This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A15-0341
Lorraine White, Trustee for the Lorraine M. White Trust, et al., Respondents,
vs.
City of Elk River, Appellant
Filed October 26, 2015 Affirmed Worke, Judge
Sherburne County District Court File No. 71-CV-11-1266
George C. Hoff, Shelley M. Ryan, Hoff, Barry & Kozar, P.A., Eden Prairie, Minnesota (for appellant)
James G. Robin, Dustin D. Fossey, Wayzata Law Group, LLC, Wayzata, Minnesota (for respondents)
Susan L. Naughton, League of Minnesota Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota (for amicus curiae)
Considered and decided by Halbrooks, Presiding Judge; Worke, Judge; and
Hooten, Judge.
UNPUBLISHED OPINION
WORKE, Judge
Appellant City of Elk River challenges the district court’s denial of injunctive
relief to preclude respondents from allowing people to permanently reside at their campground, arguing that the district court erred by concluding that Minn. Stat. § 327.14
(2014) does not prohibit residency at the campground. We affirm.
FACTS
Respondent Wapiti Park Campgrounds, Inc., a 52-acre campground owned by
respondent Lorraine White, trustee for the Lorraine M. White Trust, is located within
appellant City of Elk River.
This is the second appeal arising out of an ongoing dispute between respondents
and the city over the operation of Wapiti Park. In the first appeal, the supreme court
resolved the land-use aspects of the parties’ dispute, holding that Wapiti Park is a
nonconforming use and did not lose that status by applying for a conditional-use permit,
but that the city could require Wapiti Park to obtain an interim-use permit before using a
building that was replaced after a fire. White v. City of Elk River, 840 N.W.2d 43, 51-52,
55 (Minn. 2013). The supreme court identified four methods in which the city could seek
to terminate Wapiti Park’s nonconforming use and noted that the city had not undertaken
any of those methods. Id. at 53.1 The supreme court remanded the case to the district
court for “further proceedings on . . . remaining issues, including those issues raised in
the City’s motion for summary judgment pertaining to the City’s counterclaims against
Wapiti Park.” Id. at 56.
1 The methods are eminent domain, showing that the use has been discontinued for more than one year, showing that the use was destroyed by fire or other peril to the extent of greater than 50 percent of its market value, or establishing a nuisance. White, 840 N.W.2d at 53.
2 Following remand, the city moved for summary judgment on its counterclaim
alleging that respondents were violating Minn. Stat. § 327.14 by allowing campers to
permanently reside at Wapiti Park. There is no factual dispute that Wapiti Park has
allowed permanent residents for years. The city noted that Wapiti Park is licensed as a
“recreational camping area” as defined in Minn. Stat. § 327.14, subd. 8 and argued that,
according to the definition supplied, recreational camping areas are not permitted to have
permanent residents. The city also claimed that Wapiti Park allowed permanent
structures, which are not within the definition of “recreational camping vehicle” as
defined in Minn. Stat. § 327.14, subd. 7. The city requested a permanent injunction to
preclude Wapiti Park from allowing permanent residents and structures.
The district court examined the text of Minn. Stat. § 327.14, subd. 8, and
concluded that the definition of “recreational camping area” did not preclude permanent
residency. The court then stated that it could not conclude as a matter of law that the
permanent structures on Wapiti Park were outside the definition of “recreational camping
vehicle” as defined in Minn. Stat. § 327.14, subd. 7, and that the city had failed to show
injury or the threat of injury stemming from these permanent structures. The district
court denied the city’s request for injunctive relief for want of a cause of action to support
the equitable remedy, and because the city failed to show injury or threat of injury to
support injunctive relief.
The city appealed. After briefing and oral argument, this court requested
supplemental briefing on the issue of whether the city has standing to assert a claim under
3 Minn. Stat. § 327.24, subd. 3 (2014). The parties submitted supplemental briefs, and the
appeal was submitted for decision.
DECISION
On appeal from an order denying injunctive relief, our review is for abuse of
discretion. Williams v. Nat’l Football League, 794 N.W.2d 391, 395 (Minn. App. 2011),
review denied (Minn. Apr. 27, 2011). But when the district court’s decision is based on
its interpretation of a statute, our review is de novo. Id. “The object of all interpretation
and construction of laws is to ascertain and effectuate the intention of the legislature.”
Minn. Stat. § 645.16 (2014). “We construe statutes to effect their essential purpose but
will not disregard a statute’s clear language to pursue the spirit of the law.” Lee v.
Fresenius Med. Care, Inc., 741 N.W.2d 117, 123 (Minn. 2007).
This appeal requires us to interpret and apply several provisions of Minn. Stat.
§§ 327.14-.28 (2014), which govern manufactured home parks and recreational camping
areas. Minn. Stat. § 327.14 is a definitions section for the statutory range and defines a
“recreational camping area” as “any area, whether privately or publicly owned, used on a
daily, nightly, weekly, or longer basis for the accommodation of five or more tents or
recreational camping vehicles free of charge or for compensation.” Minn. Stat. § 327.14,
subd. 8.2 Minn. Stat. 327.14, subd. 7 also defines “recreational camping vehicle” to
include
2 The statutory definition also includes seven exclusions not relevant here. Minn. Stat. § 327.14, subd. 8 (1)–(7).
4 (1) any vehicular, portable structure built on a chassis, designed to be used as a temporary dwelling for travel, recreational, and vacation uses; (2) any structure designed to be mounted on a truck chassis for use as a temporary dwelling for travel, recreation, and vacation; (3) any portable, temporary dwelling to be used for travel, recreation, and vacation, constructed as an integral part of a self-propelled vehicle; and (4) any folding structure, mounted on wheels and designed for travel, recreation, and vacation use.
Minn. Stat. § 327.20 sets forth rules applicable to recreational camping areas, and
Minn. Stat. § 327.24, subd. 3, provides a private right of action to “[a]ny person injured
or threatened with injury by a violation of sections 327.14 to 327.28.”
Respondents assert that the city has not identified any conduct by Wapiti Park that
could constitute a violation of Minn. Stat. §§ 327.14-.28. We agree. Nothing in the plain
language of these statutory provisions prohibits permanent residence at a recreational
camping area. The city asserts that Minn. Stat. § 327.14, subds. 7 and 8 prohibit
recreational camping areas from allowing permanent structures or residents. But those
subdivisions are part of a set of definitions that identify the scope of the statute and
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This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A15-0341
Lorraine White, Trustee for the Lorraine M. White Trust, et al., Respondents,
vs.
City of Elk River, Appellant
Filed October 26, 2015 Affirmed Worke, Judge
Sherburne County District Court File No. 71-CV-11-1266
George C. Hoff, Shelley M. Ryan, Hoff, Barry & Kozar, P.A., Eden Prairie, Minnesota (for appellant)
James G. Robin, Dustin D. Fossey, Wayzata Law Group, LLC, Wayzata, Minnesota (for respondents)
Susan L. Naughton, League of Minnesota Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota (for amicus curiae)
Considered and decided by Halbrooks, Presiding Judge; Worke, Judge; and
Hooten, Judge.
UNPUBLISHED OPINION
WORKE, Judge
Appellant City of Elk River challenges the district court’s denial of injunctive
relief to preclude respondents from allowing people to permanently reside at their campground, arguing that the district court erred by concluding that Minn. Stat. § 327.14
(2014) does not prohibit residency at the campground. We affirm.
FACTS
Respondent Wapiti Park Campgrounds, Inc., a 52-acre campground owned by
respondent Lorraine White, trustee for the Lorraine M. White Trust, is located within
appellant City of Elk River.
This is the second appeal arising out of an ongoing dispute between respondents
and the city over the operation of Wapiti Park. In the first appeal, the supreme court
resolved the land-use aspects of the parties’ dispute, holding that Wapiti Park is a
nonconforming use and did not lose that status by applying for a conditional-use permit,
but that the city could require Wapiti Park to obtain an interim-use permit before using a
building that was replaced after a fire. White v. City of Elk River, 840 N.W.2d 43, 51-52,
55 (Minn. 2013). The supreme court identified four methods in which the city could seek
to terminate Wapiti Park’s nonconforming use and noted that the city had not undertaken
any of those methods. Id. at 53.1 The supreme court remanded the case to the district
court for “further proceedings on . . . remaining issues, including those issues raised in
the City’s motion for summary judgment pertaining to the City’s counterclaims against
Wapiti Park.” Id. at 56.
1 The methods are eminent domain, showing that the use has been discontinued for more than one year, showing that the use was destroyed by fire or other peril to the extent of greater than 50 percent of its market value, or establishing a nuisance. White, 840 N.W.2d at 53.
2 Following remand, the city moved for summary judgment on its counterclaim
alleging that respondents were violating Minn. Stat. § 327.14 by allowing campers to
permanently reside at Wapiti Park. There is no factual dispute that Wapiti Park has
allowed permanent residents for years. The city noted that Wapiti Park is licensed as a
“recreational camping area” as defined in Minn. Stat. § 327.14, subd. 8 and argued that,
according to the definition supplied, recreational camping areas are not permitted to have
permanent residents. The city also claimed that Wapiti Park allowed permanent
structures, which are not within the definition of “recreational camping vehicle” as
defined in Minn. Stat. § 327.14, subd. 7. The city requested a permanent injunction to
preclude Wapiti Park from allowing permanent residents and structures.
The district court examined the text of Minn. Stat. § 327.14, subd. 8, and
concluded that the definition of “recreational camping area” did not preclude permanent
residency. The court then stated that it could not conclude as a matter of law that the
permanent structures on Wapiti Park were outside the definition of “recreational camping
vehicle” as defined in Minn. Stat. § 327.14, subd. 7, and that the city had failed to show
injury or the threat of injury stemming from these permanent structures. The district
court denied the city’s request for injunctive relief for want of a cause of action to support
the equitable remedy, and because the city failed to show injury or threat of injury to
support injunctive relief.
The city appealed. After briefing and oral argument, this court requested
supplemental briefing on the issue of whether the city has standing to assert a claim under
3 Minn. Stat. § 327.24, subd. 3 (2014). The parties submitted supplemental briefs, and the
appeal was submitted for decision.
DECISION
On appeal from an order denying injunctive relief, our review is for abuse of
discretion. Williams v. Nat’l Football League, 794 N.W.2d 391, 395 (Minn. App. 2011),
review denied (Minn. Apr. 27, 2011). But when the district court’s decision is based on
its interpretation of a statute, our review is de novo. Id. “The object of all interpretation
and construction of laws is to ascertain and effectuate the intention of the legislature.”
Minn. Stat. § 645.16 (2014). “We construe statutes to effect their essential purpose but
will not disregard a statute’s clear language to pursue the spirit of the law.” Lee v.
Fresenius Med. Care, Inc., 741 N.W.2d 117, 123 (Minn. 2007).
This appeal requires us to interpret and apply several provisions of Minn. Stat.
§§ 327.14-.28 (2014), which govern manufactured home parks and recreational camping
areas. Minn. Stat. § 327.14 is a definitions section for the statutory range and defines a
“recreational camping area” as “any area, whether privately or publicly owned, used on a
daily, nightly, weekly, or longer basis for the accommodation of five or more tents or
recreational camping vehicles free of charge or for compensation.” Minn. Stat. § 327.14,
subd. 8.2 Minn. Stat. 327.14, subd. 7 also defines “recreational camping vehicle” to
include
2 The statutory definition also includes seven exclusions not relevant here. Minn. Stat. § 327.14, subd. 8 (1)–(7).
4 (1) any vehicular, portable structure built on a chassis, designed to be used as a temporary dwelling for travel, recreational, and vacation uses; (2) any structure designed to be mounted on a truck chassis for use as a temporary dwelling for travel, recreation, and vacation; (3) any portable, temporary dwelling to be used for travel, recreation, and vacation, constructed as an integral part of a self-propelled vehicle; and (4) any folding structure, mounted on wheels and designed for travel, recreation, and vacation use.
Minn. Stat. § 327.20 sets forth rules applicable to recreational camping areas, and
Minn. Stat. § 327.24, subd. 3, provides a private right of action to “[a]ny person injured
or threatened with injury by a violation of sections 327.14 to 327.28.”
Respondents assert that the city has not identified any conduct by Wapiti Park that
could constitute a violation of Minn. Stat. §§ 327.14-.28. We agree. Nothing in the plain
language of these statutory provisions prohibits permanent residence at a recreational
camping area. The city asserts that Minn. Stat. § 327.14, subds. 7 and 8 prohibit
recreational camping areas from allowing permanent structures or residents. But those
subdivisions are part of a set of definitions that identify the scope of the statute and
include no prohibitive language. The fact that the statute defines recreational camping
area and recreational camping vehicle for purposes of determining statutory scope does
not limit an area that qualifies as a recreational camping area from undertaking activities
not within the definition, except to the extent that such activities are otherwise prohibited
by statute or rule.3
3 The city asserts that the district court erred by construing the phrase in Minn. Stat. § 327.14, subd. 8, “daily, nightly, weekly, or longer basis,” to encompass indefinite
5 Our conclusion that the city fails to identify conduct that would constitute a
violation of Minn. Stat. §§ 327.14-.28 is fatal to the city’s claim. Accordingly, the
district court did not err by dismissing the claim and denying the city’s request for a
permanent injunction.4
Affirmed.
periods of time. We agree that, under the canon of ejusdem generis, the statute cannot be construed so broadly. See Minn. Stat. § 645.08(3) (2014) (providing that “general words are construed to be restricted in their meaning by preceding particular words”); Black’s Law Dictionary 594 (9th ed. 2009) (defining canon). But we nevertheless conclude that the statute does not prohibit permanent residency. 4 Our conclusion may also implicate an issue of statutory standing, which asks whether a party “has a cause of action under the statute.” Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Env't, 523 U.S. 83, 98 n.2, 118 S. Ct. 1003, 1014 n.2 (1998). “The question is closely related to the merits inquiry (oftentimes overlapping it) and is analytically distinct from the question whether a . . . court has subject-matter jurisdiction to decide the merits of a case.” Roberts ex rel. H.F.W. & T.W. v. Hamer, 655 F.3d 578, 580 (6th Cir. 2001); cf. Krueger v. Zeman Constr. Co., 781 N.W.2d 858, 858, 861-63 (Minn. 2010) (affirming dismissal for failure to state a claim of action by an individual who had no right to sue under the Minnesota Human Rights Act, discussing the issue both in terms of “statutory standing” and as a question of whether the statute “provide[s] a cause of action”). Because the statutory-standing issue in this case does not appear to be jurisdictional, and because the city’s claim clearly fails on the merits, we do not address whether the city’s claim also fails for lack of statutory standing.