the time
of their divorce, the parties entered a shared parenting plan. The shared parenting plan
provided that "[e]ach parent shall be considered the residential parent," though Mother's
residence would be considered the primary place of residence for school purposes. At this
time, Mother lived in Springfield, Ohio, and Father lived in Springboro, Ohio. Pursuant to the
shared parenting plan, the parties were to share equally in parenting time on a week-to-week
basis until I.M. entered school. At that time, Father was to have parenting time on alternating
weekends from Friday afternoon until Tuesday at 7:00 p.m.
{¶ 3} A short time after the divorce, Father moved from Springboro to Camden, Ohio
to live with his parents and Mother remarried. Following her marriage to Joe Matthews in
October 2012, Mother continued to reside in Springfield. The parties abided by the terms of
the shared parenting plan during this time. However, in June 2013, Mother separated from
Matthews following a domestic violence incident in which Matthews physically and sexually
assaulted Mother in their home after Mother confronted Matthews about his use of steroids.
I.M. was present in the home when the assault occurred. Immediately after the assault,
Mother left Springfield for Youngstown, Ohio to be with her family. I.M. went with Mother to
Youngstown, where Mother has remained since mid-June 2013. Father was not informed of
Mother's move to Youngstown until after the move had occurred.
{¶ 4} On August 22, 2013, Father filed a motion to modify the shared parenting plan
or, in the alternative, to terminate the shared parenting plan and be named the custodial and
residential parent of I.M. A hearing on the motion was held on January 23, 2014, before a
magistrate. At the hearing, Father testified on his own behalf and called his mother, Sandra
Manis, and his sister, Rebecca Pauline Howard, as witnesses. Mother also chose to testify
on her own behalf at the hearing, but she elected not to present any additional witnesses.
{¶ 5} On January 27, 2014, the magistrate issued a decision granting Father's motion -2- Warren CA2014-05-070
and terminating the parties' shared parenting plan. The magistrate found that Mother's move
to Youngstown constituted a substantial change of circumstances and that it was in I.M.'s
best interest that the shared parenting plan be terminated and Father named the custodial
parent. Mother filed objections to the magistrate's decision, arguing that the decision was
against the manifest weight of the evidence and that the trial court failed to adequately
consider and make findings with respect to the best interest factors set forth in R.C.
3109.04(F)(1)(a)-(j). On April 14, 2014, the trial court overruled Mother's objections, finding
that Mother's "move constitutes a change in circumstance under R.C. 3109.04(E)(1)(a)" and
the "factors found in R.C. 3109.04(F)(1) * * * weigh in favor of granting custody to Father."
{¶ 6} Mother timely appealed, raising two assignments of error. As the assignments
of error are related, we will address them together.
{¶ 7} Assignment of Error No. 1:
{¶ 8} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY NOT SPECIFICALLY FINDING THE
FULFILLMENT OF THE ELEMENTS OF OHIO REVISED CODE 3109.04(E)(1)(a), WHICH
REQUIRES A FINDING OF BOTH A "CHANGE OF CIRCUMSTANCES" AND "BEST
INTEREST OF THE CHILD" AND THUS, IT IS INAPPROPRIATE THAT FATHER WAS
NAMED CUSTODIAL PARENT.
{¶ 9} Assignment of Error No. 2:
{¶ 10} THAT OHIO REVISED CODE R.C. 3109.04(E)(1)(a) REQUIRES THE COURT
TO RETAIN THE RESIDENTIAL PARENT, SAVE FOR A FINDING OF BEST INTEREST
AND THREE ADDITIONAL FACTORS, AND AS THE TRIAL COURT DID NOT MAKE SUCH
A FINDING, THE STATUTE WAS INCORRECTLY APPLIED.
{¶ 11} In her first and second assignments of error, Mother argues that the trial court
incorrectly applied R.C. 3109.04(E)(1)(a) in determining that there was a substantial change
of circumstances and that it was in I.M.'s best interest that the shared parenting plan be -3- Warren CA2014-05-070
terminated. Mother contends that her move to Youngstown was not a change in
circumstance. She further contends that the trial court's best interest analysis was
incomplete as the court did not address all of the factors set forth in R.C. 3109.04(F)(1)(a)-(j)
and did not consider all relevant evidence in determining that Father should be named the
residential parent.
{¶ 12} The standard of review in custody cases is whether the trial court abused its
discretion. C.D. v. D.L., 12th Dist. Fayette No. CA2006-09-037, 2007-Ohio-2559, ¶ 14, citing
Davis v. Flickinger, 77 Ohio St.3d 415, 416-417 (1993). An abuse of discretion implies that
the trial court's attitude was unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable. Blakemore v.
Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219 (1983). "When applying the abuse-of-discretion standard,
an appellate court's role is to ascertain whether the award of custody is supported by
competent and credible evidence." In re D.M., 196 Ohio App.3d 50, 2011-Ohio-3918, ¶ 25
(12th Dist.). Further, in reviewing a trial court's decision, an appellate court "may not
substitute its judgment for that of the trial court because the 'discretion which a trial court
enjoys in custody matters should be accorded the utmost respect, given the nature of the
proceeding and the impact the court's determination will have on the lives of the parties
concerned.'" Renner v. Renner, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2014-01-004, 2014-Ohio-2237, ¶
16, quoting Caldwell v. Caldwell, 12th Dist. Clermont Nos. CA2008-02-019 and CA2008-03-
021, 2009-Ohio-2201, ¶ 15.
{¶ 13} As an initial matter, we note that Mother and Father base their arguments on
appeal around the requirements of R.C. 3109.04(E)(1)(a). Likewise, in granting custody of
I.M. to Father, the trial court relied in part on R.C. 3109.04(E)(1)(a). This provision prohibits a
trial court from modifying a prior decree allocating parental rights and responsibilities,
including a shared parenting plan, unless the court finds that there has been a change in
circumstances and that modification is in the child's best interest.
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[Cite as Manis v. Manis, 2014-Ohio-5086.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
WARREN COUNTY
DAVID BRIAN MANIS, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, : CASE NO. CA2014-05-070
: OPINION - vs - 11/17/2014 :
LUCIA PAULETTE MANIS, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
APPEAL FROM WARREN COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS DOMESTIC RELATIONS DIVISION Case No. 11DR34549
Jeffery E. Richards, 147 Miami Street, P.O. Box 536, Waynesville, Ohio 45068, for plaintiff- appellee
Ernst & Associates, David E. Ernst, Emma K. Franklin, 11 South Broadway, Suite 200, Lebanon, Ohio 45036, for defendant-appellant
HENDRICKSON, P.J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Lucia Paulette Manis (Mother), appeals from a decision of
the Warren County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, terminating her
shared parenting agreement and placing her daughter with the child's father, plaintiff-
appellee David Brian Manis (Father). For the reasons set forth below, we affirm.
{¶ 2} Mother and Father are the parents of a five-year-old daughter, I.M., born on Warren CA2014-05-070
April 7, 2009. The parties were once married, but divorced in September 2012. At the time
of their divorce, the parties entered a shared parenting plan. The shared parenting plan
provided that "[e]ach parent shall be considered the residential parent," though Mother's
residence would be considered the primary place of residence for school purposes. At this
time, Mother lived in Springfield, Ohio, and Father lived in Springboro, Ohio. Pursuant to the
shared parenting plan, the parties were to share equally in parenting time on a week-to-week
basis until I.M. entered school. At that time, Father was to have parenting time on alternating
weekends from Friday afternoon until Tuesday at 7:00 p.m.
{¶ 3} A short time after the divorce, Father moved from Springboro to Camden, Ohio
to live with his parents and Mother remarried. Following her marriage to Joe Matthews in
October 2012, Mother continued to reside in Springfield. The parties abided by the terms of
the shared parenting plan during this time. However, in June 2013, Mother separated from
Matthews following a domestic violence incident in which Matthews physically and sexually
assaulted Mother in their home after Mother confronted Matthews about his use of steroids.
I.M. was present in the home when the assault occurred. Immediately after the assault,
Mother left Springfield for Youngstown, Ohio to be with her family. I.M. went with Mother to
Youngstown, where Mother has remained since mid-June 2013. Father was not informed of
Mother's move to Youngstown until after the move had occurred.
{¶ 4} On August 22, 2013, Father filed a motion to modify the shared parenting plan
or, in the alternative, to terminate the shared parenting plan and be named the custodial and
residential parent of I.M. A hearing on the motion was held on January 23, 2014, before a
magistrate. At the hearing, Father testified on his own behalf and called his mother, Sandra
Manis, and his sister, Rebecca Pauline Howard, as witnesses. Mother also chose to testify
on her own behalf at the hearing, but she elected not to present any additional witnesses.
{¶ 5} On January 27, 2014, the magistrate issued a decision granting Father's motion -2- Warren CA2014-05-070
and terminating the parties' shared parenting plan. The magistrate found that Mother's move
to Youngstown constituted a substantial change of circumstances and that it was in I.M.'s
best interest that the shared parenting plan be terminated and Father named the custodial
parent. Mother filed objections to the magistrate's decision, arguing that the decision was
against the manifest weight of the evidence and that the trial court failed to adequately
consider and make findings with respect to the best interest factors set forth in R.C.
3109.04(F)(1)(a)-(j). On April 14, 2014, the trial court overruled Mother's objections, finding
that Mother's "move constitutes a change in circumstance under R.C. 3109.04(E)(1)(a)" and
the "factors found in R.C. 3109.04(F)(1) * * * weigh in favor of granting custody to Father."
{¶ 6} Mother timely appealed, raising two assignments of error. As the assignments
of error are related, we will address them together.
{¶ 7} Assignment of Error No. 1:
{¶ 8} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY NOT SPECIFICALLY FINDING THE
FULFILLMENT OF THE ELEMENTS OF OHIO REVISED CODE 3109.04(E)(1)(a), WHICH
REQUIRES A FINDING OF BOTH A "CHANGE OF CIRCUMSTANCES" AND "BEST
INTEREST OF THE CHILD" AND THUS, IT IS INAPPROPRIATE THAT FATHER WAS
NAMED CUSTODIAL PARENT.
{¶ 9} Assignment of Error No. 2:
{¶ 10} THAT OHIO REVISED CODE R.C. 3109.04(E)(1)(a) REQUIRES THE COURT
TO RETAIN THE RESIDENTIAL PARENT, SAVE FOR A FINDING OF BEST INTEREST
AND THREE ADDITIONAL FACTORS, AND AS THE TRIAL COURT DID NOT MAKE SUCH
A FINDING, THE STATUTE WAS INCORRECTLY APPLIED.
{¶ 11} In her first and second assignments of error, Mother argues that the trial court
incorrectly applied R.C. 3109.04(E)(1)(a) in determining that there was a substantial change
of circumstances and that it was in I.M.'s best interest that the shared parenting plan be -3- Warren CA2014-05-070
terminated. Mother contends that her move to Youngstown was not a change in
circumstance. She further contends that the trial court's best interest analysis was
incomplete as the court did not address all of the factors set forth in R.C. 3109.04(F)(1)(a)-(j)
and did not consider all relevant evidence in determining that Father should be named the
residential parent.
{¶ 12} The standard of review in custody cases is whether the trial court abused its
discretion. C.D. v. D.L., 12th Dist. Fayette No. CA2006-09-037, 2007-Ohio-2559, ¶ 14, citing
Davis v. Flickinger, 77 Ohio St.3d 415, 416-417 (1993). An abuse of discretion implies that
the trial court's attitude was unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable. Blakemore v.
Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219 (1983). "When applying the abuse-of-discretion standard,
an appellate court's role is to ascertain whether the award of custody is supported by
competent and credible evidence." In re D.M., 196 Ohio App.3d 50, 2011-Ohio-3918, ¶ 25
(12th Dist.). Further, in reviewing a trial court's decision, an appellate court "may not
substitute its judgment for that of the trial court because the 'discretion which a trial court
enjoys in custody matters should be accorded the utmost respect, given the nature of the
proceeding and the impact the court's determination will have on the lives of the parties
concerned.'" Renner v. Renner, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2014-01-004, 2014-Ohio-2237, ¶
16, quoting Caldwell v. Caldwell, 12th Dist. Clermont Nos. CA2008-02-019 and CA2008-03-
021, 2009-Ohio-2201, ¶ 15.
{¶ 13} As an initial matter, we note that Mother and Father base their arguments on
appeal around the requirements of R.C. 3109.04(E)(1)(a). Likewise, in granting custody of
I.M. to Father, the trial court relied in part on R.C. 3109.04(E)(1)(a). This provision prohibits a
trial court from modifying a prior decree allocating parental rights and responsibilities,
including a shared parenting plan, unless the court finds that there has been a change in
circumstances and that modification is in the child's best interest. C.D., 2007-Ohio-2559 at ¶ -4- Warren CA2014-05-070
15, citing R.C. 3109.04(E)(1)(a). However, in the present case, Father sought, and the trial
court granted, a termination of the parties' shared parenting agreement. Father's motion was
therefore governed by R.C. 3109.04(E)(2)(c). See id. at ¶ 16; A.S. v. D.G., 12th Dist. Clinton
No. CA2006-05-017, 2007-Ohio-1556, ¶ 31-32. Although the trial court initially considered
Father's motion to terminate the shared parenting plan under the wrong standard, we find
such error to be harmless as the trial court also considered what the best parenting
arrangement for the child would be before granting custody of I.M. to Father. See C.D. at ¶
16; Gambrell v. Gambrell, 12th Dist. Preble No. CA99-04-011, 2000 WL 146028, *2 (Jan. 31,
2000). Any findings the trial court made in its entry relative to a change in circumstances
were superfluous.
{¶ 14} R.C. 3109.04(E)(2)(c) provides in relevant part the following:
The court may terminate a prior final shared parenting decree that includes a shared parenting plan approved under [R.C. 3109.04(D)(1)(a)(i)] * * * upon the request of one or both of the parents or whenever it determines that shared parenting is not in the best interest of the children. The court may terminate a prior final shared parenting decree that includes a shared parenting plan approved under [R.C. 3109.04(D)(1)(a)(ii) or (iii)] * * * if it determines, upon its own motion or upon the request of one or both parents, that shared parenting is not in the best interest of the children.
Accordingly, under the first part of R.C. 3109.04(E)(2)(c), a trial court may terminate a shared
parenting plan approved under R.C. 3109.04(D)(1)(a)(i) simply upon the request of one or
both of the parents. In re A.B., 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2009-10-257, 2010-Ohio-2823, ¶ 23,
citing C.D. at ¶ 18. While a court may also terminate the shared parenting plan by finding
that it is not in the best interest of the child, it is not required to so find before it can terminate
the plan. Id. By contrast, under the second part of R.C. 3109.04(E)(2)(c), a trial court may
terminate a shared parenting plan approved under R.C. 3109.04(D)(1)(a)(ii) or (iii) only if it
determines that the plan is not in the best interest of the child. Id.
-5- Warren CA2014-05-070
{¶ 15} In the present case, the parties entered into a shared parenting plan in
accordance with R.C. 3109.04(D)(1)(a)(i). Therefore, the trial court was not required to first
find that shared parenting was not in the best interest of the child (even though it did) before
it could terminate the shared parenting plan. See id at ¶ 24; C.D., 2007-Ohio-2559 at ¶ 18.
{¶ 16} Nevertheless, R.C. 3109.04(E)(2)(d) states that when a court terminates a
shared parenting plan approved under R.C. 3109.04(D)(1)(a)(i), the court must then "issue a
modified decree for the allocation of parental rights and responsibilities for the care of the
children under standards applicable under divisions (A), (B), and (C) of this section as if no
decree for shared parenting had been granted and as if no request for shared parenting ever
had been made." Division (B) of the statute requires that when allocating parental rights and
responsibilities, a court must consider a child's best interests. R.C. 3109.04(B). See also In
re A.B., 2010-Ohio-2823 at ¶ 25. In considering a child's best interests, the court must
consider the factors set forth in R.C. 3109.04(F)(1), which include: the wishes of the parents;
the child's interactions and interrelationships with parents, siblings, and other persons who
may significantly affect the child's best interest; the child's adjustment to home, school and
community; the mental and physical health of all persons involved in the situation; the parent
more likely to honor and facilitate visitation; whether one parent has denied the other
parenting time; whether either parent has failed to make all child support payments; and
whether either parent has established or is planning to establish a residence outside of Ohio.
{¶ 17} In addition to the factors listed above, R.C. 3109.04(F)(2) sets forth factors for a
court to consider when determining whether shared parenting (as a form of custody) is in a
child's best interest. These factors include: the parent's ability to cooperate and make joint
decisions with respect to the child; the ability of each parent to encourage the sharing of love,
affection, and contact between the child and the other parent; any history of, or potential for,
child abuse, spouse abuse, domestic violence, or parental kidnapping; the geographic -6- Warren CA2014-05-070
proximity of the parents to each other, as the proximity relates to the practical considerations
of shared parenting; and the recommendation of the child's guardian ad litem if one has been
appointed.
{¶ 18} Here, the trial court made numerous findings related to the best interest factors,
including the following findings: (1) Mother wishes to have I.M. reside with her in
Youngstown and Father wishes to have I.M. reside with him if Mother resides in Youngstown;
(2) I.M. has a close relationship with family members on Father's side—she spends time with
Father's sisters, Father's nieces and nephews, and Father's mother, who has provided
daycare for I.M. since her birth; (3) I.M. is doing well in school in Youngstown and she has
made friends in Youngstown; (4) there was no evidence concerning problems with either
parent's mental or physical health; (5) Father has not denied Mother her parenting time, and
although Mother did not deny Father parenting time, Mother failed to follow the spirit of the
parties' shared parenting plan when she unilaterally moved to Youngstown without telling
Father; (6) Father fell behind in child support in 2013, and as of the date of the January 23,
2013 hearing, was $300 behind in his child support obligation; (7) neither Mother nor Father
had been convicted or pled guilty to child abuse or child neglect; and (8) although Mother has
not moved outside the state of Ohio, she did relocate almost four-and-one-half hours away
from Father's residence.
{¶ 19} The court also made the following findings relevant to the factors set forth in
R.C. 3109.04(F)(2): (1) Mother did not involve Father in the decision to enroll I.M. in
preschool in Youngstown or inform him that I.M. had been signed up to participate in indoor
soccer in Youngstown; (2) Mother admits her current husband (Matthews) was using and
selling illegal steroids while they were living together and while I.M. was living with them; (3)
Mother's move necessarily means that one parent will be unable to regularly attend I.M.'s
extracurricular events and school events or be able to help her with homework and projects;
-7- Warren CA2014-05-070
and (4) the physical distance between the two parties as well as their inability to
communicate and share in decision making render shared parenting impractical.
{¶ 20} In addition to the above mentioned findings, the court also considered Mother
and Father's living arrangements and their income. With respect to Mother, the court noted
that Mother had moved from the marital home she shared with Father in Springboro, Ohio
into a residence she shared with Matthews in Springfield, Ohio, and then moved from the
Springfield residence into her mother's home in Youngstown, Ohio. In August 2013, Mother
obtained a two-bedroom apartment in Youngstown to share with I.M. Father moved from the
marital home he shared with Mother in Springboro into his parent's two-bedroom rental home
in Camden, Ohio. Father's parents occupy one bedroom, I.M. occupies the other bedroom,
and Father sleeps in the basement. Mother is currently employed by the Ohio Department of
Jobs and Family Services in Youngstown and earns approximately $30,000 a year. Father
lost his job in December 2013 and is collecting unemployment while he looks for work. At the
January 23, 2014 hearing, Father testified that he anticipates making around $30,000 once
he finds employment.
{¶ 21} Having thoroughly reviewed the record before us, we conclude that the findings
made by the trial court were supported by competent and credible evidence. Although
Mother contends the trial court failed to address all of the best interest factors set forth in
R.C. 3109.04(F)(1) in issuing its decision, the record demonstrates otherwise. While the trial
court's decision does not contain a specific listing or citation to each of the factors set forth in
R.C. 3109.04(F)(1), the court clearly indicated that had considered "all the factors in Ohio
Revised Code Section 3109.04" in issuing its decision. A trial court is not required to set
forth its analysis as to each factor enumerated in R.C. 3109.04(F) so long as its decision is
supported by some competent, credible evidence. See Smith v. Smith, 11th Dist. Trumbull
No. 2009-T-0064, 2010-Ohio-3051, ¶ 10. Here, the findings made by the trial court align with -8- Warren CA2014-05-070
those factors set forth in R.C. 3109.04(F)(1). The court clearly considered the parties'
wishes, I.M.'s relationships with Mother and Father and her extended family, I.M.'s school,
home, and community environments, the mental and physical health of the parties, Father's
arrearage on his child support obligation, the physical location of Mother's and Father's
homes, and how the four-and-one-half hour distance between Mother's home and Father's
home hindered visitation and the practicality of shared parenting. Accordingly, we find no
merit to Mother's argument that the trial court failed to fully consider and address the best
interest factors set forth in R.C. 3109.04(F)(1).
{¶ 22} We further find no merit to Mother's contention that the trial court, in
determining that Father should be named residential parent, ignored evidence. Mother
contends the trial court failed to consider evidence tending to show that Father is not involved
in certain aspects of I.M.'s life, such as her "secular and religious education," and that he is
unable to "assume parenthood without the daily assistance of his parents." Contrary to
Mother's contentions, the record demonstrates that the trial court considered the evidence
she presented on these matters. However, in considering these issues, the court did not find
the fact there is not a religious school close to Father's current residence or that Father has
never lived alone with I.M. and utilizes his own mother as a daycare provider to be
detrimental to Father's ability to parent or be named the custodian of the child. "It is the role
of the trial court to determine the relative weight to assign each factor, in relation to the
others, when determining the [child's] best interest." Ruble v. Ruble, 12th Dist. Madison No.
CA2010-09-019, 2011-Ohio-3350, ¶ 18. We will not second-guess the trial court's
determination of the weight to be given to these factors. See In re A.B., 2010-Ohio-2823 at ¶
35.
{¶ 23} Given the evidence presented, we find that the trial court did not abuse its
discretion in terminating the shared parenting plan and designating Father the residential -9- Warren CA2014-05-070
parent and legal custodian of the parties' minor child. The trial court's decision is supported
by competent, credible evidence. Accordingly, Mother's first and second assignments of
error are overruled.
{¶ 24} Judgment affirmed.
PIPER and M. POWELL, JJ., concur.
- 10 -