Green, Judge:
The general character of this case as gathered from the numerous bills of exceptions, which set out merely what the evidence tended to prove, not what was proven, or even all that the evidence tended to prove, is, that on October 12, 1881, the plaintiff and defendant executed the paper,' which accompanied the^bill of particulars filed with the declaration, which was in assumpsit and contained nothing but the common counts. By this contract Black agreed to pay to Logie [15] on each several claim.against the "United States, which he procured any person to put in the hands oí Black as a claim agent to collect two fifths of the net amount, which by the contract, which Logie made with these several parties, Black should receive as compensation for the amount collected from the United States authorities on such claims, the payment on each claim to be made to Logie as soon as the claim was collected by Black from the government. The same per cent. was to be paid to Logie in like manner on all claims, which before that time he had procured and put in the hands of Black for collection. Logie was to make the several contracts with difierent parties, whereby they employed Black as their attorney to collect their several claims, and he was to contract with them for such a per cent, as he could get the parties to agree to pay to Black. During the years 1872 and 1,873 Logie made several contracts of this character with several parties. He made contracts during those years with James IT. Snyder, John "Welcome, Randolph Custer, N. S. Shaull and William Green, who severally agreed to pay to Black as their attorney thirty-five per cent, of the amount collected, and in each of their agreements a provision was inserted that of this thirty-five per cent, to be paid to Black Logie was to receive twelve per cent, and Black twenty-three. Logie’s compensation was thus a little less than two fifths of the amount Black would receive as his compensation on these claims, and there was evidence tending to show that this change in the amount to be received by Black and Logie respectively was made with their mutual approval.
In 1872 Logie made a contract with John W. Hill and one with A. J. Johnson, who severally agreed to pay to Black as their attorney thirty and twenty-five per cent, respectively on the amount collected on their several claims against the United States government. The amount, which Logie was to get on these contracts, was two fifths of the net amount of compensation to be paid to Black. These contracts are all set out in bill of exceptions No. 5. In the bill of particulars filed with the declaration Logie claims his share of the commissions received by Black on these and also on several other claims.
Black in his special plea of recoupment states that among [16] the claims so placed in his hands for collection were claims of Thomas Wysoug, Philip Moler, George W. Cockrell, George A. Beckwith and John Welshams, none of which are named in the bill of particulars'filed with the declaration, and all of which, this plea says, were good claims against the United States government and that after he had incurred expenses and performed labor in attempting the collection of those several claims, Logie procured these parties severally to revoke the agency and authority of Black to collect them and procured from these parties authority for other persons to collect then!, they giving to Logie a compensation for so doing. Black claims to recoup the whole amount of the damages 'lie thereby sustained, which, this plea says, is equal to the plaintiff’s entire claim. The only evidence in the record to support any of the allegations in this plea is the evidence of Black, except a statement made at the trial, that if two of these persons, who had put claims in the hands of Black through Logic’s procurement had been present at the trial, they would with reference to their claims have supported the allegations in this plea of recoupment. lie states among other things that his original contract with George W. Cockrell was for fifty? per cent, of the amount of the claim he might collect. But after it was revoked, he made a new contract with him for thirty-five per cent, and collected the claim under this contract losing thereby, he says, one hundred and forty dollars, about fifteen per cent, of the amount collected. Ifo states,'that on the claim of Beckwith he had got the quartermaster’s agent to recommend the allowance of one thousand eight hundred dollars or one thousand nine hundred dollars, when a revocation of his power of attorney in Logie’s handwriting was filed, which greatly embarrassed him, Black, and so interfered with the prosecution of the claim as to prevent favorable action upon it. What he got upon it, or whether he ever got anything, does not appear. He estimates his loss on account of this interference at six or seven hundred dollars. Wysong’s claim, ho thinks, was good, but it was not prosecuted because of this revocation of authority, when the evideuce could have been procured. lie estimates roughly his loss on this account as three hundred dollars or [17] four hundred dollars. He says he lost by the revocation ol Philip Moler’s power of' attorney one hundred dollars. The record does not show that it was ever collected. He estimates his loss because of the revocation of Joseph Welshams’ power of attorney at seventy-five dollars. All these statements were excepted to because there was no evidence to show that the power of attorney to him in any of these cases was revoked. And as to the damages stated they were mere opinions of Black, and the facts', on which they were based, were not stated. ITe states that it is a matter of controversy whether these powers of attorney are to be regarded by the department at Washington as revocable or not, the department ruling differently at different times. It being sometimes held that such a power of attorney cannot be revoked without cause.
With reference to the claims stated in the bill of particulars he says, he agreed verbally with Snyder, that, as Logie rvas disbarred from practicing before the departments in Washington because of misconduct, he -would charge him but twenty-five permit, on bis claim instead of thirty-five per cent. He says with reference to Nicholas S. Shaull’s claim, it was collected and an order given by the department to pay to Nicholas S. Shaull’s order, and this draft was handed to him by one Lloyd, a former attorney of Shaull’s to collect this claim. A considerable portion of this deposition was stricken out as not proper to go to the jury, as set out in bill of exceptions No. 7. I need not state it in detail. It covered his statements about costs he had paid; his statement that he had agreed with Hnyderto reduce his charge of collection to twenty-five per cent; his statement that he had paid three hundred and fifty-two dollars in taking depositions in Custer’s claim. He had stated with reference to the Shaull claim, that he and Loyd were both agents and both got it allowed in different departments; but it could only be paid once, and he discovered that Lloyd rvas entitled to the order. But Lloyd said, that as he, Black, had had some trouble about the matter and could see Shaull early, he would give the draft to him, if he would pay him some forty-two dollars and fifty cents or sixty-two dollars and fifty cents, he did not remember which. The reasons thus given why Lloyd passed [18] over this order to Black were stricken out by the court. His statements about his losses by the revocation of the orders of Moler, Beckwith and Welshamswere all stricken out by the court. This was the basis of exception Ho. 7.
This statement of the general character of the case will enable us to comprehend the various instructions granted and refused by the court. But to enable, us to determine whether there were any errors in the proceedings of the circuit court we must first consider what are the principles of law applicable in this case.
The most important question is: Were Logie and Black partners in these transactions ? Bor if they were it is obvious that Logie could not bring against Black an action of assumpsit, this partnership, if there ever was one, not having been' settled by the parties. The agreement between them of October 12, 1871, seems to me to be free from all ambiguity. By it Logie was to have two-fifths of the net compensation, which Black received, on each claim separately, as it was collected. Logie was not bound to procure claims for Black; but for whatever claims, he did procure for him, Black agreed to pay to him two-fifths of his net compensation. In ascertaining Black’s net compensation on any claim the fees, which he had paid for depositions in that case, or any other expenses specially incurred in prosecuting that particular case would be deducted; but of course no allowance could bo made for his general expenses as a claim-agent, but only his actual expenses proven in each case; and even these could not be allowed except under proper pleadings. Ho parol evidence of any sort should be allowed to explain the meaning of this contract, as it is free from all ambiguity. The several agreements made with different parties by Logie under this contract set out in bill of exceptions Ho. 5 -were obviously proper to be received, as they were taken under this contract, and in some of them by a subsequent modification of the terms of this contract Logie’s compensation was slightly reduced.
The letter of James Logie to G. W. Z. Black dated August 30, 1875, does not in any way affect the construction ol the original contract of the parties dated October 12, 1871. Bor the agreement referred to in it as constituting a partnership [19] is one dated nearly two years afterwards, and which is nowhere set out in the record. This agreement of October 12, 1871, it seems to me, did not create any partnership. It merely fixes the compensation Logie was to receive for each claim which he had before that put into Black’s hands for collection, and declared that the compensation Logie shdtild get for all claims which he might thereafter, put into Black’s hands for collection, should be the same. Here clearly was no community of profits between these párties for carrying on a legal business, which is necessary to constitute a partnership. Bor by a community of profits in a legal business is meant a joint and mutual interest in the profits of the business. See Setzer v. Beale et als., 19 W. Va. 274. Here was no joint and mutual interest in the claim-business, but simply a separate and fixed amount to be paid to Logie by Black for each separate claim, which he procured and put into his hands as a claim-agent. And there is no reason why Logie under this contract might not have sued Black for his compensation on each separate claim so placed in Black’s hands immediately on the collection of each separate claim.
The next enquiry is: Was this a case, in which Black could recoup against the demand of Logo under this contract any damages, which he might have sustained by Logie’s having procured persons to revoke their powers of attorney and contracts with Black, when these powers of attorney had been procured for Black by Logie? An examination of the authorities in reference to when the plea of recoupment eau.be filed, or when recoupment maj'- be relied upon as a defence, leads me to the conclusion, that, when the basis of the plaintiff’s action is a contract, and his complaint is that there has been a breach of such contract by the defendant, then the defendant may if he chooses recoup any damages, which may have resulted to him by a breach of another portion of the same contract or of a contract made at the same time and constituting a part and parcel of the same transaction, whether contained all in one writing or in two separate writings, or one in a writing and the other parol, provided however they are all one transaction. See Still v. Hall, 20 Wend. 51; Batterman v. Pierce, 3 Hill 171; Sawyer v. Wiswell, 9 Allen 43; McHardy v. Wadsworth, 8 Mich. 350; [20]*202 Parsons on Contracts 247, note to Cutter v. Powell, 2 Smith’s Lead. Cas. 35; Dermott v. Jones, 2 Wal. 1; B. & O. R. Co. v. Bitner, 15 W. Va. 464.
The defendant cannot recoup, unless his damages to be recouped arise from some breach of contract by the plaintiff, whibh is in some such way, as we have pointed out, directly connected with the contract on which the action is based, and a part of the same transaction out of which the contract sued on arose. In the present case the defendant can have no such right to recoup as he claims. Por by the contract of October 12, 1871, as I interpretit, Logiewas placed under no obligations expressed or implied to Black. lie neither expressly nor by implication agreed to procure claims for Black to prosecute. Had he done so, perhaps the procuring without anv just cause of the revocation of Black’s authority to prosecute these claims, if done by Logie, might be regarded as a breach of his agreement with Black to procure for him such claims. Bat he never did agree to procure claims for Black to prosecute or to do anything else. How then could his procuring of the revocations be regarded as a breach of any obligation expressed or implied imposed on Logie by the contracts of October 12, 1871V This being the case Black can not in this suit recoup these damages. Tt may or it may not be that he may have an action of tort against Logie for inducing Black’s clients to revoke his authority to prosecute and collect their claims. It may have been done forlnstance by slandering Black, representing him to be unworthy of all confidence; and this might give him a right to sue Logie for damages; but he cannot recoup these damages in this action.
The only mode, in which Logie could kuow his compensation under this agreement of October 12, 1871, was by knowing the whole amount of the claim, which Black had collected. It is true' that in a particular case Black might have spent money in paying for depositions taken, but in' many cases no money would be so spent by him. lie may or may not have been at expenses in the prosecution of a particular case distinct from his general personal expenses as claim-agent. Such expenses he had a right under the contract of October 12, 1871, to deduct from his gross compen[21] sation in order to ascertain bis net compensation, two fifths of which he agreed to pay over to the plaintiff’. But, it seems to me, he could not take the defendant by surprise by undertaking to prove at the trial, that in a particular case he had paid for depositions or had been at other expense, which it was legitimate to subtract, before his net compensation could be ascertained. If he designed to do so he should have given notice to the plaintiff by filing a detailed account of all such moneys paid in taking depositions in each particular case or in other legitimate expenses which he had incurred in prosecuting each claim named in the bill of particulars, so as to afford the plaintiff a reasonable opportunity to enquire into their accuracy, .and, if deemed necessary, to summon witnesses to testify on the subject.- It would have been a bill of off-sets, in which the plaintiff should have been charged with two fifth of these expenses; and in this list should have been included the forty-two dollars and fifty cents or sixty-two dollars and fifty cents, which, the 'defendant testifies, he paid to Lloyd before he could collect Shaull’s claim; for it, as the defendant claims, like other necessary expenses had to be paid and abated from his compensation, before his net compensation could be ascertained. The effect of the agreement of October 12, 1871, was to require" Logie to pay two fifths of. these expenses and deductions, when he came to demand his compensation, when each several claim was collected by the defendant. And he should have been- notified of this claim against him by the defendant in each several case by filing such a bill of off-sets. Failing to file any bill of off-sets he could at the trial prove no such expenses or deductions.
"With reference to the continuance of cases by the circuit court, it may bo regarded as settled law in Virginia and in this State, that where a party has obtained one qr more continuances at prior terms of the court, and the court in the exercise of its discretion refuses to again continue his case, even when he has brought himself apparently within the general rule, which ordinarily entitles a party to a continuance, the appellate court will not reverse such case because’ of the refusal of the circuit court to grant such continuance, unless the party complaining makes out a very strong case, [22] and the appellate court sees, that the party has suftered from an abuse by the circuit court of its legal discretion. Some appellate courts have gone farther than ours and have held, that they would not review the exercise ot such discretion by the inferior court, whose opportunities of exercising its discretion in such case must greatly exceed that of the appellate court. We have however determined that the exercise of such discretion is reviewable; but under such circumstances the leaning of the Court will be strong to support the action of the circuit court.
In Brooks v. Calloway, 12 Leigh 474, Allen, Judge, delivering the opinion of the court says: “With respect to the motion for a continuance, if the question were open, I should be of opinion, that when the law does not give the right to continue, as in cases of revivor against a personal representative, but the application is to the discretion of the court, an appellate court ought not to look into the question whether this discretion was properly exercised. The court below secs the party, hears his statement, and has an opportunity of forming a correct opinion in regard to his motives; the party who applies is a witness in his own behalf: The application being addressed to the court, it must decide upon the credit to be given to his statements. Men of loose moral character are not restrained in such cases from making affidavits through fear of punishment. The facts so far as open to examination may be true; .the witness may have been summoned, and be absent, without default of- the party, and he will say he believes him to be material; but there is no means of ascertaining whether that belief is well or ill founded. It seems to me the supreme court in Woods, &c., v. Young, 4 Cranch. 237, laid down the.correct rule. The rule however has been settled otherwise in Virginia. But I am not disposed to extend it further. * * * Milstead v. Redman, 3 Munf. 219, was a much stronger case for a continuance. There the defendant obtained a continuance at November; at March there was a verdict for the plaintiff and a new tidal; at May the cause was continued for the defendant; and at August term he- again moved for a continuance, because of the absence of two material witnesses, who acknowledge service of the subpoena and the husband of one of them stated [23] she was too ill to attend the court. The motion to continue was overruled and this judgment was affirmed.”
When the court as in this case refuses a continuance to the defendant, who has obtained two continuances before, hut by adjourning the trial of the case affords his counsel an opportunity to take the deposition of the absent witness to be read at the trial, it would seem to be entirely clear that the appellate court would not reverse the judgment because a continuance was not granted. The circuit court in such case has shown an anxious desire to do the defendant justice and has granted him every indulgence consistent with a regard to the plaintiff’s rights. It no doubt in its anxiety-not to injure the defendant subjected other suitors to inconvenience by thus adjourning the case over to a future day for trial; for in so doing it must have deranged the docket to the prejudice of others. No one has a right to demand the court in any ease so to act; and if the court refuses to do so, this Court will assume, that it had sufficient reason, and will not even review its action. See Brooks v. Calloway, 12 Leigh pp. 474, 475.
The presence of a party to a suit to aid and assist his counsel in the trial is not ordinarily considered essential; and very many cases are tried in the absence of the parties. And the absence of the party not as a witness but simply as a party to aid his counsel in the trial of a case would but rarely be regarded as a ground for a continuance, especially when there had already been one or more continuances. Certainly it would not in any case be regarded as good ground for a continuance, though he was necessarily absent, unless there was satisfactory evidence, that in that' particular case it was a matter of great importance to his interest, that the case should not be tried in his absence. The case of McAlexander v. Hairston’s Ex’or, 10 Leigh 488, shows only that when there arc strong reasons, why a case should be continued, some weight would be attached to the fact, that the party asking a continuance had been prevented by severe illness from making preparation for the trial.
¥e will now apply these principles of law to the ease before us.
The first bill of exceptions is to the refusal of the court to [24] continue the case. Assuming for the sake of argument that the affidavit of Bauson the physician of the defendant, that he was too sick to attend the court, obtained by telegraph the notary administering the oathbeing in Charlestown, while the affiant was in Harper’s Berry, still the defendant can not on the principles we have laid down complain before this Court, that his case was not continued, as the record shows, that at the two preceding terms the case had been continued tor him, and the record also further shows that before the case was actually tried its trial was postponed to give to the counsel for the defendant an opportunity to take his deposition de bene esse, and it was taken and read to the jury at the trial of the case. As to the supposed necessity of his being personally present to aid his counsel in the progress of the trial it is sufficient to say, that no continuance of the case was asked on that account, and there is no proof, that his counsel either needed or desired his personal presence in order to assist him during the progress of the trial.
The fourth bill of exceptions is that the court refused to -give an instruction, that in such a case, as we have stated, the defendant was entitled to recoup notwithstanding lié had made a new contract with the claimant or claimants and recovered something on said claim or claims. The court refused to grant the instruction as drawn by defendant’s counsel because of its having previously given an instruction, that the defendant was entitled to recoup under such circumstances, as there was evidence tending to establish in this case. The defendant objected principally, because the 'proviso in his instruction was omitted in the instruction given by the court. We have stated that the court below ought not to have permitted the plea of recoupment to be filed in this case, and that in this case the defendant had no right to recoup any of his damages, if he had sustained any, by the plaintiff improperly proemúng a revocation of his authority to collect certain claims, which had been put in his hands by the plaintiff under the agreement of Oct. 12, 1871. Of course therefore the defendant cannot complain that his instruction contained in this fourth bill of exceptions was not granted. The only error committed by the court was in granting the instruction mentioned in the fourth bill of ex[25] ceptions; but this was an error, according to the views we have expressed, in favor of the defendant, and of which he can not complain.
The fifth bill of exceptions was to the admission of the various contracts made by Logie with - different parties, whereby they agreed to employ the defendant, Black, as their attorney severally to prosecute their claims against the United States, and whereby they agreed to give him a certain p?r cent, of the amount recovered, there being evidence tending to show that the plaintiff had obtained these contracts, and that they remained in his hands without objection by the defendant, and that they were procured under the contract of October 12, 1871. The parties to these contracts were some of those named in the bill of particulars filed with the declaration. The court obviously did right in permitting those contracts to go to the jury,- as they tended directly to prove the plaintiff’s demand, and were the best evidence that these claims had been put into Black’s hands for. collection, which was a fact not disputed, but they also showed the exact amount of the per cent, which Black was to receive for collecting these claims; and on this depended the amount which the plaintiff was entitled to demand of the defendant, if it was proven that these claims were collected by Black and the amount so collected.
The sixth bill of exceptions is to the refusal of the court to grant an instruction, that if the jury believe that the plaintiff and defendant were partners, they must find for the defendant. This would have been good law, if it had had any application to the case; but, as we have seen, the written contract of October 12, 1871, between the plaintiff and defendant clearly shows that they were not partners as a legal question; and there was no evidence in the case, solaras the record shows, showing that there was any contemporaneous correspondence or acts or subsequent correspondence and contract, which tended to show, that they' were partners. And indeed there being no ambiguity in the original contract, such correspondence and acts could not be resorted to by' the parties to interpret the contract. The court therefore properly' refused to submit to the jury the question, whether there ivas or Avas not a partnership, as it Avould have done by [26] granting the instruction set out in the sixth bill of exceptions.
The seventh bill of exceptions was to the court striking out and not permitting to go to the jury certain portions of Black’s deposition, hereinbefore described. They were not only properly stricken out on the ground of their impertinence in this case, but other portions of this deposition might properly have been stricken out. In fact nearly the whole of the deposition was taken to show either the amount, which the defendant claimed he had a right to recoup, because the plaintiff had procured the revocation of his authority to collect certain claims, and to show that he had taken great trouble and been at great expense in prosecuting both the claims, the collection of which was thus stopped and also those claims, his authority to collect which had not been involved. His statements were generally vague and indefinite but in one or two instances he specified amounts which he had expended in claims actually collected. Now we have seen he was not entitled in this case to recoup any damages which he had sustained, nor was he entitled to any allowance for his expenses- or other- deductions which affected his compensation, he having failed to file any bill of offsets. Nearly the whole of his deposition was therefore irrelevant; and the court might properly have struck out more of it -than was stricken out.
Instructions 5, 6 and 10 contained in the eighth- bill oí exceptions were properly rejected by the court, as the defendant ivas not entitled to recoup in this case. The ninth instruction contained in this eighth bill of exceptions was properly rejected. • It asked the court to instruct the jury, that under the declaration in this ease the plaintiff could not recover any claim against the defendant for breaking of his contract. No special count was necessary in order to recever on this contract, but a recovery could be had under the common courts, because nothing remained to be done under this contract except for the defendant to pay over the several amounts, which under this contract were due to the plaintiff.
The bill of particulars filed with the declaration specified each sum thus claimed to be due under this contract.
[27] Of the plaintiff's instructions contained in bill of exceptions No. 9, instructions No. 12 and No. 2 were clearly proper to be given according to the views of the law we have expressed. The third instruction in reference to the defendant’s right to recoup as well as the sixth instruction, ought not to have been given, but as the giving of them was beneficial rather than injurious to the defendant he can not complain in this Court. The fifth instruction ought not to have been given ; but in lieu thereof an instruction should have been given, that Black the defendant was not entitled to have abated any part of the money'he paid to Lloyd the first attorney of Sliaull as a means of procuring the draft in favor of Sliaull. The propriety of giving this instruction in this form follows from the failure of Black to file the amount or rather two fifths of it as an oft-set in this case. If he was not entitled to any abatement on account of any payment he had made to Lloyd, it must follow that this fifth instruction was erroneous, but that he could not possibly be prejudiced by its being given and can not complain of it in this Court. I will not consider whether this fifth instruction as given would or would not have been erroneous, had the defendant filed this bill of set-off, as it does not properly arise in the case.
The tenth bill of exceptions is to the refusal of the court on its own motion to permit the plaintiff to answer questions as to the losses he had sustained or that the defendant Black had sustained on claims not allowed by the United States government, and also as to the expenses they had each incurred in reference to such claims. It was according to the views we have expressed clearly light in not permitting such questions to be answered; for it is obvious that on the pleadings in this case no allowance could have been made to either plaintiff or defendant on account of such losses and expenses.
I have considered all the bills of exceptions in this case except the one marked No. 8. It sets out the evidence in reference to Thomas ~W. "VVysong and George W. Cockrell, who it was admitted would, if present, testily, that their claims were obtained under the agreement of October 1, 1871, and placed in the hands of the defendant Black to collect, and after he performed work and labor in their, col[28] lection and incurred expenses about the same, the plaintiff Logie came to them and persuaded them to revoke the agency and authority of Black to collect these claims, and Black testified he lost thereby on Wysong’s claim three hundred dollars or four hundred dollars roughly estimated and on Cockrell’s claim one hundred and forty dollars; but while he says this, his own testimony seems to show that he lost nothing by the revocation of his power to collect this claim of Cockrell. The amount collected was nine hundred dollars or one thousand dollars he says. The first contract he says was for fifty per cent of the claim. This under the agreement of October 12, 1871, would entitle him to thirty per cent. Logie being entitled to the remaining twenty per cent. Black’s thirty per cent would have amounted to from two hundred and seventy dollars to three hundred dollars. But lie says after it was revoked by Logie’s agency he made another contract with Cockrell to collect the same for thirty-five per cent.; and he seems to consider that he thus lost fifteen per cent, on this claim, that is from one hundred and forty dollars to one hundred and fifty dollars. .But this does not seem to be the truth; for under his second contract of course he did not share his compensation with Logie and at thirty-five per cent, his compensation was from three hundred and fifteen dollars to three hundred and fifty dollars or from forty-five dollars to fifty dollars more than it would have been under the contract, which Logie caused to be rescinded. So that instead of losing one hundred and forty dollars on this contract by this recission he seems to have gained not less than forty dollars.
This bill ot exceptions after setting out this evidence states, that the jury brought into the court, when they returned their verdict, a memorandum signed by the foreman giving the items, which they had allowed the plaintiff', and showing they had not allowed the defendant to recoup any damages. The court put this verdict in form: We the jury find for the plaintiff on the issue joined and assess his damages at one thousand six hundred and seventy-two dollars and eighty-six cents, which was the aggregate of the items allowed the plaintiff in the first memorandum of the verdict brought into the court. The defendant on this state of facts moved [29] the court to sot aside the verdict and grant him a new trial, on the ground that the jury had tailed to allow him any damages on his special plea of recoupment; hut the court overruled the motion. We have said that the court ought not to have allowed this plea oí recoupment to be filed, and if a new trial had been awarded ought to have stricken it out. I can not see therefore that the defendant was inj ured by this action of the court.
The counsel have argued the question, whether we can look at this memorandum of the jury to show that they allowed no damages to the defendant on his p\Qíi oí recoupment. My impression is that we have no right to look at this paper, and if so, of course there is no ground for granting a new trial; but if we did look at it, we could not say that the jury erred in allowing no damages on this plea of recoupment, had it been proper to permit it to be filed. For absolutely the only evidence to show that the defendant had sustained any damages was his own evidence, which -we have seen was very unsatisfactory as to Cock-rell’s claim, and from it the jury might well infer he had reaped an advantage by what is called in the plea of recoupment, the plaintiff’s misconduct. But we are entirely in the dark as to what extent the testimony of the defendant may have been impeached by evidence contradicting him on other points, on which he deposed, or his general character for veracity majp for anything the record shows, have been shown to be such as that he was totally unworthy_of-belief on oath. There are parts of his deposition in the record, which would seem to show that he, Black, was to say the least not very high-toned. Logie had been disbarred from practicing before the depart-' ments in "Washington for his misconduct, and after that he, Black, agreed -with Snyder that instead of charging him thirty-five per cent, for collecting his claim, he would collect for twenty-five per cent, which was two per ceut. more than he would have got under the former contract made by Logie. ■But by .this new arrangement Logie was to get nothing. This looks like very sharp practice on Logie by Black. And his excuse that Logie was disbarred from practicing before the departments iu Washington seems to be no sort of an excuse for such conduct. For by the agreement of October 12, 1871, Black alone was to prosecute these claims before [30] the departments in Washington. If it be true that Logie did get certain parties to revoke the authority of Black to collect their claims, as I suppose he did, though ho originally got them to put them into Black’s hands for collection, yet who can say that he was not justified in so doing? His reasons for so doing does not appear in this record; but it does appear, that Black according to his own statement without any just cause was endeavoriug to deprive Logie of his share of the compensation in one claim at least. If Logie returned this compliment in bind Black would seem to have little to complain of. This Court cannot say, that from the evidence before the jury not certified in this record the jury did not have a right to regard as wholly unreliable all that was said by Black in his deposition. As no other evidence was introduced to show, that he sustained any damage under his plea of recoupment, we cannot say they did wrong in allowing him no damages. But as we have said he had no right to put in such plea and no right to recoup any damages in this case.
Having reviewed all the questions named in this case my conclusion is, that there is no error in the proceedings to the prejudice of the defendant and that the judgment of the circuit court of Jefferson of March 10, 1882, must be affirmed; and the plaintiff in error must pay to the defendant in error his costs in this Court expended and damages according to law.
Affirmed.