WR-77,157-02 COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS AUSTIN, TEXAS JULY 31, 2015 Transmitted 7/30/2015 6:45:27 PM Accepted 7/31/2015 8:38:50 AM ABEL ACOSTA No. WR-77,157-02 CLERK
EX PARTE DANIEL LEE LOPEZ, | IN THE Applicant. | | COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS | | OF TEXAS
CAUSE NO. 09-CR-0787-B
EX PARTE DANIEL LEE LOPEZ, | IN THE 117T H DISTRICT Applicant. | | COURT OF | | NUECES COUNTY, TEXAS
STATE’S MOTION TO DISMISS APPLICANT’S SUBSEQUENT APPLICATION FOR WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS
TO THE HONORABLE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS:
Comes now the State of Texas, by and through the District Attorney for the
105th Judicial District of Texas, and files this, its motion to dismiss Applicant’s
“Subsequent Application for Postconviction Writ of Habeas Corpus” and would
show the following:
I.
Procedural History of this Case
Applicant was convicted of capital murder and sentenced to death on the 5th
1 day of March, 2010, for murdering a police officer a year earlier.1
The verdict and judgment in Applicant’s case were reviewed on direct
appeal by this Court, which affirmed such judgment on October 12, 2012, see
Lopez v. State, No. AP-76,327, 2012 WL 5358863, 2012 Tex. Crim. App. Unpub.
LEXIS 1159 (Tex. Crim. App. Oct. 31, 2012) (not designated for publication), and
subsequently issued its mandate on November 27, 2012.
On April 18, 2012, this Court accepted Applicant’s waiver of appointment
of counsel to represent him in a post-conviction writ of habeas corpus under Tex.
Code Crim. Proc. art. 11.071 and found that his failure to timely file an application
for habeas corpus relief under that article constituted a waiver of all grounds for
relief that were available to him before the last date on which his application could
have been timely filed. See Ex parte Lopez, No. WR-77,157-01, 2012 Tex. Crim.
App. Unpub. LEXIS 1376 (Tex. Crim. App. Apr. 18, 2012) (not designated for
publication).
On July 1, 2014, the United States District Court for the Southern District of
Texas found Applicant competent to waive federal habeas review, found that he
1 As this Court noted in its opinion on Applicant’s direct appeal, the jury also convicted him of nine other offenses arising out of the same episode: assault on a public servant, attempted aggravated assault on a public servant, the attempted capital murders of five peace officers, evading arrest or detention using a vehicle and causing death, and possession of a controlled substance with intent to deliver.
2 did so knowingly and voluntarily, granted his motion to dismiss his habeas action
with prejudice, denied the post-judgment motion filed by his attorneys (the same
attorneys who have filed the present subsequent application), found that he was
competent to terminate representation by habeas counsel, and granted his motion
to dismiss counsel, effective on the conclusion of any appeal. See Lopez v.
Stephens, Civ. No. 2:12-CV-160, 2014 WL 2981056, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS
89213 (S.D. Tex. July 1, 2014) (unpublished).
Upon such appeal by counsel who were appointed for Applicant by the
federal district court against his will and who filed such appeal despite the
defendant’s wishes (the same attorneys who have filed the present subsequent
application), on April 6, 2015, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth
Circuit affirmed the district court’s order finding Applicant competent to waive
federal habeas proceedings and ordered that no further pleadings would be
accepted from counsel absent leave of court supported by Applicant’s election to
proceed through such counsel. See Lopez v. Stephens, 783 F.3d 524 (5th Cir.
2015), petition for cert. filed, No. 15-5141 (U.S. July 10, 2015).
On or about April 13, 2015, the convicting court received a pro se “Motion
to Declare Information About Appeal and Execution,” wherein Applicant asked
such court to set his execution date.
3 Applicant’s conviction having become final, on May 12, 2015, the
convicting court, in accordance with Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 43.141, entered an
order setting Applicant’s execution for August 12, 2015.
On July 6, 2015, a petition for writ of certiorari was filed on behalf of
Applicant by at least one of the same attorneys who has filed the present
subsequent application. The case was docketed by the Supreme Court on July 10,
2015, and the State’s response is due to be filed in that court by August 10, 2015,
two days before Applicant’s scheduled execution. Lopez v. Stephens, No. 15-5141
(U.S. July 10, 2015) See:
http://www.supremecourt.gov/Search.aspx?FileName=/docketfiles\15-5141.htm
On July 22, 2015, the District Attorney received notice from the Texas
Board of Pardons and Paroles that it had received a request, filed on behalf of
Applicant by at least one of the same attorneys who has filed the present
application, for Board consideration of commutation of Applicant’s death sentence
to a lesser penalty. The District Attorney responded to that request on July 27,
2015, notwithstanding the fact that he has never received a copy of such request.
On July 27, 2015: (1) a “Suggestion that the Court, on its Own Motion,
Reconsider its Decision Accepting Daniel Lee Lopez’s Waiver of State Habeas
Review”; (2) a motion for stay of execution while the Court considers that
4 “Suggestion,” (3) a motion for leave to appear in this Court to present that
“Suggestion”; (4) a motion for leave to appear in this Court to present a
subsequent application for writ of habeas corpus; and (5) a motion for stay of
execution while the Court considers that subsequent application for writ of habeas
corpus, were all filed this Court on behalf of Applicant by the same attorneys who
have filed the present application.
On July 28, 2015, the present “Subsequent Application for Postconviction
Writ of Habeas Corpus,” which asserts a claim of actual innocence, was filed on
behalf of Applicant. In such application, counsel prays that this Court stay his
execution, find that the claim raised therein satisfies Article 11.071, § 5, and
remand this case to the convicting court to allow counsel “to develop additional
evidence in support of this claim and either a new trial or an evidentiary hearing to
make findings on [their] claim that [Applicant] is actually innocent.”
It is unclear whether Applicant is aware of this subsequent application, the
clemency petition, the petition for writ of certiorari, the “Suggestion” that this
Court “on its own motion” reconsider its decision accepting Applicant’s waiver of
state habeas review, the motions for stay of execution, and the motions for leave to
appear, much less whether he authorized their filing on his behalf by the attorneys
he sought to dismiss .
5 On July 30, 2015, the State filed this motion to dismiss Applicant’s
subsequent application for habeas corpus, contending that the requirements of
Article 11.071, § 5(a) have not been satisfied, and requesting that, for that reason,
this Court enter an order dismissing his application as an abuse of the writ. See
Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 11.071, § 5(c) (West 2015). One version is being
filed with the clerk of the convicting court, and an alternate version, with this
Court and its cause number in the caption, is being electronically filed with this
Court.
In support of that motion, the State shows the following:
II.
Basis for Dismissing Applicant’s Subsequent Application
III.
The standard
If a subsequent application for a writ of habeas corpus is filed in a death
penalty case asserting a claim of actual innocence, as Applicant does here, a court
may not consider the merits of or grant relief based on the subsequent application
unless this Court finds that the application contains sufficient specific facts
establishing that, by a preponderance of the evidence, but for a violation of the
United States Constitution no rational juror could have found the applicant guilty
6 beyond a reasonable doubt. See Tex. Code Crim. App. Ann. art. 11.071, §5(a)(2),
(c) (West 2015).
To prevail in a freestanding claim of actual innocence, an applicant must
prove by clear and convincing evidence that, despite the evidence of guilt that
supports the conviction, no reasonable juror could have found the applicant guilty
in light of the new evidence. Ex parte Harleston, 431 S.W.3d 67, 70 (Tex. Crim.
App. 2014). The burden placed upon the applicant to prevail in such a claim is a
“Herculean task,” id., and relief is not warranted without an applicant having made
an exceedingly persuasive case that he is actually innocent. See Ex parte Navarijo,
433 S.W.3d 558, 567 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014). To do so, the applicant bears the
burden to prove that, if true, the newly discovered evidence not only casts a
sufficient doubt to undermine confidence in the verdict, but it also creates a
probability that the verdict would be different on retrial. See Ex parte Elizondo,
947 S.W.2d 202, 209 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996), superseded by statute for death
penalty cases as recognized in Ex parte Blue, 230 S.W.3d 151, 162 n.46 (Tex.
Crim. App. 2007). To determine whether an applicant has met this standard, the
habeas court must examine the new evidence in light of the evidence presented at
trial. See Navarijo, 433 S.W.3d at 567.
7 IV.
The gist of Applicant’s contention
Applicant asserts that had he testified during his trial that he didn’t
intentionally kill Lt. Alexander, as he did during a hearing in federal court to
determine his competency to waive federal review of his conviction, and had
evidence been admitted regarding his poor vision, his wearing contact lens at the
time of he struck Lt. Alexander that he had purchased off the streets and that
weren’t prescribed to him, and that at the time he struck Lt. Alexander, his eyes
were burning from his being pepper-sprayed earlier that evening, no rational juror
could have found him guilty of capital murder.
V.
But Applicant’s contention takes a lot for granted
This contention presupposes that the jury would have believed such
testimony had it been offered. And that no rational juror could not have believed
such testimony. But consider some of the facts that this Court discussed in its
opinion on Applicant’s direct appeal.
Appellant overlooks the fact that the jury also found him guilty of the
attempted capital murders of five other peace officers. Slip op. at 10. Did he not
intend any of those either?
8 And did his vision and the effects of pepper spray prevent him from seeing
Officer Cox, whom he had previously assaulted, when Applicant twice put his
Expedition in reverse and attempted to ram Cox’s vehicle, causing Cox to drive
onto curbs and sidewalks to avoid being hit? Could he not see Officer Ressler
when he was driving toward her at full speed and she had to sharply pull over to
the side of the road to avoid being hit head-on by Applicant? Or when he put his
Expedition in reverse and attempted to ram her vehicle? Could he not see Officer
Ybarra when Applicant made a U-turn during the pursuit and drove straight
toward Ybarra and Officer Cox, causing both of them to swerve out of his way?
Could Applicant not see the officers when he then made another U-turn and drove
toward them, forcing them to move out of his way? Or when he put his Expedition
in reverse, rammed the rear bumper of Ybarra’s vehicle, and drove away? Did
Applicant not see Officer Jasso or attempt to run into him when Jasso said
Applicant drove straight toward him, ran a stop sign, and made a “very specific
jerk” in his direction, forcing Jasso to drive “[a]bout two feet up onto the curb” to
avoid being struck by Applicant’s Expedition, as Applicant screamed out his
window at Jasso as he passed him? Slip op. at 5-6.
Could he not see the stop sticks that Officer Cunningham placed on the road
and was he just lucky when he swerved around them? Could he not see another set
9 of stop sticks that were placed in his path after striking Lt. Alexander and was he
again just lucky when he avoided them? Slip op. at 6-7.
Could Applicant not see the patrol cars containing Officers Carrazco,
Muniz, and McDonald that he began ramming once he was surrounded? Could he
not see Officer Carrazco, who testified that when he exited his vehicle and drew
his gun after his patrol car was rammed by Applicant, Applicant looked directly at
him and “immediately gunned it” with his wheels spinning, forcing Carrazco to
jump over the hood of a patrol car to avoid being run over by Applicant? Slip op.
7-8.
And would the jury necessarily have believed Applicant if he testified, as he
did during his federal court hearing, that he wasn’t going more than 2-3 m.p.h.
when he rammed the police cars that had surrounded him? (Subsequent
Application Ex. B, p. 86 [hereinafter “Ex. B”]). Or could a rational juror, as a
judge of the credibility of the witnesses, have believed the officers who testified
that as Applicant rammed their vehicles with his Expedition, he was using it as a
“battering ram,” while spinning his wheels and revvivng his engine, and that he
rammed one car hard enough that it pushed that car onto the grass and within a
few feet of a steep embankment. Slip op. at 7-8.
Had Applicant testified at trial as he did during his federal court hearing,
10 would a rational juror have had to believe he didn’t intentionally or knowingly
cause Lt. Alexander’s death, in spite of the fact that he boasted to jailers that he
was “the cop killer everyone has been talking about?” And in spite of the fact that
Applicant found it humorous that he would probably be charged with capital
murder and would probably be incarcerated “forever,” because, as he told a jailer,
“it doesn’t make any difference because as cop killers, when we go to T.D.C.,
we’re kings” and would not “want for anything?” Slip op. at 9.
In sum, would a rational juror have to have concluded, had Applicant
testified during his trial as he did during his federal court hearing, that he was
telling the truth and that he didn’t intend to run into Lt. Alexander that night, and
that he was little more than a Mr. Magoo, accidently driving toward everyone who
was pursuing him because of his vision problems, a bad set of contact lens, and the
effects of pepper spray?
Or could a rational juror have believed Applicant’s brother, who testified
that Applicant was a good driver and had practiced evasive driving maneuvers?
And that during the chase through their neighborhood, Applicant was able to
avoid at least six police cars pursuing him and that he ran into several police cars
before doing a “doughnut in reverse” and taking off? (19 R.R. at 137-142, 144,
146, 148-150).
11 And might a rational juror have believed Applicant’s testimony during his
federal court hearing wherein he said that when he had the contact lens in question
on, he “could read from far away.” (Ex. B, p. 73).
VI.
And this “new” evidence is neither new nor significant
As this Court noted in its opinion on Applicant’s direct appeal, the jury
heard testimony from his brother, his mother, and his ex-girlfriend. Applicant told
his brother and ex-girlfriend that he thought he hit a police officer, and he told his
mother that he thought “he ran over somebody.” When his mother later visited
Applicant in the hospital, he said, “They tell me I killed somebody” and explained
that he “couldn’t see” because “they had pepper sprayed him.” However, Officer
Cox testified that the pepper spray hit Applicant on the side of the head but not in
his eyes, and other officers testified that he did not appear to have been affected by
the pepper spray when he was taken into custody. Officer Garcia testified that he
heard Applicant tell his mother at the hospital that he “tried to stop before [he] hit
the officer.” Garcia added that there were no brake lights seen or skid-mark
evidence to substantiate that explanation. Slip op. at 8-9.
And in addition to what this Court noted in its opinion:
(1) Applicant’s ex-girlfriend testified that during one of numerous phone
12 calls made between her and Applicant while the chase was underway, he told her
that he “ran over a cop” and thought he had killed him. She said Applicant’s voice
was calm and that he never indicated whether he had intentionally or accidentally
done so. (16 R.R. at 316- 318, 321-333; 30 R.R. at State’s Ex. 46).
(2) Applicant’s brother testified that during one of the phone conversations
between Applicant and his ex-girlfriend, he (Applicant’s brother) grabbed the
phone from her and again told Applicant to stop. However, Applicant replied,
“No, because now there’s really something. They’re probably going to want to kill
me because I hit a cop ... Joey, I’m sorry, I think I hit a cop. I don’t know what to
do.” Applicant’s brother was puzzled by the latter statement, noting that if you hit
something with a vehicle, you know it. However, he said Applicant did not
indicate that he had done so on purpose. (19 R.R, at 138-139, 144-145, 147-149,
151).
(3) Applicant’s mother testified acknowledged that although Applicant told
her when she visited him in the hospital, “Mom, they tell me I killed somebody.”
When she replied, “Yes, the officer,” Applicant replied, “Mom, I couldn’t see.”
She said Applicant told her that the reason he could not see was because he had
been pepper-sprayed. Applicant’s attorney reenforced that fact by asking her a
number of times if Applicant said he couldn’t see. She acknowledged that she had
13 not mentioned that before trial but said that was because she had not been asked.
Detectives Rodriguez and Garcia, who were in the hospital room at the time, both
testified that Applicant’s mother never conveyed that information to them when
they interviewed her. Garcia also testified that Applicant never mentioned pepper
spray during the hospital visit. He did, however, testify, as this Court noted in its
opinion, that Applicant told his mother, “I tried to stop before I hit the officer.”
(17 R.R. at 55-60; 20 R.R. at 186-193, 242-249, 256-258).
(4) A woman with whom Applicant had lived for four years as a teenager
when he was dating her daughter, testified that Applicant wrote her several letters
about a month after Lt. Alexander’s death. In one of them, Applicant explained
why he had done what he had done. However, she testified, in Applicant’s letters,
he never said that he had struck Alexander on purpose or that he had done so
accidentally. (20 R.R. at 227-238; 34 R.R. at State’s Ex. 248).
Indeed, the basis for this subsequent application is no different than what
was also presented as the defensive theory at trial. As the federal district court
noted:
[Applicant’s] intent in killing Officer Alexander was the primary concern for jurors. To secure a capital conviction, the State had to prover beyond a reasonable doubt that [Applicant] intentionally or knowingly killed the victim. ... The State argued that the jury could infer [Applicant’s] intent from the circumstances surrounding the
14 murder, including: [Applicant’s] repeated efforts to avoid arrest, his violence against the officer who first pulled him over, his attempts to run over other officers, and testimony from eyewitnesses that he maneuvered his vehicle directly into the victim. ... The State also emphasized that [Applicant] previously said he would “do everything in his power to resist” arrest and “would die before” he “went back to jail.”
The defense vigorously argued that [Applicant] lacked the intent necessary for a capital murder conviction. According to the defense, [Applicant] was traveling at a high rate of speed as he approached the stop sticks manned by Officer Alexander. [Applicant] swerved to avoid the stop sticks, but because of poor lighting and pepper spray in his eyes, he never saw the officer. Under those circumstances, trial counsel urged the jury to find [Applicant] guilty of only a lesser offense. The jury found [Applicant] guilty of capital murder.
Lopez v. Stephens, 2014 WL 2981056, at *3.
The only thing “new” that Applicant proffers in his subsequent application
is that he testified during his federal court hearing that he didn’t intentionally kill
Lt. Alexander, whereas his statements to that effect came in through other
witnesses at trial because he didn’t testify at that time. But there was nothing to
prevent him from doing so. And this “new” evidence is therefore not significant.
Also “new” are the proffered two 2010 visual acuity tests reflecting
Applicant’s poor vision a year after Lt. Alexander’s was run down, and
Applicant’s testimony at the federal court hearing that the contacts he was wearing
at the time of Alexander’s death weren’t prescribed to him but rather were
15 purchased “on the streets.” But he also testified at that hearing, as noted above,
that when he had the contact lens in question on, he “could read from far away.”
So this “new” evidence is not significant either.
VII.
And the federal courts were not persuaded by the same arguments
Although he doesn’t mention this in his subsequent application, Applicant
raised a similar argument in his appeal from the federal district court’s order
finding him competent to waive federal review of his conviction and sentence. But
the Fifth Circuit found that it unpersuasive, noting:
On appeal, two arguments are asserted. First, the argument is offered that [Applicant] is incompetent to waive habeas review because he is wrong to think further judicial review would be unavailing. Specifically, counsel contends that [Applicant’s] sight was impaired both by his poor vision and also by pepper spray, and therefore he did not intentionally kill Lieutenant Alexander when he swerved and struck him during a police chase. This argument fails on several grounds. Factually, the jury heard testimony and attorney argument relating to the fatal impact—and specifically, disputed facts as to [Applicant’s] intentionality and vision—and, properly instructed as to the proof required of [Applicant’s] state of mind, thereafter entered its verdict of capital murder.
Lopez v. Stephens, 783 S.W.3d at 526.
In a footnote, the court added:
In district court, counsel acknowledged that the “chief issue, the central issue at trial was whether [Applicant] saw Officer Alexander and intentionally ran him over,” but suggested that the jury had not heard all relevant evidence pertaining to [Applicant’s] impaired
16 vision. As the district court catalogues, however, the pepper spray evidence was presented to the jury. Moreover, in district court, having heard counsel characterize him as legally blind, [Applicant] himself explained that yes, he has “terrible vision,” “but I had contacts, and I could see.”
Lopez v. Stephens, 783 S.W.3d at 526 n.2.
Thus, in his subsequent application, Applicant is simply re-urging the same
argument that Fifth Circuit found unpersuasive.
VIII.
Applicant has failed to make a threshold showing under Article 11.071, § 5(a)(2).
Applicant contends in his subsequent application and in his motion for stay
of execution that this Court should enter an order finding that the requirements of
Article 11.071, § 5(a)(2) have been satisfied. But for the reasons discussed above,
they have not.
Applicant has not proved by clear and convincing evidence that, despite the
evidence of guilt that supports his conviction, no reasonable juror could have
found him guilty in light of the “new” evidence he proffers in his subsequent
application—evidence that is essentially that which was presented to, but rejected
by, the jury during his trial, and which the Fifth Circuit did not find persuasive in
his appeal from the federal district court’s order finding him competent to waive
federal review of his conviction and sentence. And as such, his subsequent
17 application for writ of habeas corpus does not contain sufficient specific facts
establishing that, by a preponderance of the evidence, but for a violation of the
United States Constitution no rational trier of fact could have found the applicant
guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 11.071, §
5(a)(2) (West 2015).
IX.
Conclusion
Because Applicant has failed to make a threshold showing that the
requirements of Article 11.071, § 5(a) have been satisfied, the State’s motion to
dismiss Applicant’s “Subsequent Application for Postconviction Writ of Habeas
Corpus” should be granted.
WHEREFORE, the State prays this Court find that the requirements of
Article 11.071, § 5(a) have not been satisfied, and that it therefore enter an order
dismissing Applicant’s subsequent application for writ of habeas corpus as an
abuse of the writ, pursuant to Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 11.071, § 5(c) (West
2015).
18 Respectfully submitted,
/s/ James D. Rosenkild James D. Rosenkild State Bar No. 17279200 Assistant District Attorney 901 Leopard St., Rm. 206 Corpus Christi, Texas 78401-3602 (361) 888-0410 (361) 888-0700 (fax) james.rosenkild@co.nueces.tx.us
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
This is to certify that the word count of the computer program used to prepare this motion indicates that such motion contains 4,013 words, not counting the following, if part of this motion: the caption, identity of parties and counsel, statement regarding oral argument, table of contents, index of authorities, statement of the case, statement of issues presented, statement of jurisdiction, statement of procedural history, signature, proof of service, certification, certificate of compliance, and appendix. See Tex. R. App. P. 9.4(i).
/s/ James D. Rosenkild James D. Rosenkild
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
This is to certify that a copy of this motion to dismiss was served this 30th day of July, 2015, via certified electronic service provider on David R. Dow, Esq., at ddow@central.uh.edu (and mailed to him at University of Houston Law Center, 100 Law Center, Houston, TX 77204-6060), and on James Gregory Rytting, Esq., at james@hilderlaw.com (and mailed to him at Hidler & Associates, 819 Lovett Blvd., Houston , TX 77006-3905), and was mailed to Applicant, TDCJ #999555, TDCJ-CID, Polunsky Unit, 3872 FM 350 South, Livingston, TX 77351.
/s/ James D. Rosenkild James D. Rosenkild