NARICK, Senior Judge.
Peter Listino (Claimant) appeals from an order of the Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board (Board) which reversed a referee’s grant of Claimant’s penalty petition. We reverse.
Claimant, a regional director of agencies and marketing manager for INA Life Insurance Company (Employer), was injured in an automobile accident on October 27, 1987, while in the course of his employment. As a result, Claimant suffered injuries to his neck, back, ribs and jaw, and subsequently received benefits under a Notice for Compensation Payable. On March 29, 1988, Claimant signed a supplemental agreement asserting his ability to return to work on January 25, 1988, at no loss of salary.
On November 3, 1988, Claimant was involved in a second automobile accident while in the course of his employment. Claimant thereafter filed a claim petition on October 28, 1991, alleging that he suffered injuries to his left knee and further injuries to his back and neck from this second automobile accident.1 Claimant, on December 7, 1989, was involved in a third non-work-related automobile accident.
On January 23,1991, Claimant filed a petition to set aside a final receipt, later amended by Claimant to a reinstatement petition, alleging Claimant’s continued affliction from the injuries received from his first work-related automobile accident on October 27, 1987. On June 18, 1991, Claimant filed a penalty petition alleging Employer’s failure to pay for Claimant’s medical treatment. Employer asserted that Claimant’s medical treatment was unrelated to Claimant’s first two work-related automobile accidents, and therefore, it was not responsible for payment of Claimant’s medical bills after March 1991.
Following a hearing, a referee granted Claimant’s petition for reinstatement, dismissed Claimant’s claim petition for his second automobile injury of November 3, 1988, and granted Claimant’s petition for penalties for Employer’s refusal to pay Claimant’s medical expenses.2 The referee ordered Employer to pay Claimant partial disability benefits, all outstanding medical bills, and awarded penalties in the amount of twenty [47]*47percent interest and attorney’s fees and costs.
Employer appealed to the Board on the sole issue of the referee’s imposition of penalties. The Board reversed and ruled that the referee erred as a matter of law by determining that Employer was obligated to file a petition for review prior to unilaterally ceasing to pay for Claimant’s medical charges.
On appeal before this Court,3 Claimant argues that the Board erred, as a matter of law, in reversing the referee’s grant of penalties. Specifically, Claimant asserts that an employer cannot unilaterally cease payment of a claimant’s medical bills when the injury being treated is causally connected to the work-related injury.
The Board, in reaching its decision, relied upon King v. Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board (Wendell H. Stone Co.), 132 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 292, 572 A.2d 845 (1990), overruled in part by Stonebraker v. Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board (Seven Springs Farm), 163 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 468, 641 A.2d 655 (1994).4 However, since the state of the law has changed, we must examine this case under the new standard concerning an employer’s unilateral refusal to pay a claimant’s medical bills, which has recently emerged from this Court.
In Stonebraker v. Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board (Seven Springs Farm, Inc.), 163 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 468, 641 A.2d 655 (1994), we held that a referee cannot grant a retroactive termination of a claimant’s medical benefits. In essence, an employer must pay all of a claimant’s medical bills until a referee terminates these benefits. Further, regardless of the validity of these “pre-decision” medical bills, a referee cannot retroactively terminate liability for medical bills paid for before his decision. In Stoneb-raker, this Court clearly held that an employer has an “absolute duty” to pay a claimant’s medical bills until a referee determines that liability no longer exists. Also, an employer must bear the burden of proof to show that a claimant’s medical bills are not necessary or are unreasonable.5 Further, this Court in Stonebraker overruled King, “to the extent that [it] ... supports the proposition that an employer may unilaterally cease payment of medicals prior to a referee’s termination of liability_” Id. at 476, 641 A.2d at 659.
This Court, however, in Buchanan v. Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board (Mifflin County School District), 167 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 335, 648 A.2d 99 (1994), provided a refinement to an employer’s “absolute duty” to pay a claimant’s medical bills as enunciated Stonebraker. A clear distinction was established in Buchanan between “reasonableness” and “causation” cases. In all cases where an employer questions the reasonableness and necessity of a claimant’s work-related medical bills, the Sto-nebraker rule6 applies. However, if an employer believes medical bills are “caused” by a non-work-related injury, an exception may apply.
The employer, who questions “causation” and the subsequent medical bills, may escape penalty provision liability for unilaterally ceasing to pay for these medical benefits, if a referee later determines that these medical bills are indeed not causally related to the work-related injury. In such a situation, the employer is (1) not subject to penalties under the Act and (2) is not responsible to pay retroactively for a claimant’s medical treatments.
This case, however, is factually distinguishable from Buchanan because the referee [48]*48found Claimant’s medical costs to be directly related to his work-related injury. As such, this case presents us with an issue of first impression, which is whether an Employer, who unilaterally ceases a Claimant’s medical payments on causation grounds, can be liable for penalties if a referee later finds that the medical charges are “caused” by the work-related injury. As in Buchanan, the Employer here unilaterally stopped paying Claimant’s medical bills because Employer felt that these bills were not causally related to the work-related accidents. As previously noted, however, the referee did find the medical bills to be causally related to Claimant’s October 27, 1987 work-related car accident and accordingly determined that liability for these bills remained with Employer. As such, the referee awarded Claimant penalties under Section 435(d)(i) of the Act7 due to Employer’s violative act of unilaterally ceasing to pay for Claimant’s medical bills.
When an employer unilaterally ceases to pay a claimant’s medical costs based upon an alleged lack of causation, and the referee later determines these bills to be causally related to the work-related injury, we hold that the Stonebraker rule8 applies.
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NARICK, Senior Judge.
Peter Listino (Claimant) appeals from an order of the Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board (Board) which reversed a referee’s grant of Claimant’s penalty petition. We reverse.
Claimant, a regional director of agencies and marketing manager for INA Life Insurance Company (Employer), was injured in an automobile accident on October 27, 1987, while in the course of his employment. As a result, Claimant suffered injuries to his neck, back, ribs and jaw, and subsequently received benefits under a Notice for Compensation Payable. On March 29, 1988, Claimant signed a supplemental agreement asserting his ability to return to work on January 25, 1988, at no loss of salary.
On November 3, 1988, Claimant was involved in a second automobile accident while in the course of his employment. Claimant thereafter filed a claim petition on October 28, 1991, alleging that he suffered injuries to his left knee and further injuries to his back and neck from this second automobile accident.1 Claimant, on December 7, 1989, was involved in a third non-work-related automobile accident.
On January 23,1991, Claimant filed a petition to set aside a final receipt, later amended by Claimant to a reinstatement petition, alleging Claimant’s continued affliction from the injuries received from his first work-related automobile accident on October 27, 1987. On June 18, 1991, Claimant filed a penalty petition alleging Employer’s failure to pay for Claimant’s medical treatment. Employer asserted that Claimant’s medical treatment was unrelated to Claimant’s first two work-related automobile accidents, and therefore, it was not responsible for payment of Claimant’s medical bills after March 1991.
Following a hearing, a referee granted Claimant’s petition for reinstatement, dismissed Claimant’s claim petition for his second automobile injury of November 3, 1988, and granted Claimant’s petition for penalties for Employer’s refusal to pay Claimant’s medical expenses.2 The referee ordered Employer to pay Claimant partial disability benefits, all outstanding medical bills, and awarded penalties in the amount of twenty [47]*47percent interest and attorney’s fees and costs.
Employer appealed to the Board on the sole issue of the referee’s imposition of penalties. The Board reversed and ruled that the referee erred as a matter of law by determining that Employer was obligated to file a petition for review prior to unilaterally ceasing to pay for Claimant’s medical charges.
On appeal before this Court,3 Claimant argues that the Board erred, as a matter of law, in reversing the referee’s grant of penalties. Specifically, Claimant asserts that an employer cannot unilaterally cease payment of a claimant’s medical bills when the injury being treated is causally connected to the work-related injury.
The Board, in reaching its decision, relied upon King v. Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board (Wendell H. Stone Co.), 132 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 292, 572 A.2d 845 (1990), overruled in part by Stonebraker v. Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board (Seven Springs Farm), 163 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 468, 641 A.2d 655 (1994).4 However, since the state of the law has changed, we must examine this case under the new standard concerning an employer’s unilateral refusal to pay a claimant’s medical bills, which has recently emerged from this Court.
In Stonebraker v. Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board (Seven Springs Farm, Inc.), 163 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 468, 641 A.2d 655 (1994), we held that a referee cannot grant a retroactive termination of a claimant’s medical benefits. In essence, an employer must pay all of a claimant’s medical bills until a referee terminates these benefits. Further, regardless of the validity of these “pre-decision” medical bills, a referee cannot retroactively terminate liability for medical bills paid for before his decision. In Stoneb-raker, this Court clearly held that an employer has an “absolute duty” to pay a claimant’s medical bills until a referee determines that liability no longer exists. Also, an employer must bear the burden of proof to show that a claimant’s medical bills are not necessary or are unreasonable.5 Further, this Court in Stonebraker overruled King, “to the extent that [it] ... supports the proposition that an employer may unilaterally cease payment of medicals prior to a referee’s termination of liability_” Id. at 476, 641 A.2d at 659.
This Court, however, in Buchanan v. Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board (Mifflin County School District), 167 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 335, 648 A.2d 99 (1994), provided a refinement to an employer’s “absolute duty” to pay a claimant’s medical bills as enunciated Stonebraker. A clear distinction was established in Buchanan between “reasonableness” and “causation” cases. In all cases where an employer questions the reasonableness and necessity of a claimant’s work-related medical bills, the Sto-nebraker rule6 applies. However, if an employer believes medical bills are “caused” by a non-work-related injury, an exception may apply.
The employer, who questions “causation” and the subsequent medical bills, may escape penalty provision liability for unilaterally ceasing to pay for these medical benefits, if a referee later determines that these medical bills are indeed not causally related to the work-related injury. In such a situation, the employer is (1) not subject to penalties under the Act and (2) is not responsible to pay retroactively for a claimant’s medical treatments.
This case, however, is factually distinguishable from Buchanan because the referee [48]*48found Claimant’s medical costs to be directly related to his work-related injury. As such, this case presents us with an issue of first impression, which is whether an Employer, who unilaterally ceases a Claimant’s medical payments on causation grounds, can be liable for penalties if a referee later finds that the medical charges are “caused” by the work-related injury. As in Buchanan, the Employer here unilaterally stopped paying Claimant’s medical bills because Employer felt that these bills were not causally related to the work-related accidents. As previously noted, however, the referee did find the medical bills to be causally related to Claimant’s October 27, 1987 work-related car accident and accordingly determined that liability for these bills remained with Employer. As such, the referee awarded Claimant penalties under Section 435(d)(i) of the Act7 due to Employer’s violative act of unilaterally ceasing to pay for Claimant’s medical bills.
When an employer unilaterally ceases to pay a claimant’s medical costs based upon an alleged lack of causation, and the referee later determines these bills to be causally related to the work-related injury, we hold that the Stonebraker rule8 applies. Therefore, an employer must pay all the medical costs accrued until the date of the referee’s decision, as well as future medical costs, and further, it is subject to penalties under the Act, at the discretion of the referee.
An employer who unilaterally stops paying a claimant’s medical bills based solely on causation, assumes the risk of exposure to possible penalty liability contingent upon a referee’s ruling concerning the causal relation of the medical costs. In general, the Stonebraker rule remains valid law and shall be applied in all situations except those where the narrowly construed Buchanan ease applies.
In this case, the referee found Claimant’s medical bills as of March 19919 were related to his work-related ear accident of October 27,1987. Further, the referee found that Employer engaged in an excessive and unreasonable delay in failing to make these payments.
Our review of the record reveals substantial evidence supports the referee’s grant of penalties under the Act to Claimant. As previously discussed, the Board committed an error of law in reversing the referee’s decision as to penalties.
Accordingly, we reverse the decision of the Board and reinstate the referee’s grant of penalties to Claimant.
ORDER
AND NOW, this 12th day of May, 1995, the order of the Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board is hereby reversed and the referee’s grant of penalties to Claimant is reinstated.