Maddox v. Cohn

36 A.3d 426, 424 Md. 379, 2012 WL 178023, 2012 Md. LEXIS 10
CourtCourt of Appeals of Maryland
DecidedJanuary 24, 2012
DocketNo. 55
StatusPublished
Cited by12 cases

This text of 36 A.3d 426 (Maddox v. Cohn) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Maryland primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Maddox v. Cohn, 36 A.3d 426, 424 Md. 379, 2012 WL 178023, 2012 Md. LEXIS 10 (Md. 2012).

Opinions

DALE R. CATHELL, J.

(Retired, specially assigned).

This case arises out of a mortgage foreclosure proceeding involving a residential home in Wicomico County. In the advertisement for the sale, the trustees included an additional condition not found in the mortgage documents or authorized by the Maryland Rules that any successful purchaser at the sale would be required to pay the legal fees of attorneys who would be utilized to review the documents on behalf of the trustees by which they would hold settlement and ultimately convey title. This additional charge would not be included as a cost in the foreclosure proceeding and would not normally be subject to court review or audit. It was argued, without contest by the trustees, appellees here, that such practice has become common throughout the state by one or more law firms that specialize in foreclosure practice.1 At the sale sub [382]*382judice, the property was acquired by the lender or its representatives and, thus the fee called for in the advertisement was unlikely to have been paid even if it had been due.

The homeowner opposed the ratification of the sale by excepting to the Report of Sale on the ground that the imposition of a fee not provided for by the Maryland Rules or local rule and not subject to audit was improper and caused the sale not to be “fairly and properly” made.

The trial court found in relevant part that “the imposition of the fee to review the very documents that has been charged by the Court to convey at a public sale, a fee outside of those approved by the Court for identical work required by the appointment of the Court, would be improper.” Nonetheless, the trial court found that the imposition of the fee did not make the sale unfair or improper and ratified the sale.2 Upon motion, the trial court ordered a stay of the Order of Ratification pending appeal.

An appeal was taken to the Court of Special Appeals. That court, in a reported opinion, affirmed the position taken by the trial judge, Maddox v. Cohn, 199 Md.App. 63, 20 A.3d 153 (2011). It summarized its holding as follows:

“In this case, we have been asked to invalidate what appears to be a routine practice in some parts of Maryland of requiring a successful third-party bidder at a foreclosure sale to pay the trustees, who have been compensated by the court, an additional fee of $295 as an attorney’s fee for review of settlement documents. We agree with the Circuit Court ... that the imposition of the fee is improper because there is no explicit provision in the statute, Maryland Rule, local rule, or in the debt instrument itself authorizing this charge. [Emphasis added.] Although we find that such a [383]*383fee would have been improper had it been imposed, it was not charged in this case

199 Md.App. at 67, 20 A.3d at 155

After the opinion of the Court of Special Appeals was filed, appellant filed a Petition for Certiorari with this Court. The issue presented in this petition was framed as follows:

“2. The case presents questions which have not heretofore been addressed by the Court of Appeals in cases involving foreclosures. And, in the wake of the reported opinion of the Court of Special Appeals, and even more compelling question is presented with respect to an inconsistent burden of proof in cases of noncompliance with applicable rules versus imposition of fees or requirements not authorized by the rules and which are “improper.”

The questions arising out of that issue were stated in the petition as follows:

“a. May a substitute trustee under a Deed of Trust filed for foreclosure, without court approval, authorization or scrutiny, unilaterally require that, in order to bid on property at the sale, the successful bidder agree to pay to the Substitute Trustee’s attorney, i.e. the Trustee or the Trus[384]*384tee’s law firm, a stipulated fee ostensibly for review of the settlement documents?
b. Can a foreclosure sale be “properly made” if the Substitute Trustee imposes an improper condition on the successful bidder, i.e., the payment of a fee to the Trustee’s attorney, which is not authorized by the Maryland Rules of Procedure or the debt instrument?
c. If a foreclosure sale is not “properly made” because of the imposition by the Substitute Trustee of an improper condition on the successful bidder, is the burden of proof on the Defendant/Mortgagor to prove the prospective bidders were discouraged from attending the sale in order to establish that the sale was not “fairly and properly” made?
d. Is the burden of proof different when the Substitute Trustee fails to comply with the rules of procedure governing foreclosure sales as opposed to when he/she imposes requirements or conditions which are not authorized by the rules and which are improper?”

We granted the Petition for Writ of Certiorari in respect to all the questions presented. Maddox v. Cohn, 421 Md. 192, 25 A.3d 1025 (2011). Because we answer questions a and b above in the negative and reverse on that basis, it -will not be necessary to directly address questions c and d.

Discussion

Policy Issues

In Simard v. White, 383 Md. 257, 859 A.2d 168 (2004), we tracked the evolution of mortgages from ancient days to the present, from the era of strict mortgages to the present time with its host of protections for mortgagors. While we found that the specific common law issue raised by the parties in Simard did not actually exist, id. at 307, 859 A.2d at 197-198, we identified the question presented as “Whether parties to a power of sale foreclosure may ‘contract out’ the common law rule that the defaulting purchaser is entitled to any surplus proceeds of resale by placing such a provision in the advertisement of sale?” Id. at 262, 859 A.2d at 171. In the present [385]*385case, the position of the appellees appears similar in that they have created an extra condition, i.e., the requirement that the purchaser at a foreclosure sale must pay additional legal fees incurred by the trustees for which the trustees are already being compensated consistent with the rules applicable to foreclosure sales. Appellees are attempting to ‘contract out’ a requirement not contemplated by the rules or statutes. Appellees relied on the fact that the extra fee requirement was advertised as providing authority for the trustees’ exercise of discretion in demanding the fee.

We noted in Simará, supra, that:

“ ‘Courts of equity in England recognized and enforced these powers. The great objection to them was that they committed a power to the mortgagee which was not compatible with his relation to the mortgagor.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Yacko v. Mitchell
249 Md. App. 640 (Court of Special Appeals of Maryland, 2021)
Daughtry v. Nadel
242 A.3d 1158 (Court of Special Appeals of Maryland, 2020)
Huertas v. Ward
238 Md. App. 187 (Court of Special Appeals of Maryland, 2020)
Hood v. Driscoll
135 A.3d 909 (Court of Special Appeals of Maryland, 2016)
Granados v. Nadel
104 A.3d 921 (Court of Special Appeals of Maryland, 2014)
Bank of New York Mellon v. Nagaraj
105 A.3d 1044 (Court of Special Appeals of Maryland, 2014)
101 Geneva LLC v. Wynn
77 A.3d 1064 (Court of Appeals of Maryland, 2013)
Shepherd v. Burson
50 A.3d 567 (Court of Appeals of Maryland, 2012)
Svrcek v. Rosenberg
40 A.3d 494 (Court of Special Appeals of Maryland, 2012)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
36 A.3d 426, 424 Md. 379, 2012 WL 178023, 2012 Md. LEXIS 10, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/maddox-v-cohn-md-2012.