McSherry, C. J.,
delivered the opinion of the Court. There are two questions presented by this record. One is a question of equity pleading, and the other involves the merits of the controversy. The order appealed from was based exclusively on the technical ground raised by the first inquiry, but the appeal brings both before us for final decision. These two questions arose.in the following manner: Under the will of John D. Bowling an annuity of five thousand dollars was bequeathed to his wife, Elizabeth Bowling. He directed John Bowling, Joseph K. Roberts and Henry W. Clagett, trustees, to set apart and to hold in trust a sufficient portion of his estate to raise this annuity. He further provided by the residuary clause that upon the death of his widow, the corpus of the trust fund yielding this annuity should be divided amongst his children, to be held by or for them subject to the limi[40]*40tations prescribed with regard to other property devised and bequeathed to them respectively by antecedent clauses of his will. By one of these antecedent clauses —the sixth — there had been given to the same trustees considerable property to be held in trust for Mrs. Contee, one of the testator’s daughters, during her life, and there was superadded a power of appointment in her and a limitation over of the property to her children, upon her death, in default of the execution of that power. Both John Bowling and Joseph K. Roberts died and Henry W. Clagett became sole trustee under a decree passed by the Circuit Court for Prince George’s County in equity cause No. 1031 on the Equity Docket of that Court. When ultimatefy, in September, eighteen hundred and ninety-six, Henry W. Clagett, the sole and the surviving trustee, was forced to state an account, it was discovered that he was a defaulter to the Elizabeth Bowling trust fund, out of which the annuity issued, to the extent of forty-seven thousand eight hundred and seventy dollars; and that he was likewise a defaulter to the Mrs. Contee trust fund — the fund arising- under the sixth clause of the will — to the amount of thirteen thousand and sixty-nine dollars. John Bowling, the son of the testator John D. Bowling, and one of the trustees under his will, died sometime in the year eighteen hundred and eighty-seven, leaving a last will and testament under which his widow, Jemima Bowling, became entitled to that portion of the estate of John D. Bowling which had been devised and bequeathed to John Bowling both directly and under the residuary clause. In November, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven, after the death of John Bowling, Jemima Bowling, his widow and legatee and devisee, borrowed from Joseph K. Roberts and Henry W. Clagett, the then surviving trustees, the sum of three thousand dollars. Of this amount the sum of fifteen hundred dollars belonged to the trust estate of Mrs. Contee, under the sixth clause of John D. Bowling’s will, and the other sum of fifteen hundred dollars belonged to the Elizabeth Bowling trust fund. Two single bills, each for the sum of fifteen [41]*41hundred dollars and each payable in five years, were given by Jemima Bowling to the trustees. To secure the payment oí these two single bills she executed a mortgage upon real estate owned by her and previously acquired in the partition of her deceased father’s estate. These two single bills confessedly and incontrovertibly represented investments of trust funds. Mrs. Jemima Bowling had no interest whatever in the Contee trust funds. No part of those funds was payable to her in any contingency or under any circumstances. As legatee of her deceased husband she had a one-sixth interest in the Elizabeth Bowling trust funds. In October, eighteen hundred and ninety-three Mrs. Elizabeth Bowling died. Under John D. Bowling’s will the trust fund out of which the annuity issued was then distributable. In August, eighteen hundred and ninety-four, Mrs. Contee died without having executed her power of appointment, and the fund held by Clagett in trust during her life under the sixth clause of the will as well as one-sixth of the Elizabeth Bowling trust fund, ought then to have been distributed to Mrs. Contee’s children. Clagett, then being the sole trustee, was dilatory in making a settlement. Mrs. Jemima Bowling had married again, her second husband being Harry E. Quinn. Mrs. Jemima Bowling, then Mrs. Quinn, being indebted to both the Contee and to the Elizabeth Bowling trusts, and at the same time being entitled to a part of the latter trust funds under the will of her former husband, and Clagett failing to make a settlement, caused a petition to be prepared, addressed to the Judges of the Circuit Court for Prince George’s County. In that petition she set forth, that there was due to her as the widow and legatee of John Bowling a portion of the funds belonging to the Elizabeth Bowling trust, which portion was largely in excess of the amount due by her under the mortgage to the Contee and the Elizabeth Bowling trusts combined; and she prayed that Clagett might be empowered to release the three thousand dollar mortgage and charge the amount thereof against the funds in his hands payable to her out of the Elizabeth Bowling [42]*42trust funds. In other words, she asked that the mortgage securing the fifteen hundred dollars due to the Contee trust estate be released and that Clagett reimburse that estate out of the funds in his hands payable to Mrs. Quinn out of the totally independent Elizabeth Bowling trust estate. This petition was sworn to by Mrs. Quinn. Clagett subscribed his assent to the passage of the order prayed for, and on the fifth of May, eighteen hundred and ninety-four, Judge Crane signed an order authorizing Clagett to release the entire mortgage and “ to charge the amount secured by said mortgage against the portion or share coming to Jemima C. Quinn from said Henry W. Clagett, surviving trustee of Elizabeth Bowling, now deceased.” This petition, the affidavit thereto, the assent by Clagett and the Court’s order thereon were filed on May the eighth, eighteen hundred and ninety-four, in equity cause No. 1031 in the Circuit Court for Prince George’s County. This order was simply an ex parte order. The papers upon which it was founded were not filed before the order was obtained, and none of the beneficiaries of the Contee trust fund were notified or given an opportunity to be heard. The day following the date the order was filed Clagett executed a releasé of the three thousand dollar mortgage. The effect of this proceeding and the release, if sustained, is to destroy the fifteen hundred dollar mortgage security held by Clagett for the benefit of the Contee trust, and to substitute in its stead the personal liability of Clagett who at that time was hopelessly insolvent and besides was an actual defaulter to both trust estates. If the release stands Mrs. Quinn escapes paying back to the Contee trust fund the money she actually borrowed from it, though she has the means with which to'pay; and the Contee trust estate will be forced to seek'reimbursement from an utterly insolvent trustee; whilst Mrs. Quinn will realize in the final distribution of the Elizabeth Bowling trust funds a much larger share than any of the legatees under the residuary clause of John D. Bowling’s will.
When the next of kin of Mrs. Contee discovered what [43]*43had been done they filed on September the twentieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, in the same equity cause, No. 1031, a petition alleging that the order of May the fifth, eighteen hundred and ninety-four, directing Clagett to release the three thousand dollar mortgage had been improvidently passed and praying that it be rescinded and set aside.
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McSherry, C. J.,
delivered the opinion of the Court. There are two questions presented by this record. One is a question of equity pleading, and the other involves the merits of the controversy. The order appealed from was based exclusively on the technical ground raised by the first inquiry, but the appeal brings both before us for final decision. These two questions arose.in the following manner: Under the will of John D. Bowling an annuity of five thousand dollars was bequeathed to his wife, Elizabeth Bowling. He directed John Bowling, Joseph K. Roberts and Henry W. Clagett, trustees, to set apart and to hold in trust a sufficient portion of his estate to raise this annuity. He further provided by the residuary clause that upon the death of his widow, the corpus of the trust fund yielding this annuity should be divided amongst his children, to be held by or for them subject to the limi[40]*40tations prescribed with regard to other property devised and bequeathed to them respectively by antecedent clauses of his will. By one of these antecedent clauses —the sixth — there had been given to the same trustees considerable property to be held in trust for Mrs. Contee, one of the testator’s daughters, during her life, and there was superadded a power of appointment in her and a limitation over of the property to her children, upon her death, in default of the execution of that power. Both John Bowling and Joseph K. Roberts died and Henry W. Clagett became sole trustee under a decree passed by the Circuit Court for Prince George’s County in equity cause No. 1031 on the Equity Docket of that Court. When ultimatefy, in September, eighteen hundred and ninety-six, Henry W. Clagett, the sole and the surviving trustee, was forced to state an account, it was discovered that he was a defaulter to the Elizabeth Bowling trust fund, out of which the annuity issued, to the extent of forty-seven thousand eight hundred and seventy dollars; and that he was likewise a defaulter to the Mrs. Contee trust fund — the fund arising- under the sixth clause of the will — to the amount of thirteen thousand and sixty-nine dollars. John Bowling, the son of the testator John D. Bowling, and one of the trustees under his will, died sometime in the year eighteen hundred and eighty-seven, leaving a last will and testament under which his widow, Jemima Bowling, became entitled to that portion of the estate of John D. Bowling which had been devised and bequeathed to John Bowling both directly and under the residuary clause. In November, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven, after the death of John Bowling, Jemima Bowling, his widow and legatee and devisee, borrowed from Joseph K. Roberts and Henry W. Clagett, the then surviving trustees, the sum of three thousand dollars. Of this amount the sum of fifteen hundred dollars belonged to the trust estate of Mrs. Contee, under the sixth clause of John D. Bowling’s will, and the other sum of fifteen hundred dollars belonged to the Elizabeth Bowling trust fund. Two single bills, each for the sum of fifteen [41]*41hundred dollars and each payable in five years, were given by Jemima Bowling to the trustees. To secure the payment oí these two single bills she executed a mortgage upon real estate owned by her and previously acquired in the partition of her deceased father’s estate. These two single bills confessedly and incontrovertibly represented investments of trust funds. Mrs. Jemima Bowling had no interest whatever in the Contee trust funds. No part of those funds was payable to her in any contingency or under any circumstances. As legatee of her deceased husband she had a one-sixth interest in the Elizabeth Bowling trust funds. In October, eighteen hundred and ninety-three Mrs. Elizabeth Bowling died. Under John D. Bowling’s will the trust fund out of which the annuity issued was then distributable. In August, eighteen hundred and ninety-four, Mrs. Contee died without having executed her power of appointment, and the fund held by Clagett in trust during her life under the sixth clause of the will as well as one-sixth of the Elizabeth Bowling trust fund, ought then to have been distributed to Mrs. Contee’s children. Clagett, then being the sole trustee, was dilatory in making a settlement. Mrs. Jemima Bowling had married again, her second husband being Harry E. Quinn. Mrs. Jemima Bowling, then Mrs. Quinn, being indebted to both the Contee and to the Elizabeth Bowling trusts, and at the same time being entitled to a part of the latter trust funds under the will of her former husband, and Clagett failing to make a settlement, caused a petition to be prepared, addressed to the Judges of the Circuit Court for Prince George’s County. In that petition she set forth, that there was due to her as the widow and legatee of John Bowling a portion of the funds belonging to the Elizabeth Bowling trust, which portion was largely in excess of the amount due by her under the mortgage to the Contee and the Elizabeth Bowling trusts combined; and she prayed that Clagett might be empowered to release the three thousand dollar mortgage and charge the amount thereof against the funds in his hands payable to her out of the Elizabeth Bowling [42]*42trust funds. In other words, she asked that the mortgage securing the fifteen hundred dollars due to the Contee trust estate be released and that Clagett reimburse that estate out of the funds in his hands payable to Mrs. Quinn out of the totally independent Elizabeth Bowling trust estate. This petition was sworn to by Mrs. Quinn. Clagett subscribed his assent to the passage of the order prayed for, and on the fifth of May, eighteen hundred and ninety-four, Judge Crane signed an order authorizing Clagett to release the entire mortgage and “ to charge the amount secured by said mortgage against the portion or share coming to Jemima C. Quinn from said Henry W. Clagett, surviving trustee of Elizabeth Bowling, now deceased.” This petition, the affidavit thereto, the assent by Clagett and the Court’s order thereon were filed on May the eighth, eighteen hundred and ninety-four, in equity cause No. 1031 in the Circuit Court for Prince George’s County. This order was simply an ex parte order. The papers upon which it was founded were not filed before the order was obtained, and none of the beneficiaries of the Contee trust fund were notified or given an opportunity to be heard. The day following the date the order was filed Clagett executed a releasé of the three thousand dollar mortgage. The effect of this proceeding and the release, if sustained, is to destroy the fifteen hundred dollar mortgage security held by Clagett for the benefit of the Contee trust, and to substitute in its stead the personal liability of Clagett who at that time was hopelessly insolvent and besides was an actual defaulter to both trust estates. If the release stands Mrs. Quinn escapes paying back to the Contee trust fund the money she actually borrowed from it, though she has the means with which to'pay; and the Contee trust estate will be forced to seek'reimbursement from an utterly insolvent trustee; whilst Mrs. Quinn will realize in the final distribution of the Elizabeth Bowling trust funds a much larger share than any of the legatees under the residuary clause of John D. Bowling’s will.
When the next of kin of Mrs. Contee discovered what [43]*43had been done they filed on September the twentieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-five, in the same equity cause, No. 1031, a petition alleging that the order of May the fifth, eighteen hundred and ninety-four, directing Clagett to release the three thousand dollar mortgage had been improvidently passed and praying that it be rescinded and set aside. On February the twenty-eighth, eighteen hundred and ninety-six, an amended petition was filed seeking the same relief, but setting forth more in detail the grounds upon which the application was founded. It specifically charged that the order of May the fifth had been obtained without notice to the parties interested in the Contee trust funds, and that the petition upon which the order had been based was an imposition on the Court, and that no consideration had been paid or given for the release of the mortgage. There is no specific averment that the order of May the fifth had been procured by fraud, though it is alleged that the action of the trustee, Clagett, and of Mrs. Quinn resulted in a fraud upon the appellants. In due season an answer was filed by Mrs. Quinn and her husband, but a decree pro confesso was entered against Clagett. A general replication to the answer was put in and testimony was taken. Upon the hearing the petition was dismissed upon the sole ground “ that the proceedings should have been by original bill for fraud and not by petition.” From the order dismissing the petition this appeal was taken.
The first question with which we have to deal is whether the Court below was right in holding that the relief sought — the annulment of the order of May the fifth, eighteen hundred and ninety-four — :can only be granted or accorded under an original bill for fraud.
It must be remembered that the relief invoked is not founded on an averment that the order of May the fifth was procured by fraud. The averment of fraud has relation, not to the oblention of the order, but to its effect after it had been obtained. Neither is redress sought because of a mere error of law apparent on the face of the proceedings, nor because of new matter discovered [44]*44since the passage of the order. These observations are important in view of the fact that it is a thoroughly well settled doctrine of equity that in general a decree or decretal order, after enrolment, cannot be revised or annulled except by an original bill for fraud or by a bill of review. Being enrolled, a decree must ordinarily be allowed to stand for what it purports to be on its face, until reversed or revised in some more solemn manner than can be inaugurated by a mere petition. Miller’s Eq., sec. 287, and the authorities there cited. But this general rule is not without exceptions; and consequently there are some decrees and decretal orders that may be rescinded and annulled without the formality of a proceeding by original bill. Mr. Miller in his admirable work divides the exceptions into three groups, viz.: First, cases not heard upon the merits; Second, cases in which the circumstances are such as to satisfy the Court that the decree should be set aside; and Third, cases where the decree has been entered by surprise or mistake. Miller’s Eq., sec. 288. It is not deemed necessary to go into an examination of the numerous decisions that might be cited in support of these exceptions, but a few, by way of illustration, will be alluded to. Thus in First Nat. Bank v. Eccleston, 48 Md. 271, a bill was filed against husband and wife for the sale of real estate under a mortgage, and a decree pro confesso was passed after an order of publication. Subsequent to the enrolment of the decree the wife filed a petition praying that the enrolment be vacated and that she be allowed to answer the bill. It was held that “ where a decree has been passed by default without a hearing on the merits, a Court of Equity has power in the exercise of a sound discretion to vacate the enrolment in order to let in a meritorious defence, and this may be done upon petition without a bill of review or an original bill for fraud.” And so in Straus v. Rost, 67 Md. 465, after four years from the date of the order of ratification of an audit, an infant filed a petition in the case, praying- that the audits be rescinded and that he might be allowed his share in the estate. The petition did not attack the original [45]*45decree, nor impeach the title of the purchaser, nor assail the order of ratification on the ground of fraud. It was held that the remedy by petition was proper. In Thrustun v. Devecmon, 30 Md. 210, proceedings of an ex parte character had been taken and after the decree had been enrolled a petition was filed to vacate the enrolment on the ground of surprise, and asking to be let in to answer on the merits. There was no allegation of fraud. See Gechter v. Gechter, 51 Md. 190. It may be remarked in passing that in all instances falling within these exceptions the application is addressed to the sound legal discretion of the Court, though that discretion upon being exercised does not preclude an appeal from an order erroneously passed. First Nat. Bank v. Eccleston, supra.
The order of May the fifth was obviously, in so far as the beneficiaries under the Contee trust were concerned, purely ex parte. Not only was no notice given but no possible opportunity to be heard was afforded. The petition was not filed until after the order appended to it had been signed. Not only was it ex parte but its passage was a palpable surprise. Without notice or hearing of any kind its effect, if efficacious at all, is to. divest a right which never would or could have been divested in such a way had the parties directly interested been given a day in Court. That it is fatally erroneous is manifest. It depletes a trust fund of an investment without cause; and in fact releases Mrs. Quinn from the obligation to restore to the Contee trust estate not merely money which she owed to it, but money which she had actually borrowed from that estate. There was not the slightest justification for the passage of the order, and it cannot be doubted that the Judge who signed it never would have sanctioned it if he had been apprised of the fact that Clagett was, at the time, insolvent and a defaulter and that the cestuis que trustent were ignorant of the application made to him. There was, confessedly, no hearing on the merits of the petition on which the order was founded. The fact that it strips a trust fund of an investment without consideration and to [46]*46the certain prejudice and injury of that fund, conclusively demonstrates that it ought never to have been signed. The absence of notice in its obtention, and the manifest injustice of its effect point with unerring certainty to the mistake that was committed by its passage. It would be difficult to suggest a case combining more distinctly all three of the exceptions to the general rule; or one more strongly demanding the expunging or rescission of an improvident order.
This case is widely distinguishable from The United Lines Tel. Co. v. Stevens, 67 Md. 156, relied on in the opinion of the Court below. In that case it was decided that when an enrolled decree is assailed for fraud in its obtention the only procedure to which resort can be had for its annulment is an original bill for fraud. In the case at bar fraud is not made the basis of the petition— it is merely stated as the consequential result of the act done. In assuming the contrary view the learned Judge below fell into the error which led to the dismissal of the amended petition. The petition was not very artificially drawn, and singularly enough, as a result, the petitioner’s solicitors have treated it as an original bill for fraud, whilst the respondent’s solicitors claim that it is a petition alleging fraud. Looking to the substance rather than to the mere informal averments, we agree with neither contention. If it be an original bill it was’ improperly filed in the old equity case No. 1031 — it should have been the first step in an independent proceeding. But it is a petition and not an original bill. As, when rightly read, it does not seek to vacate the order of May the fifth on the ground of fraud practised in the obtention of that order, it was-properly filed in the original case and regularly brings- before us the propriety of the order which it assails. These observations dispose of the first of the two questions presented by the record.
But little, in addition, need be said with respect to the second. There was no warrant or authority of law for taking from the Contee trust fund fifteen hundred dollars confessedly belonging to it, to pay Mrs. Quinn [47]*47that much money due to her by Clagett out of the Elizabeth Bowling trust estate. Mrs. Quinn perfectly well knew that she owed fifteen hundred dollars to the Contee trust, and both she and Clagett were aware, or were bound to be aware, that she had no right to appropriate that money, thus due by her to others, to the payment in part of her share of a residuary legacy having no connection whatever with the Contee fund. The Circuit Court had no authority to empower the trustee, Clagett, to pay Mrs. Quinn her share of the Elizabeth Bowling trust funds with other funds belonging to a totally different trust estate. The diversion of these funds was a breach of trust committed by both Mrs. Quinn and Clagett, and the order of May the fifth, obtained as it was, whilst permitting it, does not and cannot legally sanction it. It makes no possible difference how much money was due by Clagett, trustee of the Elizabeth Bowling fund, to Airs. Quinn; he had no power to pay that debt with other and wholly different trust funds, and she had no right knowingly to receive payment through and by the release of a mortgage which secured a debt due by her to the Contee trust fund. She knew, or was bound to know, that the mortgage securing the Contee estate could not be lawfully released until she, the debtor, repaid the amount borrowed by her, and repaid it to the Contee fund. Eler complicity in the breach of trust, by means of which breach of trust the Contee fund was wrongfully depleted for her benefit, cannot be tolerated by a Court of Equity, but makes her, as well as the trustee, liable to restore to the Contee estate the amount improperly diverted from it. If she restores to that fund what she owes to it, she is not injured. She was a debtor to the Contee trust estate and she cannot be permitted to pay that debt by substituting for the mortgage which secured it, the personal liability of a defaulting and an insolvent trustee. It is wholly immaterial whether she knew or did not know that Clagett was insolvent. Her obligation was to pay the mortgage debt. That obligation has not been discharged, though she has sought to avoid discharging it by shifting the [48]*48liability from herself to Clagett who was her debtor, but that scheme cannot avail. As she has not discharged the debt she owed to the Contee estate, she still owes it. The release of the mortgage was ineffectual to exonerate her. It therefore follows that the order of May the fifth must be rescinded, the release of the mortgage must be cancelled and that Mrs. Quinn must pay the fifteen hundred dollars with interest to the Contee trust fund. The order appealed from dismissing the petition will consequently be reversed and the cause will be remanded that a new order conforming to this opinion may be passed.
(Decided June 28th, 1898.)
Order reversed with costs above and below, and cause remanded.