Mb. Justice Sbibas
delivered the opinion of the court.
This was a bill filed by judgment creditors of the Cincinnati, Columbus and Hocking Yalley Railway Company to compel E. L. Harper and others to pay their respective unpaid subscriptions to the capital stock of said company, .in order that the same might be applied to the payment of complainants’ judgments, which remained' unsatisfied after proceedings at law.
The bare statement of the facts attending the organization of the railway company fully justifies the opinion of the court below “.that the entire organization was grossly fraudulent from first to last, without a single honest incident or redeeming feature.”
It having been found, on convincing evidence, that the over-valuation of the property transferred to the railway company by Harper, in pretended payment of the subscriptions to the capital stock was so gross and obvious as, in connection with the other facts in the case, to clearly establish a case of fraud, and to entitle
bona fide
creditors to enforce actual payment by the subscribers, it only remains to consider the effect of the defences set up.
The first is set up by Harper himself, in his answer to the bill of complaint; the other by Lloyd, assignee for the benefit of creditors of Harper, and -who filed an answer and likewise a cross-bill.
Harper’s defence, beyond the allegation that the stock subscriptions had been fully paid up by a transfer of property to the railway company, consisted- in the assertion that Preston & McHenry were estopped from .alleging, as judgment creditors of the railway company, that the capital stock was not adequately and actually paid up, because they were cog: nizant of the proceedings by which the company was organized, ajid privy to the arrangement whereby the property referred to was taken in full payment of this stock; and that the other complainants claimed under and through Preston & McHenry, and were, therefore, affected by their knowledge and complicity in the transaction.
Issues were taken on this allegation of Harper, and it was found by the court below that Preston & McHenry did not agree or understand that the subscriptions to the capital stock of the railway company, whose bonds they agreed to take in payment of Harper’s indebtedness to them, were to be paid by the simple transfer of the property to the railway company, but that they understood that the stockholders of the company were to be subject to the liabilities imposed by the law of Ohio, namely, full payment in money or its equivalent, and, in addition, one hundred per cent individual liability, and that they were in nowise chargeable with knowledge of or complicity in the company’s illegal organization.
An examination of the evidence contained in the record satisfies us of the correctness of this conclusion of the court below.
This brings us to a consideration of the second ground of defence, which is the one advanced by Lloyd, the assignee. He alleges that the original indebtedness of Harper to Pres- . ton & McHenry, in payment of which they took the bonds of the railway company, arose out of gambling transactions in wheat deals at the Chicago Board of Trade; and he claimed, accordingly, that not only were the bonds void in their hands, but likewise the judgments obtained thereon against the railway company; and he further claimed, in his cross-bill, the recovery of a large sum of money paid by Harper to Preston .& McHenry, on account of these alleged gambling transactions, before the settlement between the parties which resulted in their taking the railway bonds in payment of the balance due them. '
It was the opinion of the court ■ below that there was absolutely no testimony in support of either the answer or the cross-bill of the assignee.
The only. evidence disclosed by the record, on this issue, appears at pages 46 and 4Y, and we fully concur with the court below- that neither this evidence nor any'offer of evidence made on behalf of the defence, if taken to be true, established the case of a gambling transaction.
Complaint is made by the assignee of the course of the court
below, in striking out of his answer, on motion, the allegations pertaining to the supposed gambling transactions, and in sus- • taining the demurrer to his cross-bill.
This action of the court was probably based on the view ■urged on behalf of the complainants, that Lloyd, as assignee, ■ could not be heard, in this suit, to impeach the validity of the judgments obtained against the railway company, by going into an investigation of the nature of the original transaction-out of which had arisen the indebtedness of Harper to Preston & McHenry, and in a settlement of which the bonds had been received by the latter.
But it does not appear to be necessary to inquire into the reasons of the action of the court below in this respect, nor to consider whether the legal position implied in that action was sound, because, as we have seen, and as.the court below held, there was no evidence admitted or offered which sufficed, to sustain the allegation that the transactions between Harper and Preston
&
McHenry were of a gambling character.
Hence, if those allegations had been permitted to stand in Lloyd’s answer, there was no evidence to support them, and he was not injured by the order of the court in striking them out. But it is plain that the court treated those allegations as before it, applied the evidence to them, and held that they were not sustained; so that, even if the course of the court was somewhat irregular, in striking out the allegations, and in afterwards passing upon them and the evidence offered to support them, the defendants were not thereby injured.
This view-of the case renders it unnecessary to consider the question whether Hai’per, as the ownér of the capital stock cif • the railway company, was concluded by the judgments obtained by the complainants against the railway company, and whether he or his assignee can go behind them, to disclose the nature of the business transactions between Harper and Preston
&
McHenry.
There is an assignment of error to the...decree wherein it subjects the estate of Harper, in the hands’,.of his assignee, to liability on account of stock standing in the name of
W.
D. Lee. But the court below found, from the evidence, that Lee
took and held this stock for the use and benefit of Harper, and, though served, he permitted the bill, with its allegations to that effect, to go unanswered. The Ohio statute, applicable to railway companies, provides that
“
the term ‘ stockholders ’ shall apply not only to such persons as appear by the books of the corporation to be such, but to any equitable owner of stock, although the stock appears on the books in- the name of another.”
It does not appear, therefore, that the court erred in holding the same measure of liability to apply to Harper’s stock stand•ing in the name of Lee as to that standing in his own name.
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Mb. Justice Sbibas
delivered the opinion of the court.
This was a bill filed by judgment creditors of the Cincinnati, Columbus and Hocking Yalley Railway Company to compel E. L. Harper and others to pay their respective unpaid subscriptions to the capital stock of said company, .in order that the same might be applied to the payment of complainants’ judgments, which remained' unsatisfied after proceedings at law.
The bare statement of the facts attending the organization of the railway company fully justifies the opinion of the court below “.that the entire organization was grossly fraudulent from first to last, without a single honest incident or redeeming feature.”
It having been found, on convincing evidence, that the over-valuation of the property transferred to the railway company by Harper, in pretended payment of the subscriptions to the capital stock was so gross and obvious as, in connection with the other facts in the case, to clearly establish a case of fraud, and to entitle
bona fide
creditors to enforce actual payment by the subscribers, it only remains to consider the effect of the defences set up.
The first is set up by Harper himself, in his answer to the bill of complaint; the other by Lloyd, assignee for the benefit of creditors of Harper, and -who filed an answer and likewise a cross-bill.
Harper’s defence, beyond the allegation that the stock subscriptions had been fully paid up by a transfer of property to the railway company, consisted- in the assertion that Preston & McHenry were estopped from .alleging, as judgment creditors of the railway company, that the capital stock was not adequately and actually paid up, because they were cog: nizant of the proceedings by which the company was organized, ajid privy to the arrangement whereby the property referred to was taken in full payment of this stock; and that the other complainants claimed under and through Preston & McHenry, and were, therefore, affected by their knowledge and complicity in the transaction.
Issues were taken on this allegation of Harper, and it was found by the court below that Preston & McHenry did not agree or understand that the subscriptions to the capital stock of the railway company, whose bonds they agreed to take in payment of Harper’s indebtedness to them, were to be paid by the simple transfer of the property to the railway company, but that they understood that the stockholders of the company were to be subject to the liabilities imposed by the law of Ohio, namely, full payment in money or its equivalent, and, in addition, one hundred per cent individual liability, and that they were in nowise chargeable with knowledge of or complicity in the company’s illegal organization.
An examination of the evidence contained in the record satisfies us of the correctness of this conclusion of the court below.
This brings us to a consideration of the second ground of defence, which is the one advanced by Lloyd, the assignee. He alleges that the original indebtedness of Harper to Pres- . ton & McHenry, in payment of which they took the bonds of the railway company, arose out of gambling transactions in wheat deals at the Chicago Board of Trade; and he claimed, accordingly, that not only were the bonds void in their hands, but likewise the judgments obtained thereon against the railway company; and he further claimed, in his cross-bill, the recovery of a large sum of money paid by Harper to Preston .& McHenry, on account of these alleged gambling transactions, before the settlement between the parties which resulted in their taking the railway bonds in payment of the balance due them. '
It was the opinion of the court ■ below that there was absolutely no testimony in support of either the answer or the cross-bill of the assignee.
The only. evidence disclosed by the record, on this issue, appears at pages 46 and 4Y, and we fully concur with the court below- that neither this evidence nor any'offer of evidence made on behalf of the defence, if taken to be true, established the case of a gambling transaction.
Complaint is made by the assignee of the course of the court
below, in striking out of his answer, on motion, the allegations pertaining to the supposed gambling transactions, and in sus- • taining the demurrer to his cross-bill.
This action of the court was probably based on the view ■urged on behalf of the complainants, that Lloyd, as assignee, ■ could not be heard, in this suit, to impeach the validity of the judgments obtained against the railway company, by going into an investigation of the nature of the original transaction-out of which had arisen the indebtedness of Harper to Preston & McHenry, and in a settlement of which the bonds had been received by the latter.
But it does not appear to be necessary to inquire into the reasons of the action of the court below in this respect, nor to consider whether the legal position implied in that action was sound, because, as we have seen, and as.the court below held, there was no evidence admitted or offered which sufficed, to sustain the allegation that the transactions between Harper and Preston
&
McHenry were of a gambling character.
Hence, if those allegations had been permitted to stand in Lloyd’s answer, there was no evidence to support them, and he was not injured by the order of the court in striking them out. But it is plain that the court treated those allegations as before it, applied the evidence to them, and held that they were not sustained; so that, even if the course of the court was somewhat irregular, in striking out the allegations, and in afterwards passing upon them and the evidence offered to support them, the defendants were not thereby injured.
This view-of the case renders it unnecessary to consider the question whether Hai’per, as the ownér of the capital stock cif • the railway company, was concluded by the judgments obtained by the complainants against the railway company, and whether he or his assignee can go behind them, to disclose the nature of the business transactions between Harper and Preston
&
McHenry.
There is an assignment of error to the...decree wherein it subjects the estate of Harper, in the hands’,.of his assignee, to liability on account of stock standing in the name of
W.
D. Lee. But the court below found, from the evidence, that Lee
took and held this stock for the use and benefit of Harper, and, though served, he permitted the bill, with its allegations to that effect, to go unanswered. The Ohio statute, applicable to railway companies, provides that
“
the term ‘ stockholders ’ shall apply not only to such persons as appear by the books of the corporation to be such, but to any equitable owner of stock, although the stock appears on the books in- the name of another.”
It does not appear, therefore, that the court erred in holding the same measure of liability to apply to Harper’s stock stand•ing in the name of Lee as to that standing in his own name. Nor does the objection that the decree was for an unnecessarily large amount, thus forming a basis for an inequitable division of the proceeds of the assets of - Harper’s estate, appear to be well founded. The amount of the decree is not, as suggested by the assignee, the joint and aggregate amount of the Harper and Lee stock, but is -restricted to the aggregate amount of the judgments owned by the complainants.
Error is likewise assigned to the allowance of interest on the judgments after the date .of Harper’s assignment. .It is claimed that, as against the estate in the hands of the assignee, interest ceased from the date of the assignment.
There is nothing before us to show that there are not funds in the hands of the assignee sufficient to pay Harper’s debts in ' full, with interest t.o the date of payment, and as it does not appear that this matter was brought to the attention of the court below, when framing the decree, or at any time, we do not feel disposed to disturb the decree.
Finding no error in the record, the decree of the court below is
Affirmed.,
The Chief Justice, not having heard the argument, did not take part in the decision of this case.