M.A. v. Commonwealth of Kentucky via the Cabinet for Health and Family Services

• Court: Court of Appeals of Kentucky
• Decided: March 28, 2025
• Docket: 2024-CA-0570, 0573, 0574
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

RENDERED: MARCH 28, 2025; 10:00 A.M. NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

Commonwealth of Kentucky Court of Appeals NO. 2024-CA-0570-ME

M.A. APPELLANT

APPEAL FROM MCCRACKEN CIRCUIT COURT, v. FAMILY COURT DIVISION HONORABLE DEANNA WISE HENSCHEL, JUDGE ACTION NO. 23-AD-00011

COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY VIA THE CABINET FOR HEALTH AND FAMILY SERVICES; A.W.; AND M.M.A., A CHILD APPELLEES

AND

NO. 2024-CA-0573-ME

APPEAL FROM MCCRACKEN CIRCUIT COURT, v. FAMILY COURT DIVISION HONORABLE DEANNA WISE HENSCHEL, JUDGE ACTION NO. 23-AD-00012

COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY VIA THE CABINET FOR HEALTH AND FAMILY SERVICES; A.V.; AND C.C.A., A CHILD APPELLEES

NO. 2024-CA-0574-ME

APPEAL FROM MCCRACKEN CIRCUIT COURT, v. FAMILY COURT DIVISION HONORABLE DEANNA WISE HENSCHEL, JUDGE ACTION NO. 23-AD-00013

COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY VIA THE CABINET FOR HEALTH AND FAMILY SERVICES; A.V.; AND K.K.A., A CHILD APPELLEES

OPINION AFFIRMING

** ** ** ** **

BEFORE: THOMPSON, CHIEF JUDGE; KAREM AND TAYLOR, JUDGES.

THOMPSON, CHIEF JUDGE: M.A. (hereinafter referred to as Mother) appeals

from orders of the McCracken Circuit Court, Family Court Division, which

terminated her parental rights to her three children.1 Mother claims that she was

1 Because this case concerns the termination of parental rights to minor children, we will not refer to the parties by their names in order to protect the privacy of the children.

-2- denied due process because she did not have an attorney during her termination of

parental rights hearing. We find no error and affirm.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

Mother’s termination of parental rights hearing was held on August

31, 2023, and Mother was represented by a court appointed attorney. At the

beginning of the hearing, Mother requested a continuance in order to obtain some

of her children’s medical records she had not yet received. The trial court denied

the motion to continue, but set another hearing date for October 26, 2023, to allow

Mother to obtain the records and present them. Mother also had an expert witness

she wanted to testify who was unavailable for the August hearing and the court

held that the expert could also testify at the new October hearing. Shortly after this

exchange, Mother informed the trial court that she did not wish for her appointed

attorney to represent her, and she stated that she wished to proceed pro se. Mother

did not ask for a new attorney or request a continuance in order to find another

attorney.

The trial court questioned Mother about her request. Ultimately the

court allowed Mother to represent herself but ordered that Mother’s attorney

remain for the hearing in order to assist Mother. The hearing then proceeded as

planned. Mother predominantly represented herself during the hearing but would

sometimes confer with her attorney. Her attorney also questioned witnesses and

-3- helped Mother present exhibits. During the second hearing in October, Mother

was represented by retained counsel. On October 30, 2023, the trial court entered

orders terminating Mother’s parental rights to her three children. This appeal

followed.

ANALYSIS

Mother argues on appeal that she was denied due process because she

was not represented by an attorney during the termination of parental rights

hearing.

The law in this Commonwealth is that the due process clause, and KRS[2] 625.080(3) and 620.100(1) require that the parental rights of a child not be terminated unless the parent has been represented by counsel at every critical stage of the proceedings. This includes all critical stages of an underlying dependency proceeding in district court. R.V. v. Com., Dept. for Health and Family Services, 242 S.W.3d 669, 673 (Ky. App. 2007).

It is logical that the parent’s right to counsel includes effective representation. However, it does not derive from the Sixth Amendment nor can RCr[3] 11.42 be invoked. We hold that if counsel’s errors were so serious that it is apparent from the record that the parent was denied a fair and meaningful opportunity to be heard so that due process was denied, this Court will consider a claim that counsel was ineffective.

2 Kentucky Revised Statutes. 3 Kentucky Rules of Criminal Procedure.

-4- Z.T. v. M.T., 258 S.W.3d 31, 36 (Ky. App. 2008).

Appellant argues that she was denied a meaningful opportunity to be

heard because she was not represented by counsel during the August hearing, and

she needed more time to prepare her pro se defense. Appellant relies heavily on

the case of T.T. v. Cabinet for Health and Family Services, No. 2022-CA-0785-

ME, 2023 WL 1871012 (Ky. App. Feb. 10, 2023), to support her argument. In

T.T., Father was incarcerated when the Cabinet petitioned to terminate his parental

rights to his child. Father had appointed counsel and at the start of the termination

hearing, Father fired his counsel. The court dismissed Father’s counsel and Father

proceeded pro se; however, he did not have any witnesses present. There was no

discussion of a possible continuance.

After the hearing, new counsel appeared for Father and made a motion

opposing the termination. This attorney argued that Father was not made aware of

the hearing until he was taken from his jail cell to the courthouse; therefore, he did

not have an opportunity to present witnesses. The trial court did not rule on that

motion, but did enter an order terminating Father’s parental rights. Father then

appealed to this Court and argued that his due process rights were violated because

he was not informed of the termination hearing, was not able to present any

witnesses, and did not meet with his appointed attorney until a few minutes before

the hearing.

-5- The Court reversed the termination of Father’s parental rights and

remanded for a new hearing. The Court held that there was no evidence in the

record that Father was given notice of the hearing prior to the day of the hearing, or

that appointed counsel contacted any witnesses on Father’s behalf. Id. at *4. The

Court acknowledged Father’s firing of his attorney is probably why the record

contained no evidence of these facts, but the Court felt it prudent to reverse and

remand in order to ensure all due process was afforded to Father and he be given a

meaningful chance to be heard. Id.

The case at hand is different from T.T. Here, Mother requested that

she be allowed to represent herself and the court allowed such; however, Mother’s

counsel was not dismissed. Counsel remained at Mother’s table and assisted

Mother in the case. Mother’s counsel questioned some witnesses, helped introduce

exhibits, and generally conferred with Mother. Mother also had witnesses and

evidence to present. This is in stark contrast to counsel in T.T. being dismissed,

Father fully acting pro se, and Father presenting no witness testimony.

Additionally, we also note that Mother did not ask for a continuance to find new

counsel and did not request new counsel be appointed.

CONCLUSION

Based on the foregoing, we find no error and affirm. Mother was

assisted by counsel during her hearing and Mother presented evidence to the court;

-6- therefore, we believe she had a meaningful opportunity to be heard, and her due

process rights were not violated.4

ALL CONCUR.

BRIEFS FOR APPELLANT: BRIEF FOR APPELLEE COMMONWEALTH OF Bethanni E. Forbush-Moss KENTUCKY, CABINET FOR Louisville, Kentucky HEALTH AND FAMILY SERVICES:

Kevin Martz Covington, Kentucky

4 Mother raised no arguments on appeal regarding the sufficiency of the proof relied upon by the trial court in terminating her parental rights.

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