Lotter v. Collagen Corp.

450 N.E.2d 1338, 115 Ill. App. 3d 696, 71 Ill. Dec. 459, 45 A.L.R. 4th 999, 1983 Ill. App. LEXIS 1937
Appellate Court of Illinois·Decided June 21, 1983·No. 82-2046·Published·Cited by 2 cases

Opinion

JUSTICE HARTMAN

delivered the opinion of the court:

This controversy arises out of the business decision of defendant Collagen Corporation (Collagen) not to sell a product called Zyderm Collagen Implant (Zyderm) to plaintiff Annette Letter, M.D. Count I of Lotter’s amended complaint charged defendants Collagen, Judy Abbey, Robert Swartz, M.D., and Richard Roe, M.D., inter alia, with violating the Illinois Antitrust Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 38, par. 60— 1 et seq.) and the common law by conspiring together to restrain trade or commerce. Count II alleged that defendants violated the Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 121V2, par. 311 et seq.) by making certain false representations with respect to Letter. On August 19, 1982, the circuit court entered a written order granting Lotter’s motion for a preliminary injunction from which this interlocutory appeal proceeds. 87 Ill. 2d R. 307(a)(l).

The issues raised on appeal include whether: Lotter established the prerequisites for preliminary injunctive relief; defendants were denied due process of law; the order complied with section 11 — 101 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 110, par. 11— 101); and the court properly allowed into evidence the letters written by Lotter’s patients and the photographs of some of her patients. We reverse and remand with instructions.

At the hearing on Lotter’s motion for a preliminary injunction, the president of Collagen, Howard Palefsky, stated that a patent, issued to Stanford University on the application of soluble collagen for soft tissue reconstruction, was ultimately licensed to Collagen for its use. Collagen has engaged in developmental and clinical testing, as well as marketing and sale of Zyderm since it received United States Food and Drug Administration clearance in July 1981. Collagen is concerned that the initial use of this product by physicians who may abuse it could ultimately ruin its availability for everyone. Under adverse examination, Palefsky stated that Collagen refuses to sell Zyderm to Lotter because of her unfavorable reputation in the medical community.

The vice-president of marketing at Collagen, Judith Boshart, also testified as an adverse witness. She sought out information from others concerning the reputations of physicians with whom Collagen would be involved. Dr. Lotter had an inordinate number of lawsuits filed against her, lost her hospital privileges and had a patient die in her office from a phenol peel, which is a very common procedure. She made no independent investigation of Lotter.

Dr. Lotter testified that she belonged to numerous medical societies, won several academic awards and authored many publications. Since starting private practice in 1972, she performed over 8,000 surgical procedures. Of these, only 25, or three-tenths of one percent, had resulted in lawsuits against her, a much lower percentage than the national average. Most of the malpractice suits were settled; none resulted in a judgment against her. She resigned from her position at Grant Hospital because she was unable to comply with the hospital’s bylaw requiring her to carry personal malpractice insurance. She was not then under investigation by the Illinois Department of Registration and Education. Based on her education and experience, she would be able to use Zyderm professionally and competently.

Zyderm is designed to elevate depressions in the skin and reduce disfigurement. The safety of the product is insured by pretesting the patient through administering a very small dosage. Two hundred of her patients were in need of Zyderm. She identified 21 sets of photographs, received in evidence, showing the specific skin problems of 21 patients. All had been treated to the fullest extent possible. Zyderm is the only further treatment available. All the patients desire this further treatment. Two of her patients were suicidal due to the nature of their appearance. Lotter introduced documentary evidence revealing that, until that time, the Medical Disciplinary Board of the State of Illinois found her not guilty of gross medical malpractice, “manifest” professional incompetence, or poor standards of care in her treatment of the patient who died in her office.

On the seventh day of the hearing, during Collagen’s direct examination of its first defense witness, Palefsky, the court stated that it had “heard enough,” and was ready to order injunctive relief. It refused to allow Collagen to complete Palefsky’s testimony or to put on the remainder of its defense. Collagen offered to prove that Lotter lost her malpractice insurance because the insurance company felt that she presented an excessive risk due to the number of malpractice suits filed against her. Collagen was also prepared to introduce a certificate showing that Lotter was currently under investigation by the Illinois Department of Registration and Education.

The court’s written order required: Collagen to “prepare” Lotter for use of Zyderm; Collagen to ship to Lotter two six-syringe boxes of “test” doses; Lotter to transmit to Collagen case report forms denoting the results of Zyderm testing; Collagen to ship one six-syringe box for each patient showing negative test results in accordance with Collagen’s customary procedures, to a maximum of 12 boxes. This interlocutory appeal followed. On September 1, 1982, this court stayed the order of the circuit court during the pendency of the appeal.

I

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Lotter v. Collagen Corp., 450 N.E.2d 1338, 115 Ill. App. 3d 696, 71 Ill. Dec. 459, 45 A.L.R. 4th 999, 1983 Ill. App. LEXIS 1937 (Ill. Ct. App. 1983).

450 N.E.2d 1338 (Lotter v. Collagen Corp.) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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