Lowery v. Spradling

554 S.W.2d 555, 1977 Mo. App. LEXIS 2146
CourtMissouri Court of Appeals
DecidedJuly 19, 1977
DocketNo. 38241
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 554 S.W.2d 555 (Lowery v. Spradling) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Missouri Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Lowery v. Spradling, 554 S.W.2d 555, 1977 Mo. App. LEXIS 2146 (Mo. Ct. App. 1977).

Opinion

DOWD, Judge.

Plaintiff appeals from an order of the Circuit Court of Franklin County denying his petition to set aside a revocation of his driver’s license for refusal to submit to a breathalyer test under § 564.444 RSMo.

On March 23,1976 plaintiff-appellant, Peter Lowery, Jr., was arrested for driving while intoxicated in Union, Missouri. A police officer of the City of Union Police Department witnessed the appellant crossing over the center-line on Highway 47. After stopping the vehicle, the officer suspected the appellant was intoxicated. He requested that the appellant take the breathalyzer test. Appellant apparently did not respond and was subsequently transported to the Union Police Station.

Upon arrival at the police station, the officer again requested the appellant take the breathalyzer test. The officer informed him of his right to refuse the test and the fact that if he did, his license would be revoked for one year.

The appellant did not consent, but requested an opportunity to call his employer, Dr. Sharon Woodruff. Due to apparent handicaps, appellant could not read nor write and at times had difficulty understanding conversations. He relied heavily on the advice of Dr. Woodruff.

The officer allowed the phone call and in the process spoke with Dr. Woodruff. The appellant was in the police station two minutes when the call was made to Dr. Wood-ruff. The officer explained the breathalyzer procedure and the consequences of a refusal to Dr. Woodruff. Dr. Woodruff informed the officer that she would come to the police station shortly and would convince the appellant to take the test. The police officer did not inform Dr. Woodruff or the appellant that he was unwilling to wait for Dr. Woodruff to arrive. In fact, both the appellant and Dr. Woodruff were under the impression that Officer Jones was willing to wait for her arrival. The evidence indicates that Dr. Woodruff was 8 to 10 blocks from the police station. The trial judge observed that the distance could be walked in 10 minutes.

After the phone conversation, Officer Jones asked the appellant if he was going to take the test. Officer Jones testified that the appellant stated he was not going to take the test if she (Dr. Woodruff) was not present. However, the officer testified that he could not recall the exact words of the appellant.

The appellant testified that he was willing to take the test and informed the officer accordingly, after the officer acquiesced to the presence of Dr. Woodruff.

[557]*557The officer proceeded to fill out the arrest forms in the process of waiting for Dr. Woodruff to arrive. It took one and one-half minutes to fill out the arrest report. In a period of not more than three minutes, the officer apparently changed his mind about waiting for Dr. Woodruff, and treated appellant’s response as a refusal.

Officer Jones proceeded to lock-up the appellant and file the necessary forms in connection with his apparent refusal to take the test. Dr. Woodruff arrived approximately IV2 minutes after the appellant was locked up. Officer Jones informed her of the appellant’s refusal, and that he was unable to administer the test in view of being called out of the station on a police call. Dr. Woodruff expressed her dissatisfaction with the change of mind in the officer in not allowing the appellant to take the test. Dr. Woodruff testified:

“. . And at that time I saw the police officer in uniform come forward and I asked him how — where Mr. Lowery was and he said he had locked him up. And I said, ‘After you knew I was coming and he would take the test when I arrived you’ve already locked him up?’ ‘Yes,’ he said. And I asked him, ‘Did he take the test?’ And he said, ‘No.’ I said, ‘Will you let him take the test, now?’ He says, T don’t have time to fool with that.’ And then, approximately a minute or so later, a call came in for — as I recall, battery and assault.”

The appellant spent the night in the holdover and was released the following morning.

In April of 1976 the Director of Revenue informed the appellant that his driver’s license would be revoked pursuant to § 564.-444 RSMo effective April 27, 1976. Appellant filed his petition for review in the Magistrate Court of Franklin County in accordance with § 564.444(2) RSMo. The court denied his motion to set aside the revocation, but did stay the revocation until the Circuit Court of Franklin County could hear the appeal.

The de novo hearing before the Circuit Court of Franklin County took place on June 2, 1976. After considering all the testimony, the court concluded that the appellant did in fact refuse to take the breathalyzer test and also denied his motion to set aside the revocation. This appeal followed.

The issues raised by the appellant are basically threefold: (1) whether the appellant’s statement that he was not going to take it (the test) if she (Dr. Woodruff) was not present, constitutes a refusal under § 564.444 RSMo so as to mandate revocation of his driver’s license, (2) did appellant have a right to the presence of Dr. Woodruff at the breathalyzer test, and (3) whether his refusal was cured by his subsequent acquiescence.

The first issue raised by the appellant is whether his statement constituted a refusal under § 564.444. The appellant contends a refusal must be express and unequivocal, and therefore his conditional consent is not tantamount to a refusal. The issue of what constitutes a “refusal” has been the subject of substantial litigation. See Stenzel v. State Dept. of Revenue, 536 S.W.2d 163 (Mo.App.1976); Dain v. Spradling, 534 S.W.2d 813 (Mo.App.1976); Gooch v. Spradling, 523 S.W.2d 861 (Mo.App.1975); Hester v. Spradling, 508 S.W.2d 194 (Mo.App.1974); Bolling v. Schaffner, 488 S.W.2d 212 (Mo.App.1972); Thomas v. Schaffner, 448 S.W.2d 319 (Mo.App.1969).

In Spradling v. Deimeke, 528 S.W.2d 759 (Mo.1975), our Supreme Court considered what constitutes a “refusal” so as to warrant the revocation of a driver’s license pursuant to § 564.444 RSMo. The court stated:

“There is no mysterious meaning to the word ‘refusal’. In the context of the implied consent law, it simply means that an arrestee, after having been requested to take the breathalyzer test, declines to do so of his own volition. Whether the declination is accomplished by verbally saying T refuse’, or by remaining silent and just not breathing or blowing into the machine, or by vocalizing some sort of qualified or conditional consent or refusal, does not make any difference. The [558]*558volitional failure to do what is necessary in order that the test can be performed is a refusal.” Spradling v. Deimeke, 528 S.W.2d at 766[13]. (Emphasis added).

It is true that a conditional consent is tantamount to a refusal. Spradling v. Deimeke (Supra).

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554 S.W.2d 555, 1977 Mo. App. LEXIS 2146, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/lowery-v-spradling-moctapp-1977.