Lessel Meredith v. State

189 S.W.3d 395, 2006 Tex. App. LEXIS 2661, 2006 WL 851150
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedApril 4, 2006
Docket06-05-00175-CR
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 189 S.W.3d 395 (Lessel Meredith v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Lessel Meredith v. State, 189 S.W.3d 395, 2006 Tex. App. LEXIS 2661, 2006 WL 851150 (Tex. Ct. App. 2006).

Opinions

[396]*396OPINION

Opinion by Justice CARTER.

On May 31, 2005, Lessel Meredith pled guilty to the offense of delivery of cocaine in the amount of one gram or more but less than four grams, a second-degree felony, see Tex. Health & Safety Code Ann. § 481.112(a), (c) (Vernon 2003), and submitted the issue of punishment to the trial court.1 The punishment range for a second-degree felony includes imprisonment for any term of not more than twenty years or less than two years, and a fíne not to exceed $10,000.00. Tex. Pen.Code Ann. § 12.33 (Vernon 2003). The indictment contained no enhancement paragraphs. However, before trial, the State filed a notice of intent to seek an enhanced punishment,2 alleging Meredith had been previously convicted of a felony offense. See Tex. Pen.Code Ann. § 12.42(b) (Vernon Supp.2005). The trial court assessed Meredith’s punishment at thirty-five years’ imprisonment. Meredith now appeals raising two points of error. We affirm.

In his first point of error, Meredith contends the trial court erred by finding the punishment enhancement allegation to be “true” without first asking him to enter a plea to the allegation. The record shows the trial court never asked Meredith or his trial counsel to enter a plea regarding the State’s punishment enhancement allegation.3 The trial court’s written admonishments did not specifically note that Meredith’s punishment range might be increased if the punishment allegation was found to be true, nor did Meredith’s written waiver of rights include a written plea regarding the State’s punishment enhancement allegation. During the plea proceeding, however, the State informed the trial court that the State would be dismissing a third felony case in exchange for Meredith’s guilty pleas “to the two second degrees that are once enhanced....” Meredith did not object to this statement. And, when the trial court pronounced sentence, Meredith did not raise any objection that the court’s thirty-five-year sentence was illegal or outside the proper range of punishment.

Last month, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals received a somewhat similar case in Marshall v. State, 185 S.W.3d 899 (Tex.Crim.App., 2006). There, the indictment contained no punishment enhancement allegations, but the State had filed a pretrial notice of intent to seek an enhanced punishment pursuant to Section 12.42 of the Texas Penal Code. See Tex. Pen.Code Ann. § 12.42 (Vernon Supp. 2005); Marshall, at 901. During the punishment trial, the trial court did not ask Marshall to plead to the enhancement charges; the trial court did, however, enter a “not true” plea on Marshall’s behalf. Marshall, at 903. On appeal, Marshall argued the trial court erred by failing to read the enhancement allegations and obtain his plea thereto. The Marshall court noted that the defendant could — and should — have objected to the procedural error once it became clear the trial court would allow the State to seek punishment under the enhanced range. Id. at 903. [397]*397Because Marshall failed to object, the trial court’s error (in faffing to ask Marshall to enter a formal plea) did not result in automatic reversal; instead, further harm analysis was required. Id. at 903.

If prior convictions are alleged by the State for punishment enhancement purposes, the proper procedure is for the trial court to ask the accused to enter a formal plea to those allegations diming the punishment trial. Tex.Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 36.01(a)(1) (Vernon Supp.2005). In the case now on appeal, the trial court erred by not asking Meredith to enter a plea regarding the State’s punishment enhancement allegations. Meredith has not alleged this error is of constitutional dimension, and we believe it is properly characterized as a procedural violation of a statutory provision. Therefore, because the error is nonconstitutional, we must ignore it unless the error affected Meredith’s substantial rights. See Tex.R.App. P. 44.2(b).

At Meredith’s initial plea, the State informed the trial court that the State would (1) agree to waive its right to a jury trial, (2) allow Meredith to plead guilty to the second-degree charges that are once enhanced and submit the issue of punishment to the trial court, and (3) dismiss a third charge, all in exchange for Meredith’s guilty plea to the second-degree charges that were enhanced to first-degree punishment. Meredith did not raise any objection to this statement by the State. During that process, the trial court asked the parties what the punishment range was in these cases. The State answered, “First degree felonies.” Again, Meredith did not object. The trial court then directly asked Meredith if he understood that the applicable punishment range was between five and ninety-nine years, or life. Meredith responded affirmatively. Later, during subsequent admonishments, the trial court again admonished Meredith that the punishment range was enhanced and asked Meredith whether he understood the applicable punishment range was that of a first-degree felony and explained that a first-degree felony involved a punishment range from five to ninety-nine years, or life. Again, Meredith responded affirmatively. At the conclusion of the guilty plea hearing, a stipulation of evidence was offered consisting of the certified copies of the indictment, judgment granting community supervision, and judgment revoking community supervision regarding the enhancement allegation.

During its punishment argument, the State asked the trial court to sentence Meredith to “at least 40 years” based on Meredith’s past criminal behavior, the enhanced punishment range available under the current charge. Meredith acknowledged he had been previously convicted on five felony offenses and did not object that the State’s argument reflected an illegal or unauthorized sentence. When the court announced a thirty-five-year sentence, Meredith did not object or question the propriety of being sentenced in the punishment range provided for first-degree felonies, nor did he otherwise present any claim that the trial court’s failure to obtain his plea otherwise deprived him of any proper notice that he faced the enhanced punishment.

On the record before us, we cannot say the trial court’s procedural error under Article 36.01(a)(1) affected Meredith’s substantial rights. The record clearly shows he knew he was facing a punishment range enhanced to include a range between five years and ninety-nine years, or life. We, therefore, overrule Meredith’s first point of error.

In his second point of error, Meredith contends the trial court erred by considering how parole law might affect the [398]*398time Meredith ultimately spent in prison. Before deciding what sentence to impose, the trial court asked the State, “What percentage of that time [of the prosecutor’s forty-year recommended sentence] would [Meredith] serve before he’s eligible for parole, Mr. Larison, as it goes now?” Meredith relies on Tex.Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 37.07, Section 4 (Vernon Supp. 2005), for the proposition that the trial court erred in considering how parole might apply to Meredith’s actual term of incarceration. Article 37.07, Section 4, of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure provides:

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
189 S.W.3d 395, 2006 Tex. App. LEXIS 2661, 2006 WL 851150, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/lessel-meredith-v-state-texapp-2006.