Lopes Casiano v. Bondi

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
• Decided: June 13, 2025
• Docket: 24-513
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS JUN 13 2025 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

DALTON JUNIOR LOPES CASIANO, No. 24-513 Agency No. Petitioner, A216-984-775 v. MEMORANDUM* PAMELA BONDI, Attorney General,

Respondent.

On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted June 11, 2025** Pasadena, California

Before: BYBEE, IKUTA, and FORREST, Circuit Judges.

Dalton Junior Lopes Casiano petitions for review of the Board of Immigration

Appeals’ (BIA) dismissal of his appeal from the immigration judge’s (IJ) decision

denying his application for relief from removal as abandoned and ordering his

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). removal.1 We deny the petition.

Where the BIA provides its own reasoning, as it did here, we review the BIA’s

decision, except to the extent it expressly adopts the IJ’s decision. Diaz-Reynoso v.

Barr, 968 F.3d 1070, 1075–76 (9th Cir. 2020). We review the agency’s decision to

deem an application waived for abuse of discretion, Gonzalez-Veliz v. Garland, 996

F.3d 942, 948 (9th Cir. 2021), and we review due-process challenges de novo, Olea-

Serefina v. Garland, 34 F.4th 856, 866 (9th Cir. 2022).

1. Application Waiver. The agency did not abuse its discretion in finding

that Lopes Casiano waived the opportunity to apply for relief from removal by not

filing his application by the deadline set by the IJ. See 8 C.F.R. § 1003.31(h) (“If an

application or document is not filed within the time set by the immigration judge,

the opportunity to file that application or document shall be deemed waived.”); see

also Taggar v. Holder, 736 F.3d 886, 889 (9th Cir. 2013) (concluding there was no

abuse of discretion when the petitioner failed to file her application by the filing

deadline set by the IJ).

Citing Arizmendi-Medina v. Garland, 69 F.4th 1043 (9th Cir. 2023), Lopes

1 Lopes Casiano did not include his family members’ names or alien “A” numbers in his petition for review. Thus, we conclude Lopes Casiano is the sole petitioner in this case. See Perez-Perez v. Bondi, 127 F.4th 1180, 1182 (9th Cir. 2025) (holding that the “naming requirement” under Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 15(a)(2)(A) is satisfied when a petitioner lists a beneficiary’s name or “A” number in the caption or body of the petition). 2 Casiano contends the IJ violated his due-process right to a full-and-fair hearing by

denying his petition as waived. To allege a due-process violation, a petitioner must

demonstrate that (1) the process was so “fundamentally unfair” that it prevented the

petitioner from reasonably presenting his case, and (2) the petitioner suffered

prejudice such that “the outcome of the proceeding may have been affected by the

alleged violation.” Id. at 1048 (citing Zetino v. Holder, 622 F.3d 1007, 1013 (9th

Cir. 2010)). Due process is satisfied when the petitioner is “given an opportunity ‘to

be represented by counsel, prepare an application for . . . relief, and . . . present

testimony and other evidence in support of the application.” Zetino, 622 F.3d at 1013

(alterations in original) (emphasis added) (citation omitted).

Here, the IJ clearly articulated the filing deadline five months in advance and

the consequences for failing to meet it. Lopes Casiano was represented by counsel,

and he had an opportunity to apply for relief and failed to do so. These facts do not

change because the district court granted his former counsel’s motion to withdraw

one day before the filing deadline due to Lopes Casiano’s lack of communication.

Under these circumstances, Lopes Casiano has not demonstrated that the agency’s

conduct in deeming his application abandoned “was so fundamentally unfair” that it

“prevented [him] from reasonably presenting his case.” Cf. Arizmendi-Medina, 69

F.4th at 1048 (holding that the petitioner’s due-process rights were violated when

the filing deadline was ambiguous, the petitioner’s counsel offered to submit the

3 application the day of the filing deadline, and the IJ denied the petitioner’s request

for a continuance). Lopes Casiano’s argument that the IJ should have given him an

opportunity to attend his scheduled merits hearing likewise fails. Because the agency

did not err in deeming his application abandoned and he had already conceded

removability, nothing remained to be done at the previously scheduled hearing.

Lopes Casiano also contends the agency violated his statutory due-process

right to counsel by deeming his application waived. Under 8 U.S.C. § 1362,

noncitizens have a right to counsel “[i]n any removal proceedings.” See also Orozco-

Lopez v. Garland, 11 F.4th 764, 776 (9th Cir. 2021). And where “an immigrant has

engaged counsel and the IJ is aware of the representation, if counsel fails to appear,

the IJ must take reasonable steps to ensure that the immigrant’s statutory right to

counsel is honored.” Hernandez-Gil v. Gonzales, 476 F.3d 803, 808 (9th Cir. 2007).

But an IJ’s “affirmative duty does not and should not entitle or allow a petitioner to

‘game the system’ or to improperly delay the judgment day by asking for endless

continuances or by failing to be diligent in the pursuit of representation.” Ram v.

Mukasey, 529 F.3d 1238, 1242 (9th Cir. 2008). Because Lopes Casiano does not

dispute that he failed to communicate with his former counsel, his counsel continued

representation until just before the filing deadline, and he did not request a

continuance to obtain new counsel, we conclude that there was no due-process

violation.

4 2. Motion to Remand. Lopes Casiano argues that the BIA abused its

discretion in denying his motion to remand because (1) his former counsel provided

ineffective assistance and (2) he presented newly available evidence to the BIA,

warranting remand.

Lopes Casiano failed to exhaust his ineffective-assistance-of-counsel

argument below. While a petitioner need not raise an issue “in a precise form during

the administrative proceeding,” he must “do more than make a ‘general challenge to

the IJ’s decision.’” Bare v. Barr, 975 F.3d 952, 960 (9th Cir. 2020) (citation omitted).

Before the BIA, Lopes Casiano raised ineffective assistance in one sentence within

the context of his due-process arguments discussed above. Contrary to what he

argues on appeal, he did not address how his former counsel failed to perform with

sufficient competence, nor did he respond to the evidence submitted in his former

counsel’s motion to withdraw demonstrating his lack of communication.

Lopes Casiano argues that newly available evidence warrants remanding his

case to the agency based on a statement from his U.S. employer that she intends to

sponsor him for an employment-based visa. But as the BIA properly concluded,

Lopes Casiano has neither demonstrated that he applied for an employment-based

visa nor established that he meets the eligibility requirements for such a visa. Thus,

Lopes Casiano has not established that this newly available evidence is likely to

change the outcome of his case. See Young Sun Shin v. Mukasey, 547 F.3d 1019,

5 1025 (9th Cir. 2008) (“Aliens who seek to remand or reopen proceedings to pursue

relief bear a ‘heavy burden’ of proving that, if proceedings were reopened, the new

evidence would likely change the result in the case.” (citation omitted)).

PETITION DENIED.