Lepore v. Opm

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
• Decided: January 9, 2019
• Docket: 18-1474
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

NOTE: This disposition is nonprecedential.

United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ______________________

JOHN B. LEPORE, Petitioner

v.

OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT, Respondent ______________________

2018-1474 ______________________

Petition for review of the Merit Systems Protection Board in No. DC-0831-17-0683-I-1. ______________________

Decided: January 9, 2019 ______________________

NORMAN JACKMAN, Jackman & Roth, LLP, Lincoln, NH, for petitioner.

REBECCA SARAH KRUSER, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, United States Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for respondent. Also represent- ed by REGINALD THOMAS BLADES, JR., ROBERT EDWARD KIRSCHMAN, JR., JOSEPH H. HUNT. ______________________

Before MOORE, REYNA, and WALLACH, Circuit Judges. 2 LEPORE v. OFFICE OF PERS. MGMT.

PER CURIAM. Petitioner John Lepore seeks review of a final decision of the Merit Systems Protection Board (“MSPB”), which affirmed the Office of Personnel Management (“OPM”)’s denial of his claim that it miscalculated his retirement annuity. See Lepore v. Office of Pers. Mgmt. (Lepore III), No. DC-0831-17-0683-I-1, 2017 MSPB LEXIS 4665, at *1 (Nov. 2, 2017). 1 We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1295(a)(9) (2012). We affirm. BACKGROUND 2 Mr. Lepore was employed with the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the U.S. Department of Justice for more than twenty years, J.A. 28, 39, over seven of which were in “[l]aw [e]nforcement [s]ervice,” J.A. 39; Lepore III, 2017 MSPB LEXIS 4665, at *1. Effective on or about April 16, 1983, Mr. Lepore retired under the disability provisions under the Civil Service Retirement System (“CSRS”) as authorized by the Civil Service Retirement Act of 1920, which is administered by OPM. See id.; see also Pub. L. No. 66-215, 41 Stat. 614 (codified as amended at 5 U.S.C. §§ 1308, 2102, 2107, 3323, 8331–8348 (2012));

1 An administrative judge (“AJ”) issued an initial decision on November 2, 2017, see J.A. 1–12, which be- came final when Mr. Lepore did not file a petition for review, see J.A. 5; see also 5 C.F.R. § 1201.113 (2018) (providing “[t]he initial decision of the [AJ] will become the [MSPB]’s final decision [thirty-five] days after issu- ance” unless, inter alia, “any party files a petition for review”). Therefore, we refer to the Initial Decision as the MSPB’s Final Decision. 2 Unless otherwise noted, we refer to the relevant and undisputed facts of the case as put forth by the MSPB in Lepore III. See 2017 MSPB LEXIS 4665, at *1–3. See generally Pet’r’s Br.; Resp’t’s Br. LEPORE v. OFFICE OF PERS. MGMT. 3

5 U.S.C. § 8336(c)(1) (providing “entitle[ment] to annuity” for a federal “employee who is separated from the service after becoming [fifty] years of age and completing [twenty] years of service as a law enforcement officer”); see J.A. 42−48, 52−58 (Individual Retirement Records). 3 Upon his disability retirement, his title was that of Criminal Inves- tigator. See Lepore III, 2017 MSPB LEXIS 4665, at *1; J.A. 31. Thereafter, Mr. Lepore received a federal retire- ment annuity. See, e.g., J.A. 40−41 (providing OPM’s calculation of “[p]aid and [d]ue” annuity for Mr. Lepore). 4

3 CSRS was replaced by the Federal Employees’ Re- tirement System (“FERS”) Act of 1986. See Pub. L. No. 99-335, 100 Stat. 514 (codified at 5 U.S.C. §§ 8343a, 8349, 8350–8351, 8401–8479). “FERS was designed to improve upon CSRS, with the disability section in particular having minimal differences to CSRS.” Springer v. Adkins, 525 F.3d 1363, 1367 (Fed. Cir. 2008) (citing S. Rep. No. 99–166, at 21 (1985), as reprinted in 1986 U.S.C.C.A.N. 1405, 1426) (“To minimize differences from the CSRS, the majority of standards and procedures applicable to the [FERS] are identical to those of the CSRS.”). 4 A former federal employee’s retirement annuity is based upon the employee’s length of service and average salary, where a federal employee’s average salary refers to the three highest paying years used to calculate the average pay. 5 U.S.C. § 8339 (outlining computation of annuity); see id. § 8331(4) (defining “average pay” as “the largest annual rate resulting from averaging an employ- ee’s . . . rates of basic pay in effect over any [three] consecu- tive years of creditable service” (emphasis added)). “The three highest paying years” used to calculate average pay is also referred to as the “high-3.” Killeen v. Office of Pers. Mgmt., 382 F.3d 1316, 1318 (Fed. Cir. 2004) (internal quotation marks omitted). 4 LEPORE v. OFFICE OF PERS. MGMT.

In April 2016, Mr. Lepore appealed OPM’s denial of his request to recalculate his retirement salary in favor of an enhanced annuity. See Lepore v. Office of Pers. Mgmt. (Lepore I), No. DC-0831-16-0484-I-1, 2016 MSPB LEXIS 2659, at *1 (May 3, 2016). Shortly thereafter, OPM stated it “was rescinding its final decision at issue,” and the MSPB promptly dismissed Lepore I for lack of jurisdic- tion. Id. Then, in August 2016, upon OPM’s affirmance of its initial recalculation denial decision, Mr. Lepore again appealed to the MSPB for recalculation of the disability gross annuity, arguing that he should be afford- ed an enhanced disability annuity based upon his service as a law enforcement officer. See Lepore v. Office of Pers. Mgmt. (Lepore II), No. 0831-16-0801-I-1, 2017 MSPB LEXIS 931, at *1–2 (Feb. 28, 2017). In October 2016, OPM notified Mr. Lepore that he was “entitled to enhanced disability retirement benefits,” id. at *2; see J.A. 38−39 (letter from OPM), “in view of a series of court cases that have changed the way a disabil- ity annuity is calculated when employees have performed service in positions that are usually tied to higher retire- ment deduction rates and to higher annuity accrual rates,” J.A. 38. Accordingly, OPM calculated a new, increased annuity gross rate and authorized issuance of a one-time retroactive adjustment payment of $99,054.03 “for the amounts [Mr. Lepore] should have been receiving since [his] earned annuity commenced as of September 2, 1982.” J.A. 38. Mr. Lepore unsuccessfully sought recon- sideration of OPM’s October 2016 recalculation, arguing he was entitled to (1) interest on the one-time retroactive payment and (2) payment for administratively uncontrol- lable overtime (“AUO”) in the recalculation of his “high-3” average salary. See Lepore II, 2017 MSPB LEXIS 931, at *2. In February 2017, the AJ remanded the matter to OPM because the AJ was “unable to ascertain from the record whether AUO should have been included in the LEPORE v. OFFICE OF PERS. MGMT. 5

agency’s determination of [Mr. Lepore]’s high-3 salary.” Id. at *9. On remand, OPM issued a June 2017 reconsid- eration decision affirming its October 2016 decision. J.A. 23−26. OPM determined that Mr. Lepore’s “high- 3 . . . average salary was computed correctly, and accu- rately, and in accordance with applicable laws and regula- tions.” J.A. 24; see J.A. 24 (finding that “during [Mr. Lepore’s] high-3 average salary period[, his] pay rate included varying premium pay in amounts equal to 10%, 20%, or 25%,” and concluding that therefore the “premium pay was properly included as basic pay in the calculation of [Mr. Lepore’s] high-3 salary”), 26 (including, by OPM, an “Average Salary Computation” as “Prepared for: [Mr.] Lepore” for the relevant years of 1979−82). 5 In July 2017, Mr. Lepore appealed OPM’s June 2017 Reconsideration Decision to the MSPB. J.A. 16−22. Specifically, he asserted that OPM had “miscalculated” his retirement annuity because “[h]e was not given cred- it . . . in the amount of [25% 6] for each of his years of law enforcement service for AUO overtime.” J.A. 20 (empha- sis added); see J.A. 28 (stating, in Mr. Lepore’s affidavit,

5 While the June 2017 Reconsideration Decision ini- tially incorrectly stated that the time period used to compute Mr. Lepore’s average salary was “February 1, 2010, through January 13, 2010,” J.A. 23, this mistake was immediately corrected by amendment such that the “correct period is September 2, 1979 through September 1, 1982,” J.A. 30; see J.A. 26 (employing the correct 1979−82 time period in OPM’s Average Salary Computa- tion table). 6 Mr. Lepore originally identified “2.5%” in his MSPB appeal. J.A. 20. However, based upon the record below and the briefings on appeal, the parties do not dispute that Mr. Lepore actually intended to request 25%. See, e.g., Pet’r’s Br. 9; Resp’t’s Br. 6–7. 6 LEPORE v. OFFICE OF PERS. MGMT.

that “during all of my ‘[high]-3’ years I worked what is called [AUO], more than [nine] hours per week”). Mr. Lepore further argued that nothing on the record “show[s] the addition of AUO to the base pay,” J.A. 60, and that “[b]ecause the AUO always exceeded 25%, that percent- age is what must be added to [his] ‘rate of basic pay,’” J.A. 61 (emphasis added). In November 2017, the MSPB affirmed OPM’s June 2017 Reconsideration Decision, Lepore III, 2017 MSPB LEXIS 4665, at *1, determining that OPM’s recalculation of Mr. Lepore’s federal annuity was “accurate,” id. at *6, in light of OPM’s previously provided “Average Salary Computation worksheet,” id. at *5 (citing J.A. 26). Specif- ically, the MSPB found that the Individual Retirement Records “certified by the Department of Justice” prove that the “rate of basic pay” listed on Mr. Lepore’s Individ- ual Retirement Records “includes premium pay or AUO.” Id. at *5–6; see J.A. 42−48, 51−58 (Individual Retirement Records). The MSPB concluded that Mr. Lepore did not meet his burden, because, inter alia, he “ha[d] not re- ferred to any law, rule, or regulation that demonstrates OPM was incorrect in utilizing its method of calculating his annuity.” Id. at *6. DISCUSSION I. Standard of Review and Legal Standard We will uphold a decision of the MSPB unless it is “arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law” or “unsupported by substan- tial evidence.” 5 U.S.C. § 7703(c)(1), (3); see Grover v. Office of Pers. Mgmt., 828 F.3d 1378, 1382 (Fed. Cir. 2016) (applying § 7703(c) to review an MSPB decision). Find- ings of fact are reviewed for substantial evidence. See Crawford v. Dep’t of the Army, 718 F.3d 1361, 1365 (Fed. Cir. 2013). Substantial evidence is “such relevant evi- dence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Shapiro v. Soc. Sec. Admin., 800 LEPORE v. OFFICE OF PERS. MGMT. 7

F.3d 1332, 1336 (Fed. Cir. 2015) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). “The petitioner bears the burden of establishing error in the [MSPB]’s decision.” Harris v. Dep’t of Veterans Affairs, 142 F.3d 1463, 1467 (Fed. Cir. 1998). In accordance with statutory authority, a former fed- eral employee’s monthly retirement annuity is calculated using “average pay,” which is defined as “the largest annual rate resulting from averaging an employ- ee’s . . . rates of basic pay in effect over any [three] con- secutive years of creditable service,” commonly referred to as the high-3 average salary years. 5 U.S.C. § 8331(4) (internal quotation marks omitted); see Killeen, 382 F.3d at 1318. “[B]asic pay” is defined by § 8331(3), which states that basic pay may include, inter alia, certain types of premium pay provided for under 5 U.S.C. § 5545(c). 5 U.S.C. § 8331(3) (internal quotation marks omitted). Law enforcement officers are eligible to receive a spe- cial form of overtime compensation, defined as a type of premium pay under § 5545(c)(2), referred to as AUO. See 5 U.S.C. § 5545(c)(2) (describing AUO and providing that an employee “in a position in which the hours of duty cannot be controlled administratively, and which requires substantial amounts of irregular, unscheduled overtime duty[,] . . . shall receive premium pay for this duty”). This AUO premium pay is “an appropriate percentage, not less than [ten] percent nor more than [twenty-five] percent, of the rate of basic pay for the position, as determined by taking into consideration the frequency and duration of irregular, unscheduled overtime duty required in the position.” Id. (emphasis added). 8 LEPORE v. OFFICE OF PERS. MGMT.

II. The MSPB Correctly Affirmed OPM’s Recalculation of Mr. Lepore’s Federal Retirement Annuity Because OPM’s June 2017 Recalculation Decision Took into Account the Premium Pay for AUO The MSPB determined that OPM properly recalculat- ed Mr. Lepore’s rate of basic pay to include AUO using the Department of Justice’s certified salary rates. Lepore III, 2017 MSPB LEXIS 4665, at *5–6 (citing J.A. 23). Mr. Lepore’s main contention is that OPM improperly calcu- lated his high-3 average salary by not including AUO as part of his basic pay. See Pet’r’s Br. 8−10. Mr. Lepore asserts that there was “no evidence that AUO was includ- ed in the annuity calculation.” Id. at 8 (formatting modi- fied). We disagree with Mr. Lepore. Substantial evidence supports the MSPB’s decision that OPM properly recalculated Mr. Lepore’s retirement salary and annuities to include AUO. See Lepore III, 2017 MSPB LEXIS 4665, at *5–6; see also J.A. 26 (OPM’s Average Salary Computation worksheet). The parties agree that Mr. Lepore was a “law enforcement officer” as defined in § 8331 (20), see generally Pet’r’s Br.; Resp’t’s Br., and as such, was entitled to receive AUO as a type of premium pay when warranted, see 5 U.S.C. §§ 5545(c)(2), 8331(3)(D); 5 C.F.R. § 550.141 (providing authorization of premium pay on an annual basis). On relevant pages of Mr. Lepore’s retirement records during the period of his high-3 average salary years, there are numerous nota- tions in the “remarks” column of the tables expressly stating that Mr. Lepore obtained percentage adjustments of “10%,” “20%,” or “25%” of premium payment included. See, e.g., J.A. 54 (including an action, on January 10, 1982, with the notation “20% PRM PY INCL”), 55 (award- ing, on October 4, 1981, a “MERIT INCREASE” and noting “25% PRM PY INCL”). These are the same range of percentages that an employee can receive as AUO. See 5 U.S.C. § 5545(c)(2) (stating that AUO “premium pay” is “an appropriate percentage, not less than [ten] percent nor LEPORE v. OFFICE OF PERS. MGMT. 9

more than [twenty-five] percent, of the rate of basic pay for the position” (emphasis added)). Therefore, substantial evidence supports the MSPB’s decision to affirm OPM’s June 2017 Reconsideration Decision that found its calcu- lations already included AUO as part of Mr. Lepore’s basic pay. Mr. Lepore’s counterarguments lack merit. First, Mr. Lepore contends that these rates are somehow incorrect or that he did not actually receive premium pay as part of his basic pay. See Pet’r’s Br. 9 (referencing J.A. 62–66, which provide rates of pay in a document that he offered as supporting evidence and is titled the “Rates of Pay Under the General Schedule” for the years 1978 to 1982). We disagree. The generalized rates of pay that Mr. Le- pore would prefer we rely upon, as found in the “Rates of Pay Under the General Schedule” for the years 1978 to 1982, do not contradict or inform our understanding of the evidence of the Government-certified premium pay rates that were awarded specifically to Mr. Lepore, as discussed above. See J.A. 62−66; cf. Grover, 828 F.3d at 1384 (find- ing that OPM relied upon “internally contradictory” Individual Retirement Records, and therefore remanding to the MSPB for further evidentiary gathering and deter- mination of overtime pay). Rather, the MSPB properly considered all evidence of record related to Mr. Lepore’s annuity recalculation, including when it specifically compared the salary rates in the Government-certified Individual Retirements Records with the General Sched- ule pay rates provided by Mr. Lepore, and found the former to be the only correct and “accurate” evidence of Mr. Lepore’s pay rate. Lepore III, 2017 MSPB LEXIS 4665, at *6; see id. (“[T]he [Individual Retirement Rec- ords] salary includes premium pay or AUO in the basic rate of pay.”). We have previously approved such reliance upon internally consistent individual retirement record- sas proper. See Thomas v. Office of Pers. Mgmt., 350 F. App’x 448, 450 (Fed. Cir. 2009) (affirming the MSPB’s 10 LEPORE v. OFFICE OF PERS. MGMT.

decision that OPM could rely only on certified individual retirement records, rather than petitioner’s evidence of tax forms, emails, and pay stubs). Second, Mr. Lepore argues OPM’s decision is contrary to our opinion in Springer. Pet’r’s Br. 10; see 525 F.3d at 1367. However, Springer is inapposite. Springer involved the resolution of whether the plain language of “FERS [§] 8415 concerning firefighters’ annuities . . . in view of the legislative intent disallow[ed] incorporation of the age and years of service requirements of [§] 8412(d)” when calculating an enhanced annuity retirement. Id. at 1367. Here, Mr. Lepore did not raise, and does not raise on appeal, a similar statutory argument; instead, he chal- lenges the factual finding regarding the calculation of his high-3 average salary. See J.A. 20 (asserting that OPM had “miscalculated [Mr. Lepore’s] retirement annuity” because “[h]e was not given credit . . . in the amount of [25%] for each of his years of law enforcement service for AUO overtime”). Moreover, OPM found that Mr. Lepore met all necessary requirements under the relevant CSRS statutory scheme and related case precedent, and award- ed enhanced annuity in his favor in the sum of $99,054.03. See J.A. 38. We find OPM’s recalculated annuity in favor of Mr. Lepore does not violate our prece- dent in Springer. Third, Mr. Lepore also raises three additional argu- ments on appeal. See Pet’r’s Br. 11 (arguing that correc- tion of the “starting date of [his] retirement should be accepted as April 16, 1983,” and that he is entitled to “pre-judgment interest on the [back] payment made to [him] after a wait of 34 years”), 13 (arguing that “[Mr. Lepore] should be reimbursed for his attorney’s fees”). Regarding Mr. Lepore’s starting date, this argument was never raised before the MSPB in the proceedings below, see generally J.A. 16−22 (Mr. Lepore’s appeal form), and is therefore waived, see Bosley v. Merit Sys. Prot. Bd., 162 F.3d 665, 668 (Fed. Cir. 1998) (“A party in an MSPB LEPORE v. OFFICE OF PERS. MGMT. 11

proceeding must raise an issue before the administrative judge if the issue is to be preserved for review in this court.”). Regarding Mr. Lepore’s pre-judgment interest claim, we have held that “where the payment of interest by the government is not authorized, it is barred.” Maurer v. Office of Pers. Mgmt., 236 F.3d 1352, 1356 (Fed. Cir. 2001). Mr. Lepore cites no law, statute, or case authority that would allow prejudgment interest in his case. Mr. Lepore also cites no authority to support his claim for attorney fees, which he makes for the first time in the conclusion section of his opening brief. We deem this claim waived. See Pet’r’s Br. 11, 13. The MSPB properly upheld OPM’s retirement annuity recalculation. CONCLUSION We have considered Mr. Lepore’s remaining argu- ments and conclude that they are without merit. For the reasons stated above, the Final Decision of the Merit Systems Protection Board is AFFIRMED