MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Oct 21 2015, 9:11 am Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
APPELLANT PRO SE ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES Loren Jay Adams Gregory F. Zoeller Westfield, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana Kyle Hunter Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Loren J. Adams, October 21, 2015
Appellant-Petitioner, Court of Appeals Case No. 93A02-1501-EX-16 v. Appeal from the Review Board of the Department of Workforce Development. Review Board of the Indiana The Honorable Steven F. Bier, Department of Workforce Chairperson. Development, and F&J Pizza III The Honorable George H. Baker, Member. LLC, The Honorable Larry A. Dailey, Appellees-Respondents. Member. Cause No. 14R-02417
Shepard, Senior Judge
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 93A02-1501-EX-16 | October 21, 2015 Page 1 of 7 [1] Loren J. Adams was fired from his job at Jet’s Pizza. The Indiana Department
of Workforce Development denied his claim for unemployment benefits,
concluding that he was fired for just cause. Adams contends that the evidence
does not support that finding, and that evidence needed to support his position
was not made available to him. We affirm.
Issues [2] Adams presents the following restated issues for our review:
I. Whether the Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) erred by allowing Adams’ employer to introduce evidence of write- ups for incidents prior to the one that prompted his discharge. II. Whether the ALJ erred by failing to obtain video tape evidence of the incident leading to Adams’ termination.
Facts and Procedural History [3] Adams had been a part-time delivery driver and inside staff person at Jet’s
Pizza for two years when his employment was terminated for insubordination
on September 2, 2014. After he was fired, Adams filed for unemployment
benefits, but his request was denied by the claims deputy, who found that
Adams had been discharged for just cause. Adams appealed, and an ALJ
conducted a full hearing, and concluded that Adams had been discharged for
cause. Adams appealed that decision to the Department’s Review Board,
where the denial of benefits was affirmed yet again. Adams now brings this
appeal. Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 93A02-1501-EX-16 | October 21, 2015 Page 2 of 7 Discussion and Decision Standard of Review [4] The standard of review from a decision of the Review Board involves the
following analyses: (1) findings of basic fact are reviewed for substantial
evidence; (2) findings of mixed questions of law and fact—ultimate facts—are
reviewed for reasonableness; and (3) legal propositions are reviewed for
correctness. Recker v. Review Bd. of Ind. Dep’t of Workforce Dev., 958 N.E.2d 1136,
1139 (Ind. 2011). Ultimate facts are those which involve some inference or
deduction from the findings of basic fact. Id. Where those facts are within the
special competence of the Board, we will give greater deference to its
conclusions, broadening the scope of what can be deemed reasonable. Id. We
do not reweigh the evidence or assess witness credibility, but consider only the
evidence most favorable to the Board’s findings. Quakenbush v. Review Bd. of
Ind. Dep’t of Workforce Dev., 891 N.E.2d 1051, 1053 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008).
I. Evidence of Prior Write-Ups [5] Adams argues that the ALJ erred by allowing testimony and documents about
prior write-ups Adams had received for poor performance on the job and for
tardiness, saying that this allowed the employer to add violations to lend
support for the decision to discharge Adams. Mark Helmer, the general
manager of Jet’s Pizza, testified without objection about Adams’ fifteen prior
write-ups involving tardiness, failure to check orders before delivery, or failure
to follow direct instructions from supervisors. He said that although there is no
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 93A02-1501-EX-16 | October 21, 2015 Page 3 of 7 mapped disciplinary process that leads to termination, the general manager
determines when a discharge will occur based on the employee’s work record as
a whole. Discharge can occur for any single violation of a rule in the employee
handbook, and no employee similarly situated to Adams remained employed
after accruing even ten write-ups. Helmer claimed to have treated Adams
leniently, and described the incident prompting the final write-up as “the straw
that broke the camel’s back.” Tr. p. 8.
[6] The final incident occurred on the evening of September 1, 2014, when a
manager and two other employees were performing closing duties. The
manager told all employees that no one could leave until all tasks were
completed. He told Adams, who was mopping floors, to wait on mopping
because other workers were moving back and forth. Adams threw down the
mop and without permission went outside to sit in his car, still on the clock.
Five or ten minutes later, Adams returned to the store and, upon being asked
again to help the others, assisted with the closing. Once those tasks were
completed, Adams clocked out with the other workers. His supervisor
completed a write-up about the incident.
[7] The statute outlining the grounds for disqualification for employment benefits
makes clear that an employee discharged for just cause is ineligible for benefits.
Ind. Code § 22-4-15-1(a) (2014). The definition of discharge for just cause
includes the refusal to obey instructions. Ind. Code § 22-4-15-1(d)(5). Courts
have upheld refusal as just cause for discharge as a matter of law, recognizing
this declaration in the Code. See J.M. v. Review Bd. of Ind. Dep’t of Workforce Dev.,
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 93A02-1501-EX-16 | October 21, 2015 Page 4 of 7 975 N.E.2d 1283, 1289 (Ind. 2012) (denial of benefits affirmed where employee
refused to report time missed as directed).
[8] Whether an employer had just cause to terminate is a question of fact for the
Review Board to determine in each case based on the particular facts presented.
Russell v. Review Bd. of Ind. Dep’t. of Emp’t and Training Servs., 586 N.E.2d 942,
948 (Ind. Ct. App. 1992). Here, the Review Board’s decision is supported by
the facts it found.
[9] Adams points to testimony reflecting his side of the incident. In emphasizing
his version, however, Adams in effect asks us to reweigh the evidence.
Adhering to our standard of review, we decline. See Quakenbush, 891 N.E.2d at
1053.
[10] As for whether evidence of his prior write-ups should have been admitted,
Adams did not object until the parties were preparing for closing argument. He
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MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Oct 21 2015, 9:11 am Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
APPELLANT PRO SE ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES Loren Jay Adams Gregory F. Zoeller Westfield, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana Kyle Hunter Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Loren J. Adams, October 21, 2015
Appellant-Petitioner, Court of Appeals Case No. 93A02-1501-EX-16 v. Appeal from the Review Board of the Department of Workforce Development. Review Board of the Indiana The Honorable Steven F. Bier, Department of Workforce Chairperson. Development, and F&J Pizza III The Honorable George H. Baker, Member. LLC, The Honorable Larry A. Dailey, Appellees-Respondents. Member. Cause No. 14R-02417
Shepard, Senior Judge
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 93A02-1501-EX-16 | October 21, 2015 Page 1 of 7 [1] Loren J. Adams was fired from his job at Jet’s Pizza. The Indiana Department
of Workforce Development denied his claim for unemployment benefits,
concluding that he was fired for just cause. Adams contends that the evidence
does not support that finding, and that evidence needed to support his position
was not made available to him. We affirm.
Issues [2] Adams presents the following restated issues for our review:
I. Whether the Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) erred by allowing Adams’ employer to introduce evidence of write- ups for incidents prior to the one that prompted his discharge. II. Whether the ALJ erred by failing to obtain video tape evidence of the incident leading to Adams’ termination.
Facts and Procedural History [3] Adams had been a part-time delivery driver and inside staff person at Jet’s
Pizza for two years when his employment was terminated for insubordination
on September 2, 2014. After he was fired, Adams filed for unemployment
benefits, but his request was denied by the claims deputy, who found that
Adams had been discharged for just cause. Adams appealed, and an ALJ
conducted a full hearing, and concluded that Adams had been discharged for
cause. Adams appealed that decision to the Department’s Review Board,
where the denial of benefits was affirmed yet again. Adams now brings this
appeal. Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 93A02-1501-EX-16 | October 21, 2015 Page 2 of 7 Discussion and Decision Standard of Review [4] The standard of review from a decision of the Review Board involves the
following analyses: (1) findings of basic fact are reviewed for substantial
evidence; (2) findings of mixed questions of law and fact—ultimate facts—are
reviewed for reasonableness; and (3) legal propositions are reviewed for
correctness. Recker v. Review Bd. of Ind. Dep’t of Workforce Dev., 958 N.E.2d 1136,
1139 (Ind. 2011). Ultimate facts are those which involve some inference or
deduction from the findings of basic fact. Id. Where those facts are within the
special competence of the Board, we will give greater deference to its
conclusions, broadening the scope of what can be deemed reasonable. Id. We
do not reweigh the evidence or assess witness credibility, but consider only the
evidence most favorable to the Board’s findings. Quakenbush v. Review Bd. of
Ind. Dep’t of Workforce Dev., 891 N.E.2d 1051, 1053 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008).
I. Evidence of Prior Write-Ups [5] Adams argues that the ALJ erred by allowing testimony and documents about
prior write-ups Adams had received for poor performance on the job and for
tardiness, saying that this allowed the employer to add violations to lend
support for the decision to discharge Adams. Mark Helmer, the general
manager of Jet’s Pizza, testified without objection about Adams’ fifteen prior
write-ups involving tardiness, failure to check orders before delivery, or failure
to follow direct instructions from supervisors. He said that although there is no
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 93A02-1501-EX-16 | October 21, 2015 Page 3 of 7 mapped disciplinary process that leads to termination, the general manager
determines when a discharge will occur based on the employee’s work record as
a whole. Discharge can occur for any single violation of a rule in the employee
handbook, and no employee similarly situated to Adams remained employed
after accruing even ten write-ups. Helmer claimed to have treated Adams
leniently, and described the incident prompting the final write-up as “the straw
that broke the camel’s back.” Tr. p. 8.
[6] The final incident occurred on the evening of September 1, 2014, when a
manager and two other employees were performing closing duties. The
manager told all employees that no one could leave until all tasks were
completed. He told Adams, who was mopping floors, to wait on mopping
because other workers were moving back and forth. Adams threw down the
mop and without permission went outside to sit in his car, still on the clock.
Five or ten minutes later, Adams returned to the store and, upon being asked
again to help the others, assisted with the closing. Once those tasks were
completed, Adams clocked out with the other workers. His supervisor
completed a write-up about the incident.
[7] The statute outlining the grounds for disqualification for employment benefits
makes clear that an employee discharged for just cause is ineligible for benefits.
Ind. Code § 22-4-15-1(a) (2014). The definition of discharge for just cause
includes the refusal to obey instructions. Ind. Code § 22-4-15-1(d)(5). Courts
have upheld refusal as just cause for discharge as a matter of law, recognizing
this declaration in the Code. See J.M. v. Review Bd. of Ind. Dep’t of Workforce Dev.,
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 93A02-1501-EX-16 | October 21, 2015 Page 4 of 7 975 N.E.2d 1283, 1289 (Ind. 2012) (denial of benefits affirmed where employee
refused to report time missed as directed).
[8] Whether an employer had just cause to terminate is a question of fact for the
Review Board to determine in each case based on the particular facts presented.
Russell v. Review Bd. of Ind. Dep’t. of Emp’t and Training Servs., 586 N.E.2d 942,
948 (Ind. Ct. App. 1992). Here, the Review Board’s decision is supported by
the facts it found.
[9] Adams points to testimony reflecting his side of the incident. In emphasizing
his version, however, Adams in effect asks us to reweigh the evidence.
Adhering to our standard of review, we decline. See Quakenbush, 891 N.E.2d at
1053.
[10] As for whether evidence of his prior write-ups should have been admitted,
Adams did not object until the parties were preparing for closing argument. He
then objected to some of the write-ups because they were not signed and
claimed not to have seen at least one of them. We conclude that the ALJ did
not err by admitting evidence of the prior write-ups because they tell the full
story leading to the decision to discharge Adams for the final incident involving
insubordination. With respect to the conduct of hearings, the statute says
administrative law judges and others adjudicating unemployment
compensation claims during a hearing shall do so in accordance with rules
adopted by the Department of Workforce Development for determining the
rights of parties. Ind. Code § 22-4-17-6 (2009). Caselaw further establishes that
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 93A02-1501-EX-16 | October 21, 2015 Page 5 of 7 the decision to admit or exclude evidence is left to the sound discretion of the
administrative law judge. See e.g., Cornell v. Review Bd. of Ind. Emp’t Sec. Div.,
179 Ind. App. 17, 21, 383 N.E.2d 1102, 1105 (1979).
[11] Adams also claims error in the admission of the evidence because Manager
Helmer testified about the incident of insubordination but was not a witness to
it. Asked by the ALJ about the final incident, Helmer testified he was not
present on that evening but said the supervisor who wrote-up Adams was
present and would testify. The supervisor did just that. To the extent Helmer
testified about the last incident, he did so without objection and the issue is
waived. Further, Helmer’s testimony was cumulative of evidence offered by the
supervisor who was in charge that night. “The admission of evidence is
harmless and is not grounds for reversal where the evidence is merely
cumulative of other evidence properly admitted.” Gaines v. State, 999 N.E.2d
999, 1005 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013).
[12] There was sufficient, admissible evidence presented to support the denial of
benefits on the ground that Adams was discharged for just cause. The ALJ did
not err by admitting the challenged evidence.
II. Video Tape Evidence [13] Adams claims that the ALJ committed reversible error by “allowing the
employer to destroy” evidence Adams had requested for the hearing.
Appellant’s Br. p. 1. We disagree.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 93A02-1501-EX-16 | October 21, 2015 Page 6 of 7 [14] The incident occurred on September 1, 2014. Adams requested video tape from
the store on Friday, October 24, 2014 at 2:38 p.m. Ex. Vol. p. 18. The ALJ
issued a subpoena for the video and audio surveillance evidence two business
days later on October 28, 2014. Id. at 19-20. Testimony at the hearing,
however, established that the equipment at Jet’s Pizza stores records for just
fifty days. Tr. p. 2. After the fifty days pass, the system automatically records
over the previous video. Id. Thus, by the time Adams requested production of
the evidence, it no longer existed. As for whether Jet’s should have retained the
video in anticipation of being asked for it, we think the ALJ could well have
deemed such an omission as reflecting on Jet’s case. Still, there is no evidence
of any intent to undermine the proceeding by destroying evidence.
[15] Affirmed.
May, J., and Bailey, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 93A02-1501-EX-16 | October 21, 2015 Page 7 of 7