IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA FIFTH DISTRICT
INTERIM NON-DISPOSITIVE OPINION. NO MANDATE WILL BE ISSUED AT THIS TIME.
JOE MADL AND MELISSA MADL,
Appellants,
v. Case No. 5D16-53
WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A., AS TRUSTEE UNDER THE POOLING AND SERVICING AGREEMENT RELATING TO IMPAC SECURED ASSETS CORP., MORTGAGE PASS-THROUGH CERTIFICATES, SERIES 2005-2, ET AL.,
Appellees.
________________________________/
Opinion filed May 18, 2018
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Brevard County, Lisa Davidson, Judge.
Beau Bowin, of Bowin Law Group, Satellite Beach, for Appellants.
Adam Shamir, David S. Ehrlich, and Nicole R. Topper, of Blank Rome LLP, Fort Lauderdale, and Monika E. Siwiec, and Manuel S. Hiraldo, of Blank Rome LLP, Boca Raton, for Appellee, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., As Trustee Under the Pooling and Servicing Agreement Relating to Impac Secured Assets Corp, Mortgage Pass Through Certificates, Series 2005-2. Jacob A. Brainard, Scott C. Davis and Michael H. Casanover, of Business Law Group, P.A., Tampa, for Appellee, Suntree Master Homeowners Association, Inc.
No appearance for other Appellee.
EDWARDS, J.
ON MOTIONS FOR REHEARING, CERTIFICATION OF CONFLICT, AND RECONSIDERATION
Appellee, Wells Fargo, filed motions for rehearing, certification of conflict, and
reconsideration, in which it argues, in part, that we erred in granting Appellants’ motion
for attorney’s fees pursuant to the mortgage and section 57.105(7), Florida Statutes
(2015). Because there was a contractual relationship between the parties and Appellants
are the prevailing parties, they are entitled to attorney’s fees in accordance with the
mortgage and section 57.105(7). As discussed in more detail below, we deny Appellee’s
motions concerning the award of attorney’s fees to Appellants.1 Appellee has also filed
a motion for rehearing en banc, which is denied by a separate order.
Under current Florida law, the plaintiff in a mortgage foreclosure suit must prove
that it has standing both at the time suit is filed and at the time of trial; failure to have
standing at either time requires dismissal of the suit. See McLean v. JP Morgan Chase
Bank Nat’l Ass’n, 79 So. 3d 170, 173 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012). Appellee claimed to be the
holder of the note, and thus entitled to sue. However, Appellee’s proof was lacking
1 We deny the balance of Appellee’s motions for rehearing, certification of conflict, and reconsideration. In its motions, Appellee has improperly re-argued its case and has taken literary license with the facts established by the record, conduct that may result in the imposition of sanctions in the future if counsel chooses to repeat this behavior. See Boardwalk at Daytona Dev., LLC v. Paspalakis, 212 So. 3d 1063 (Fla. 5th DCA 2017).
2 because: (1) the copy of the note attached to the complaint was not indorsed either in
blank or to Appellee; (2) Appellee and its counsel had been searching for the note for a
period of years that extended beyond the initiation of this suit; and (3) the note was
ultimately delivered by Deutsche Bank, who had sued Appellants and claimed to be the
holder of the same note, to Appellee five years after this suit was filed, but while it was
still pending. Deutsche Bank dismissed its foreclosure suit against Appellants after
Appellee had filed the underlying suit. Based upon this remarkable combination of facts,
we found that Appellee lacked standing when it filed suit. However, it did appear to have
standing by the time of trial as a result of Deutsche Bank’s unexplained delivery of the
allegedly original note. Unlike the copy attached to the complaint, the “original” note bore
an indorsement in blank, the timing of which was not explained.
We also determined that Appellee failed to prove that it or anyone acting on its
behalf provided Appellants with notice of default and intent to accelerate, a condition
precedent to foreclose. Accordingly, because of a lack of standing and a lack of proving
compliance with a condition precedent, we reversed the judgment in favor of Appellee
and instructed the trial court to involuntarily dismiss the case. Thus, Appellants are
prevailing parties.
Appellants’ mortgage had been assigned to Appellee. Like many others, the
subject mortgage provides that only the lender is entitled to recover its litigation and
appellate attorney’s fees incurred in successful collection or foreclosure actions. See Fla.
Cmty. Bank v. Red Rd. Residential, LLC, 197 So. 3d 1112, 1114 (Fla. 3d DCA 2016).
“[B]y operation of law, section 57.105(7) bestows on the other party to the contract[—the
borrower—]the same entitlement to prevailing party fees.” Id. at 1115. Section 57.105(7)
3 transforms a unilateral right into a reciprocal right so that all parties to the contract are
entitled to recover attorney’s fees upon prevailing. HFC Collection Ctr., Inc. v. Alexander,
190 So. 3d 1114, 1116 (Fla. 5th DCA 2016).
In order to obtain prevailing party fees pursuant to section 57.105(7), the moving
party must prove three requirements: 1) the contract provides for prevailing party fees, 2)
both the movant and opponent are parties to that contract, and 3) the movant prevailed.
See Nationstar Mortg. LLC v. Glass, 219 So. 3d 896, 898 (Fla. 4th DCA 2017) (en banc);
Fla. Cmty. Bank, 197 So. 3d at 1115. First, as noted above, the Appellants’ mortgage
contains the prevailing party fee provisions. Second, by virtue of the assignment and the
indorsement, Appellee joined Appellants, the original mortgagors, as parties to the
contract. Third, Appellants prevailed on appeal, resulting in dismissal of the underlying
lawsuit. Having satisfied all three requirements, Appellants are entitled to recover their
attorney’s fees and expenses from Appellee.
Conversely, section 57.105(7) cannot support an award of fees in favor of parties
who are strangers to the contract or where a contract never existed. See Fla. Cmty. Bank,
197 So. 3d at 1115 (defendant whose signature was forged on mortgage cannot recover
fees; not party to the contract); Bank of N.Y. Mellon v. Mestre, 159 So. 3d 953, 956–57
(Fla. 5th DCA 2015) (defendants not entitled to fees where their signatures were forged
on mortgage being foreclosed because not parties to contract). Nor can section 57.105(7)
be employed to impose fees on a non-party to the contract. See Bank of N.Y. Mellon Tr.
Co. v. Fitzgerald, 215 So. 3d 116, 121 (Fla. 3d DCA 2017) (defendant borrowers not
entitled to fees under section 57.105(7) after proving mortgage never assigned and note
never delivered to plaintiff); HFC Collection Ctr., Inc., 190 So. 3d at 1117 (defendant not
4 entitled to fees under section 57.105(7) after proving that her credit card agreement and
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IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA FIFTH DISTRICT
INTERIM NON-DISPOSITIVE OPINION. NO MANDATE WILL BE ISSUED AT THIS TIME.
JOE MADL AND MELISSA MADL,
Appellants,
v. Case No. 5D16-53
WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A., AS TRUSTEE UNDER THE POOLING AND SERVICING AGREEMENT RELATING TO IMPAC SECURED ASSETS CORP., MORTGAGE PASS-THROUGH CERTIFICATES, SERIES 2005-2, ET AL.,
Appellees.
________________________________/
Opinion filed May 18, 2018
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Brevard County, Lisa Davidson, Judge.
Beau Bowin, of Bowin Law Group, Satellite Beach, for Appellants.
Adam Shamir, David S. Ehrlich, and Nicole R. Topper, of Blank Rome LLP, Fort Lauderdale, and Monika E. Siwiec, and Manuel S. Hiraldo, of Blank Rome LLP, Boca Raton, for Appellee, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., As Trustee Under the Pooling and Servicing Agreement Relating to Impac Secured Assets Corp, Mortgage Pass Through Certificates, Series 2005-2. Jacob A. Brainard, Scott C. Davis and Michael H. Casanover, of Business Law Group, P.A., Tampa, for Appellee, Suntree Master Homeowners Association, Inc.
No appearance for other Appellee.
EDWARDS, J.
ON MOTIONS FOR REHEARING, CERTIFICATION OF CONFLICT, AND RECONSIDERATION
Appellee, Wells Fargo, filed motions for rehearing, certification of conflict, and
reconsideration, in which it argues, in part, that we erred in granting Appellants’ motion
for attorney’s fees pursuant to the mortgage and section 57.105(7), Florida Statutes
(2015). Because there was a contractual relationship between the parties and Appellants
are the prevailing parties, they are entitled to attorney’s fees in accordance with the
mortgage and section 57.105(7). As discussed in more detail below, we deny Appellee’s
motions concerning the award of attorney’s fees to Appellants.1 Appellee has also filed
a motion for rehearing en banc, which is denied by a separate order.
Under current Florida law, the plaintiff in a mortgage foreclosure suit must prove
that it has standing both at the time suit is filed and at the time of trial; failure to have
standing at either time requires dismissal of the suit. See McLean v. JP Morgan Chase
Bank Nat’l Ass’n, 79 So. 3d 170, 173 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012). Appellee claimed to be the
holder of the note, and thus entitled to sue. However, Appellee’s proof was lacking
1 We deny the balance of Appellee’s motions for rehearing, certification of conflict, and reconsideration. In its motions, Appellee has improperly re-argued its case and has taken literary license with the facts established by the record, conduct that may result in the imposition of sanctions in the future if counsel chooses to repeat this behavior. See Boardwalk at Daytona Dev., LLC v. Paspalakis, 212 So. 3d 1063 (Fla. 5th DCA 2017).
2 because: (1) the copy of the note attached to the complaint was not indorsed either in
blank or to Appellee; (2) Appellee and its counsel had been searching for the note for a
period of years that extended beyond the initiation of this suit; and (3) the note was
ultimately delivered by Deutsche Bank, who had sued Appellants and claimed to be the
holder of the same note, to Appellee five years after this suit was filed, but while it was
still pending. Deutsche Bank dismissed its foreclosure suit against Appellants after
Appellee had filed the underlying suit. Based upon this remarkable combination of facts,
we found that Appellee lacked standing when it filed suit. However, it did appear to have
standing by the time of trial as a result of Deutsche Bank’s unexplained delivery of the
allegedly original note. Unlike the copy attached to the complaint, the “original” note bore
an indorsement in blank, the timing of which was not explained.
We also determined that Appellee failed to prove that it or anyone acting on its
behalf provided Appellants with notice of default and intent to accelerate, a condition
precedent to foreclose. Accordingly, because of a lack of standing and a lack of proving
compliance with a condition precedent, we reversed the judgment in favor of Appellee
and instructed the trial court to involuntarily dismiss the case. Thus, Appellants are
prevailing parties.
Appellants’ mortgage had been assigned to Appellee. Like many others, the
subject mortgage provides that only the lender is entitled to recover its litigation and
appellate attorney’s fees incurred in successful collection or foreclosure actions. See Fla.
Cmty. Bank v. Red Rd. Residential, LLC, 197 So. 3d 1112, 1114 (Fla. 3d DCA 2016).
“[B]y operation of law, section 57.105(7) bestows on the other party to the contract[—the
borrower—]the same entitlement to prevailing party fees.” Id. at 1115. Section 57.105(7)
3 transforms a unilateral right into a reciprocal right so that all parties to the contract are
entitled to recover attorney’s fees upon prevailing. HFC Collection Ctr., Inc. v. Alexander,
190 So. 3d 1114, 1116 (Fla. 5th DCA 2016).
In order to obtain prevailing party fees pursuant to section 57.105(7), the moving
party must prove three requirements: 1) the contract provides for prevailing party fees, 2)
both the movant and opponent are parties to that contract, and 3) the movant prevailed.
See Nationstar Mortg. LLC v. Glass, 219 So. 3d 896, 898 (Fla. 4th DCA 2017) (en banc);
Fla. Cmty. Bank, 197 So. 3d at 1115. First, as noted above, the Appellants’ mortgage
contains the prevailing party fee provisions. Second, by virtue of the assignment and the
indorsement, Appellee joined Appellants, the original mortgagors, as parties to the
contract. Third, Appellants prevailed on appeal, resulting in dismissal of the underlying
lawsuit. Having satisfied all three requirements, Appellants are entitled to recover their
attorney’s fees and expenses from Appellee.
Conversely, section 57.105(7) cannot support an award of fees in favor of parties
who are strangers to the contract or where a contract never existed. See Fla. Cmty. Bank,
197 So. 3d at 1115 (defendant whose signature was forged on mortgage cannot recover
fees; not party to the contract); Bank of N.Y. Mellon v. Mestre, 159 So. 3d 953, 956–57
(Fla. 5th DCA 2015) (defendants not entitled to fees where their signatures were forged
on mortgage being foreclosed because not parties to contract). Nor can section 57.105(7)
be employed to impose fees on a non-party to the contract. See Bank of N.Y. Mellon Tr.
Co. v. Fitzgerald, 215 So. 3d 116, 121 (Fla. 3d DCA 2017) (defendant borrowers not
entitled to fees under section 57.105(7) after proving mortgage never assigned and note
never delivered to plaintiff); HFC Collection Ctr., Inc., 190 So. 3d at 1117 (defendant not
4 entitled to fees under section 57.105(7) after proving that her credit card agreement and
debt were never assigned to plaintiff.) Reciprocity under section 57.105(7) is available
only when, as here, both sides are parties to the contract. Given the lack of contractual
mutuality in the just-discussed cases, they do not support Appellee’s position.
Appellee relies upon cases from the Fourth District Court of Appeal, which on their
face stand for the proposition that a foreclosure plaintiff’s lack of standing automatically
forecloses application of section 57.105(7). In Glass, the fourth district broadly stated
that “[a] party that prevails on its argument that dismissal is required because the plaintiff
lacked standing to sue upon the [mortgage] contract cannot recover fees based upon a
[fee] provision in that same contract.” 219 So. 3d at 899. The Glass opinion does not
disclose whether there was or was not any contractual relationship between those parties
or whether the plaintiff had standing at the time of trial; thus, we have no basis to agree
or disagree with the outcome. Appellee’s reference to the fourth district’s decision in
GMAC Mortgage, LLC v. Wallach, 231 So. 3d 3 (Fla. 4th DCA 2017), sheds no light on
the subject as the two-sentence opinion does not discuss the existence vel non of any
contractual relationship between the parties.
Appellee also relies upon the fourth district’s opinion Christiana Trust v. Rushlow,
231 So. 3d 558 (Fla. 4th DCA 2017), in which it reversed, citing to Glass, the trial court’s
award of attorney’s fees to defendant pursuant to section 57.105(7) after finding that
plaintiff lacked standing “both at the initiation of suit and at trial.” Id. at 559. Rushlow
appears to be consistent with those cases in which, unlike here, there “is no contract
between the parties, which would entitle one to recover attorney’s fees in the first place,
[thus] ‘there is no basis to invoke the compelled mutuality provisions’ of § 57.105(7).”
5 HFC Collection Ctr., Inc., 190 So. 3d at 1117 (quoting Fla. Med. Ctr., Inc. v. McCoy, 657
So. 2d 1248, 1252 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995)). Thus, we find no conflict between our decision
and Rushlow.
Accordingly, Appellee’s motions for rehearing, certification, and reconsideration
are denied.
ORFINGER and WALLIS, JJ., concur.