In the Missouri Court of Appeals Eastern District NORTHERN DIVISION
LORI ROSS, ) No. ED107725 ) Appellant, ) Appeal from the Circuit Court ) of Ralls County vs. ) 12RL-CV00278-02 ) KYLE SCOTT and CHARLOTTE SCOTT, ) Honorable Rachel Bringer Shepherd ) Respondents. ) Filed: December 10, 2019
OPINION
Third-party petitioner Lori Ross (“Ross”) appeals the grant of summary judgment entered
in favor of Kyle Scott (individually “Kyle Scott” or “Kyle”) 1 and Charlotte Scott (individually
“Charlotte Scott” or “Charlotte”) (collectively “Third-Party Respondents” or “Parents”) on
Ross’s motion seeking grandparent visitation under section 452.402 RSMo 2016. 2 We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
In January 2005, Kyle and Amanda Scott 3 (“Amanda”) got married. Later that year,
Amanda sought adoption by her step-mother Carol Wilson (“Wilson”). A court granted the
adoption, which resulted in Ross – Amanda’s biological mother – losing all legal parental rights.
As a result, Amanda’s birth certificate was changed to show Wilson as her mother and with no
mention of Ross.
1 Because many of the parties involved in this case share the same last name, we will sometimes refer to them by their first names for clarity and ease of reading. No disrespect is intended. 2 All further references to section 452.402 are to RSMo 2016. There is a new current version of the statute but it has no relevance in this case. 3 As explained below, Kyle and Amanda later divorced. After the divorce, Amanda changed her name to Amanda Kemry. During their marriage, Amanda and Kyle Scott had two children (“Children”) together.
On October 31, 2012, Amanda and Kyle dissolved their marriage. Pursuant to the dissolution
judgment and an incorporated marital settlement and separation agreement, the parties were
awarded joint legal and joint physical custody of the Children.
Thereafter, Kyle Scott filed a motion to modify the custody provisions of the dissolution
judgment, alleging drug use by Amanda. The trial court granted the motion in July 2014
pursuant to a modification judgment which incorporated a stipulation agreement entered into
between Kyle and Amanda. Kyle was awarded sole legal and sole physical custody of the
Children. 4 Approximately two years later, in 2016, Amanda consented to the adoption of her
two biological Children to Kyle Scott’s new wife – Charlotte Scott. As a result, Amanda’s
parental rights to the Children were terminated.
In August 2018, Ross – as a third-party petitioner – filed a motion to modify the July
2014 judgment modifying Amanda and Kyle’s dissolution judgment, with Ross seeking
grandparent visitation under section 452.402. Subsequently, Kyle Scott – as a third-party
respondent – filed a motion for summary judgment arguing Ross was not entitled to relief
because, inter alia, Ross is not the grandmother of the Children.
The trial court granted the motion for summary judgment in favor of Third-Party
Respondents (and the Children’s Parents) Kyle and Charlotte, finding Ross is not a grandparent
of the Children due to, (1) the termination of her parental rights to the Children’s biological
mother Amanda; and (2) the termination of Amanda’s parental rights to the Children. In other
words, the trial court found Ross was not a grandparent of the children due to the adoption of the
Children’s birth mother (Amanda) and due to the adoption of the Children by the natural father
4 Amanda was awarded visitation “so long as Kyle believe[d] the visitation [was] in the best interests of the minor [C]hildren and the [C]hildren’s safety and security [were] being maintained during visitation.” 2 Kyle Scott’s new wife Charlotte Scott. Later, an amended judgment was entered stating it was
final for purposes of appeal. Ross now appeals the amended judgment.
II. DISCUSSION
Ross raises two points on appeal asserting the trial court erred in granting summary
judgment in favor of Third-Party Respondents Kyle and Charlotte Scott (the Children’s Parents).
In Ross’s second point, she contends section 452.402 does not preclude an award of grandparent
visitation due to the adoption of the Children’s birth mother (Amanda). 5 This point is dispositive
and will be discussed below.
A. Standard of Review
Our Court’s review of a trial court’s decision granting summary judgment is de novo.
B.B. v. Methodist Church of Shelbina, Missouri, 541 S.W.3d 644, 650 (Mo. App. E.D. 2017).
“Summary judgment is proper only if there are no genuine issues of material fact and the movant
is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Id. Our Court must view the record in the light most
favorable to the non-movant, accepting all reasonable inferences in favor of that party as true.
Id. “We accept facts contained in affidavits or otherwise produced in support of the motion for
summary judgment as true unless they are contradicted by the non-movant’s response to the
motion.” Id.
The movant has the burden of establishing a right to judgment as a matter of law on the
record as submitted, and if the movant meets this burden, then the non-movant must demonstrate
that at least one of the material facts asserted by the movant as undisputed is, in fact, genuinely
disputed. Id. A genuine dispute is one that is real, substantial, and not merely argumentative,
imaginary, frivolous, or based on conjecture, theory, or possibilities. M.C.-B. ex rel. T.B. v.
5 Ross’s first point on appeal argues section 452.402 does not preclude an award of grandparent visitation due to the adoption of the Children by the natural father Kyle Scott’s new wife Charlotte Scott. However, because we conclude below that the trial court was correct in granting summary judgment for the reasons discussed in Ross’s second point on appeal, we need not address Ross’s first point. See B.B. v. Methodist Church of Shelbina, Missouri, 541 S.W.3d 644, 650 n.5, 651 (Mo. App. E.D. 2017); see also Section II.B below where we conclude the trial court was correct in granting summary judgment because Ross is not the legal mother of Amanda. 3 Hazelwood School Dist., 417 S.W.3d 261, 264-65 (Mo. App. E.D. 2013). To prove a genuine
dispute as to the material facts exists, “the non-moving party may not rely on mere allegations or
denials of the pleadings, but must produce affidavits, depositions, answers to interrogatories, or
admissions on file.” B.B., 541 S.W.3d at 651.
Finally, “we will affirm the grant of summary judgment on any legal theory supported by
the record, whether or not it was the basis relied upon by the trial court.” Id.
B. Analysis
In this case, Ross seeks grandparent visitation under section 452.402, which states in
relevant part:
1. The court may grant reasonable visitation rights to grandparents of the child and issue any necessary orders to enforce the decree. The court may grant grandparent visitation when [inter alia]: (1) The parents of the child have filed for a dissolution of their marriage. A grandparent shall have the right to intervene in any dissolution action solely on the issue of visitation rights.
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In the Missouri Court of Appeals Eastern District NORTHERN DIVISION
LORI ROSS, ) No. ED107725 ) Appellant, ) Appeal from the Circuit Court ) of Ralls County vs. ) 12RL-CV00278-02 ) KYLE SCOTT and CHARLOTTE SCOTT, ) Honorable Rachel Bringer Shepherd ) Respondents. ) Filed: December 10, 2019
OPINION
Third-party petitioner Lori Ross (“Ross”) appeals the grant of summary judgment entered
in favor of Kyle Scott (individually “Kyle Scott” or “Kyle”) 1 and Charlotte Scott (individually
“Charlotte Scott” or “Charlotte”) (collectively “Third-Party Respondents” or “Parents”) on
Ross’s motion seeking grandparent visitation under section 452.402 RSMo 2016. 2 We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
In January 2005, Kyle and Amanda Scott 3 (“Amanda”) got married. Later that year,
Amanda sought adoption by her step-mother Carol Wilson (“Wilson”). A court granted the
adoption, which resulted in Ross – Amanda’s biological mother – losing all legal parental rights.
As a result, Amanda’s birth certificate was changed to show Wilson as her mother and with no
mention of Ross.
1 Because many of the parties involved in this case share the same last name, we will sometimes refer to them by their first names for clarity and ease of reading. No disrespect is intended. 2 All further references to section 452.402 are to RSMo 2016. There is a new current version of the statute but it has no relevance in this case. 3 As explained below, Kyle and Amanda later divorced. After the divorce, Amanda changed her name to Amanda Kemry. During their marriage, Amanda and Kyle Scott had two children (“Children”) together.
On October 31, 2012, Amanda and Kyle dissolved their marriage. Pursuant to the dissolution
judgment and an incorporated marital settlement and separation agreement, the parties were
awarded joint legal and joint physical custody of the Children.
Thereafter, Kyle Scott filed a motion to modify the custody provisions of the dissolution
judgment, alleging drug use by Amanda. The trial court granted the motion in July 2014
pursuant to a modification judgment which incorporated a stipulation agreement entered into
between Kyle and Amanda. Kyle was awarded sole legal and sole physical custody of the
Children. 4 Approximately two years later, in 2016, Amanda consented to the adoption of her
two biological Children to Kyle Scott’s new wife – Charlotte Scott. As a result, Amanda’s
parental rights to the Children were terminated.
In August 2018, Ross – as a third-party petitioner – filed a motion to modify the July
2014 judgment modifying Amanda and Kyle’s dissolution judgment, with Ross seeking
grandparent visitation under section 452.402. Subsequently, Kyle Scott – as a third-party
respondent – filed a motion for summary judgment arguing Ross was not entitled to relief
because, inter alia, Ross is not the grandmother of the Children.
The trial court granted the motion for summary judgment in favor of Third-Party
Respondents (and the Children’s Parents) Kyle and Charlotte, finding Ross is not a grandparent
of the Children due to, (1) the termination of her parental rights to the Children’s biological
mother Amanda; and (2) the termination of Amanda’s parental rights to the Children. In other
words, the trial court found Ross was not a grandparent of the children due to the adoption of the
Children’s birth mother (Amanda) and due to the adoption of the Children by the natural father
4 Amanda was awarded visitation “so long as Kyle believe[d] the visitation [was] in the best interests of the minor [C]hildren and the [C]hildren’s safety and security [were] being maintained during visitation.” 2 Kyle Scott’s new wife Charlotte Scott. Later, an amended judgment was entered stating it was
final for purposes of appeal. Ross now appeals the amended judgment.
II. DISCUSSION
Ross raises two points on appeal asserting the trial court erred in granting summary
judgment in favor of Third-Party Respondents Kyle and Charlotte Scott (the Children’s Parents).
In Ross’s second point, she contends section 452.402 does not preclude an award of grandparent
visitation due to the adoption of the Children’s birth mother (Amanda). 5 This point is dispositive
and will be discussed below.
A. Standard of Review
Our Court’s review of a trial court’s decision granting summary judgment is de novo.
B.B. v. Methodist Church of Shelbina, Missouri, 541 S.W.3d 644, 650 (Mo. App. E.D. 2017).
“Summary judgment is proper only if there are no genuine issues of material fact and the movant
is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Id. Our Court must view the record in the light most
favorable to the non-movant, accepting all reasonable inferences in favor of that party as true.
Id. “We accept facts contained in affidavits or otherwise produced in support of the motion for
summary judgment as true unless they are contradicted by the non-movant’s response to the
motion.” Id.
The movant has the burden of establishing a right to judgment as a matter of law on the
record as submitted, and if the movant meets this burden, then the non-movant must demonstrate
that at least one of the material facts asserted by the movant as undisputed is, in fact, genuinely
disputed. Id. A genuine dispute is one that is real, substantial, and not merely argumentative,
imaginary, frivolous, or based on conjecture, theory, or possibilities. M.C.-B. ex rel. T.B. v.
5 Ross’s first point on appeal argues section 452.402 does not preclude an award of grandparent visitation due to the adoption of the Children by the natural father Kyle Scott’s new wife Charlotte Scott. However, because we conclude below that the trial court was correct in granting summary judgment for the reasons discussed in Ross’s second point on appeal, we need not address Ross’s first point. See B.B. v. Methodist Church of Shelbina, Missouri, 541 S.W.3d 644, 650 n.5, 651 (Mo. App. E.D. 2017); see also Section II.B below where we conclude the trial court was correct in granting summary judgment because Ross is not the legal mother of Amanda. 3 Hazelwood School Dist., 417 S.W.3d 261, 264-65 (Mo. App. E.D. 2013). To prove a genuine
dispute as to the material facts exists, “the non-moving party may not rely on mere allegations or
denials of the pleadings, but must produce affidavits, depositions, answers to interrogatories, or
admissions on file.” B.B., 541 S.W.3d at 651.
Finally, “we will affirm the grant of summary judgment on any legal theory supported by
the record, whether or not it was the basis relied upon by the trial court.” Id.
B. Analysis
In this case, Ross seeks grandparent visitation under section 452.402, which states in
relevant part:
1. The court may grant reasonable visitation rights to grandparents of the child and issue any necessary orders to enforce the decree. The court may grant grandparent visitation when [inter alia]: (1) The parents of the child have filed for a dissolution of their marriage. A grandparent shall have the right to intervene in any dissolution action solely on the issue of visitation rights. Grandparents shall also have the right to file a motion to modify the original decree of dissolution to seek visitation rights when visitation has been denied to them . . ..
(emphasis added).
The one word of the statute at issue here is “grandparent.” Ross argues she is the
biological grandmother of the Children and is therefore able to bring an action under section
452.402. In contrast, the Parents claim Ross is not the grandmother due to the adoption of her
own biological child Amanda – the Children’s biological mother – in 2005. The above statute
does not define grandparent, so we look to the dictionary definition to determine its plain and
ordinary meaning. Hampton v. Hampton, 17 S.W.3d 599, 602 (Mo. App. W.D. 2000).
Webster’s Dictionary defines the term “grandparent” as “a parent’s parent.” Webster’s
Third New International Dictionary Unabridged (“Webster’s Third”) 988 (3d ed. 2002)
(emphasis added). “Giving the term ‘grandparent’ its plain and ordinary meaning, the intention
of the legislature is clear and unambiguous, so no further construction of the statute is
4 necessary.” Hampton, 17 S.W.3d at 602. “By use of the word ‘grandparent,’ the legislature
intended to authorize visitation to the parent of a child’s father or mother.” Id.
Ross is not entitled to relief under section 452.402 because she is not the legal mother of
Amanda which means she is not the grandmother of Amanda’s biological Children who were
born after the adoption took place. 6 Ross ceased being Amanda’s legal mother when Amanda
was adopted in 2005 by Wilson. Missouri statute provides the consequences of an adoption are
as follows:
When a child is adopted in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, all legal relationships and all rights and duties between such child and his natural parents (other than a natural parent who joins in the petition for adoption as provided in section 453.010) shall cease and determine. Such child shall thereafter be deemed and held to be for every purpose the child of his parent or parents by adoption, as fully as though born to him or them in lawful wedlock.
Section 453.090.1 RSMo 2016 7 (emphasis added).
It is undisputed Wilson is Amanda’s legal mother according to her birth certificate and
finalized adoption proceedings. When Amanda was adopted by Wilson in 2005, all legal
relationships, all rights, and all duties between Ross and Amanda ceased. See id. Wilson – not
Ross – is Amanda’s mother for “every purpose . . . as though born to [her] . . . in lawful
wedlock.” See id. (emphasis added). Consequently, Ross gave up her potential status as
grandmother when the adoption of Amanda took place. “The law states unequivocally that all
legal relationships and all rights and duties between a child and his natural parents are
abrogated.” Aegerter v. Thompson, 610 S.W.2d 308, 310 (Mo. App. E.D. 1980).
In the end, Third-Party Respondents have established there are no genuine issues of
material fact and they are entitled to judgment as a matter of law because, (1) Ross is not the
legal mother of Amanda - who was the biological mother of the Children; and (2) therefore, Ross
6 We note that Ross fails to cite to any case law in support of her position that she is entitled to relief under section 452.402. 7 All further references to section 453.090 are to RSMo 2016, which is the current version of the statute. 5 is not the grandmother of the Children under the plain meaning of section 452.402. See B.B.,
541 S.W.3d at 650-51; section 452.402; Webster’s Third at 988; Hampton, 17 S.W.3d at 602;
section 453.090.1; Aegerter, 610 S.W.2d at 310.
Based on the foregoing, the trial court did not err in granting summary judgment in favor
of Third-Party Respondents. See B.B., 541 S.W.3d at 650-51. Point two is denied.
III. CONCLUSION
The trial court’s judgment granting Third-Party Respondents’ motion for summary
judgment is affirmed.
ROBERT M. CLAYTON III, Presiding Judge
James M. Dowd, J., and Robin Ransom, J., concur.