The opinion of the Court was delivered by
Mr. Chiee Justice McIver.
The two plaintiffs in this case, being separate and distinct mercantile firms, claiming to be creditors of the defendant, John H. Powers, who up to the 13th of December, 1899, was engaged in the mercantile business in the city of Laurens, united in this action, which was commenced on the 20th of December, 1899, for the purposes hereinafter stated. No question seems to have been raised as to the propriety of these two plaintiffs thus uniting in this action, and hence we say nothing as to that. The object of the action will best be disclosed by a copy of the complaint, which was verified, as set out in the “Case,” and for this reason the reporter will incorporate the same in his report of the case. It will be convenient, however, to state, in general terms, that the action seems to have been for a two-fold purpose: 1st. To obtain judgment 'against the defendant, Powers, in favor of the several plaintiffs, for the amounts alleged to be due them respectively. 2d. To set aside an assignment or transfer by the defendant, Powers, to his codefendant, Fowler, of his entire stock of goods, for the purpose of applying the same to the payment of certain debts alleged to have been due to the said Fowler and certain other specified persons, by the said Powers, because such assignment or transfer was void under the assignment act, as well as under the Statute of Elizabeth. “At the time of commencing the action, a warrant of attachment was obtained from the clerk, which was duly served on both Powers and Fowler, at the time of the serving of the summons and complaint. Copies of the affidavits on which the warrant was issued were also served on said parties, and the originals filed in the clerk’s office.” In this quotation from the “Case,” it is not stated when these copies of affidavits were served, or when the originals were filed in the- clerk’s office; but those facts, it is claimed, will appear in the affidavit of the clerk, which will hereinafter be referred to. Soon thereafter the defendants moved before his Honor, Judge Buchanan, to vacate said attachment upon the follow
ing grounds: “ist. Because the original affidavits upon which the warrant of attachment is based were not filed in the clerk’s office at the time'of the issuing of the warrant, as required by law. 2d. Because the bond is not signed by plaintiffs. 3d. Because the affidavits are insufficient, in that they fail to state any facts going to show a fraudulent disposal of property or a fraudulent assignment of property, such as is contemplated by the attachment act. 4th. Because the affidavits, fail to state facts showing any fraud at all on the part of defendants. 5th. Because an attachment will not lie in this action.” On the 8th of January, 1900, the Circuit Judge granted an order setting aside the attachment, a copy of which is set out in the “Case,” which should be likewise incorporated in the report of this case.
From this order plaintiffs appeal upon the several grounds set out in the record, which need not be stated here, as they make, substantially, but two questions: ist. Whether the action, in aid of which the attachment was issued, was for equitable relief only. 2d. Whether in such an action a warrant of attachment can be issued.
The defendants, in accordance with the proper practice, have given notice that, in case this Court should be unable to sustain the order of Judge Buchanan on the ground upon which he rested his conclusion, they would ask this Court to sustain said order upon the four first grounds upon which they rested their motion to vacate the attachment, which are set out above.
1
Our first inquiry, then, is whether this was an action for equitable relief only. It is well settled, under the Code of Procedure, that a plaintiff may unite in the same complaint both legal and equitable causes of action — and that is exactly what was done in this case. The complaint sets out .a cause of action for goods sold and delivered by the plaintiffs to the defendant, Powers, and demands judgment against him for the amount thereof — and this is, surely, nothing but a legal cause of action, pure and simple; without any feature of equitable cognizance. It is true, that
there is another cause of action set out in the complaint, against both of the defendants, which is of an equitable character, to wit: that upon which the relief demanded is that the assignment by John H. Powers to his codefendant, John W. Fowler, of his entire stock of goods, should be set aside, but that does not invest the whole action with the character of an equitable action; for if, upon the trial, the plaintiffs shall fail to establish their equitable, cause of action, that would not prevent them from obtaining judgment against Powers, if they shall establish their claims for goods sold and delivered. In the case of
Magruder
v.
Clayton,
29 S. C., 407, that was the result in just such a case as this. See, also,
Adler
v.
Cloud,
42 S. C., 272, to the same effect. In both of those cases the actions were brought for the double purpose of setting aside certain assignments and transfers of property, and at the same time for the purpose of obtaining judgments against the debtor on the claims alleged to be due to the plaintiffs; and in both of the cases, after the plaintiffs had failed to establish their equitable cause of action, their right to establish their legal cause of action was distinctly and fully recognized. See, also, to the same effect,
Bank
v.
Stelling,
31 S. C., 360. It seems to us, therefore, that the Circuit Judge was in error in holding that this was an action for equitable relief only, and, therefore, not such an action as would enable the plaintiffs to resort to the remedy by attachment. For, as we have seen, the action was founded upon two causes of action — one of a purely legal character and the other equitable in its character; and hence there was error in setting aside the attachment on that ground only. Under this view, it becomes unnecessary to consider' the question whether an attachment can be resorted to, in an action of purely equitable cognizance, as this is not such an action and, therefore, no such question can arise in this case.
2
We will next proceed to consider the additional grounds relied upon by the defendants to sustain the order appealed from. 1st. This ground is based upon the theory that the
law requires that the original affidavits, upon which the warrant of attachment is based, should be filed in the clerk’s office
at the time of issuing the warrant.
The law upon this subject is to be found in sec.
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The opinion of the Court was delivered by
Mr. Chiee Justice McIver.
The two plaintiffs in this case, being separate and distinct mercantile firms, claiming to be creditors of the defendant, John H. Powers, who up to the 13th of December, 1899, was engaged in the mercantile business in the city of Laurens, united in this action, which was commenced on the 20th of December, 1899, for the purposes hereinafter stated. No question seems to have been raised as to the propriety of these two plaintiffs thus uniting in this action, and hence we say nothing as to that. The object of the action will best be disclosed by a copy of the complaint, which was verified, as set out in the “Case,” and for this reason the reporter will incorporate the same in his report of the case. It will be convenient, however, to state, in general terms, that the action seems to have been for a two-fold purpose: 1st. To obtain judgment 'against the defendant, Powers, in favor of the several plaintiffs, for the amounts alleged to be due them respectively. 2d. To set aside an assignment or transfer by the defendant, Powers, to his codefendant, Fowler, of his entire stock of goods, for the purpose of applying the same to the payment of certain debts alleged to have been due to the said Fowler and certain other specified persons, by the said Powers, because such assignment or transfer was void under the assignment act, as well as under the Statute of Elizabeth. “At the time of commencing the action, a warrant of attachment was obtained from the clerk, which was duly served on both Powers and Fowler, at the time of the serving of the summons and complaint. Copies of the affidavits on which the warrant was issued were also served on said parties, and the originals filed in the clerk’s office.” In this quotation from the “Case,” it is not stated when these copies of affidavits were served, or when the originals were filed in the- clerk’s office; but those facts, it is claimed, will appear in the affidavit of the clerk, which will hereinafter be referred to. Soon thereafter the defendants moved before his Honor, Judge Buchanan, to vacate said attachment upon the follow
ing grounds: “ist. Because the original affidavits upon which the warrant of attachment is based were not filed in the clerk’s office at the time'of the issuing of the warrant, as required by law. 2d. Because the bond is not signed by plaintiffs. 3d. Because the affidavits are insufficient, in that they fail to state any facts going to show a fraudulent disposal of property or a fraudulent assignment of property, such as is contemplated by the attachment act. 4th. Because the affidavits, fail to state facts showing any fraud at all on the part of defendants. 5th. Because an attachment will not lie in this action.” On the 8th of January, 1900, the Circuit Judge granted an order setting aside the attachment, a copy of which is set out in the “Case,” which should be likewise incorporated in the report of this case.
From this order plaintiffs appeal upon the several grounds set out in the record, which need not be stated here, as they make, substantially, but two questions: ist. Whether the action, in aid of which the attachment was issued, was for equitable relief only. 2d. Whether in such an action a warrant of attachment can be issued.
The defendants, in accordance with the proper practice, have given notice that, in case this Court should be unable to sustain the order of Judge Buchanan on the ground upon which he rested his conclusion, they would ask this Court to sustain said order upon the four first grounds upon which they rested their motion to vacate the attachment, which are set out above.
1
Our first inquiry, then, is whether this was an action for equitable relief only. It is well settled, under the Code of Procedure, that a plaintiff may unite in the same complaint both legal and equitable causes of action — and that is exactly what was done in this case. The complaint sets out .a cause of action for goods sold and delivered by the plaintiffs to the defendant, Powers, and demands judgment against him for the amount thereof — and this is, surely, nothing but a legal cause of action, pure and simple; without any feature of equitable cognizance. It is true, that
there is another cause of action set out in the complaint, against both of the defendants, which is of an equitable character, to wit: that upon which the relief demanded is that the assignment by John H. Powers to his codefendant, John W. Fowler, of his entire stock of goods, should be set aside, but that does not invest the whole action with the character of an equitable action; for if, upon the trial, the plaintiffs shall fail to establish their equitable, cause of action, that would not prevent them from obtaining judgment against Powers, if they shall establish their claims for goods sold and delivered. In the case of
Magruder
v.
Clayton,
29 S. C., 407, that was the result in just such a case as this. See, also,
Adler
v.
Cloud,
42 S. C., 272, to the same effect. In both of those cases the actions were brought for the double purpose of setting aside certain assignments and transfers of property, and at the same time for the purpose of obtaining judgments against the debtor on the claims alleged to be due to the plaintiffs; and in both of the cases, after the plaintiffs had failed to establish their equitable cause of action, their right to establish their legal cause of action was distinctly and fully recognized. See, also, to the same effect,
Bank
v.
Stelling,
31 S. C., 360. It seems to us, therefore, that the Circuit Judge was in error in holding that this was an action for equitable relief only, and, therefore, not such an action as would enable the plaintiffs to resort to the remedy by attachment. For, as we have seen, the action was founded upon two causes of action — one of a purely legal character and the other equitable in its character; and hence there was error in setting aside the attachment on that ground only. Under this view, it becomes unnecessary to consider' the question whether an attachment can be resorted to, in an action of purely equitable cognizance, as this is not such an action and, therefore, no such question can arise in this case.
2
We will next proceed to consider the additional grounds relied upon by the defendants to sustain the order appealed from. 1st. This ground is based upon the theory that the
law requires that the original affidavits, upon which the warrant of attachment is based, should be filed in the clerk’s office
at the time of issuing the warrant.
The law upon this subject is to be found in sec. 250 of the Code, as amended by the act of 1899- — -23 Stat, 30; and the particular language relied upon seems to be the following: “It shall be the duty of the plaintiff procuring such warrant, at the time of the issuing thereof, to cause the affidavits on which the same was granted to be filed in the office of the clerk of the Court of Common Pleas, or with the magistrate, in which or before whom the action is to be tried, within forty-eight hours after the issuance of the attachment.” While there is an apparent conflict in two of the clauses of the sentence just quoted from the statute, as the first clause seems to require the filing the affidavits,
at the time
of issuing the warrant, while the last clause requires that the affidavits be filed
"within, forty-eight hours after”
the issuance of the attachment, yet it is the duty of the Court to reconcile such conflict if possible; and this may be done by reading the sentence somewhat in this way — declaring that these papers must be filed at the time of issuing the warrant or within forty-eight hours thereafter. This would give effect to every part of the sentence; while that contended for by respondents would completely ignore the provision that these papers should be filed within forty-eight hours after the issuance of the attachment. Besides, the manifest object of the act of 1899, in which the words relied upon are found, was to amend sec. 250 of the Code by reducing the time within which the affidavits were required to be filed, from ten days after issuing the warrant to forty-eight hours; and to adopt the construction contended for would defeat that object. But if there is a clear and absolute repugnancy, which cannot be reconciled, between two sections of a statute, or between two clauses of the same section, then the last must be preferred to the first. Potter’s Dwar. on Stat., 132; Endlich on Interpret, of Statutes, sec. 183; and if we are forced to resort to this rule, then it follows that
if the affidavits are filed within forty-eight hours after the issuance of the warrant of attachment, the statute will be complied with. This being the law, it seems to us that the two affidavits of the clerk set out in the “Case” are sufficient to show that this requirement was complied with. The first ground upon which the motion to vacate the attachment was based cannot, therefore, be sustained.
3
2d. The second ground upon which the motion was based — that the bond (meaning, no doubt, the undertaking required) was not signed by the plaintiffs. It appears from the statements made in the “Case” that this undertaking was signed as follows: “Joseph Ferst, Aaron Ferst, Leon Ferst, as M. Ferst’s Sons & Co., by T. D. Darlington, agent, J. J. Maddox, J. E. Maddox, as J. J. & J. E. Maddox, by Ellis G. Graydon, W. C. Irby.” These signatures of the plaintiffs were made by T. D. Darlington and Ellis G. Graydon, respectively, under the authority of telegrams to these gentlemen, respectively, which were attached to the undertaking, and Mr. W. C. Irby signed his own name, doubtless, as surety. This, we think, was a sufficient compliance with the statute. The undertaking in attachment need not be under seal
(Grollman
v.
Lipsits,
43 S. C., at page 339), and, therefore, we see no reason why the names of the plaintiffs could not be signed by the gentlemen named as agents, under the authority of telegrams from the plaintiffs, which were attached to the undertaking. See what is said on this point in
Bank
v.
Stelling,
31 S. C., at page 371. The second ground of the motion cannot, therefore, be sustained.
4
The third and fourth grounds of the motion may be considered together, as they both raise the question whether the affidavits set forth the facts showing such a fraudulent disposition of the property of the defendant as is contemplated by the attachment act. In sec. 250 of the Code, it is provided that a warrant of attachment. may be issued “whenever it shall appear by affidavit that a cause of action exists against such defendant, specifying the
amount of the claim and the grounds -thereof, and that the defendant * * * has assigned, disposed of or secreted, or is about to assign, dispose of or secrete, any of his or its property with the like intent” — that is, with an intent to defraud his creditors. It seems to us that a casual reading of the affidavits will be quite sufficient to show that all. these things are fully set forth therein. There can be no doubt that the complaint, which is verified, and may, therefore, be used as an affidavit in an application for an attachment, fully sets forth the facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action at law against the defendant, Jno. H. Powers, the defendant whose property was sought to be attached; and in the affidavits the following facts were stated: that Jno. H. Powers was insolvent, a fact probably known to his codefendant, Fowler, from the circumstances; that the assignment was made but a very few days after Powers had received a considerable portion of his stock of goods; that the amount of the debts which were to be protected by the assignment were smaller than is represented by Powers, besides various other facts and circumstances going to sustain the general statement that the assignment was made with intent to defraud the creditors of Powers. Indeed, the Circuit Judge in his decree says: “the allegations of fraud in the affidavits make out a
prima facie case ”
which, “if unrebutted, the inference of improper conduct would be strong;” and it does not appear that any counter-affidavits were submitted. It seems to us, therefore, that neither the third or fourth grounds of motion can be sustained; and as the fifth ground has already been disposed of, we must hold that there was error in granting the order vacating the attachment.
It is the judgment of this Court, that the order appealed from be reversed.