RENDERED: SEPTEMBER 29, 2023; 10:00 A.M. NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
Commonwealth of Kentucky Court of Appeals NO. 2022-CA-0972-MR
LEONARD HORNSBY APPELLANT
APPEAL FROM KENTON CIRCUIT COURT v. HONORABLE PATRICIA M. SUMME, JUDGE ACTION NO. 16-CR-00901
COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY APPELLEE
OPINION AFFIRMING
** ** ** ** **
BEFORE: CETRULO, KAREM, AND MCNEILL, JUDGES.
CETRULO, JUDGE: Leonard Hornsby (“Hornsby”), pro se, appeals from the
denial of his post-conviction motion pursuant to Kentucky Rule of Criminal
Procedure (“RCr”) 11.42. For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the Kenton Circuit
Court.
Hornsby was convicted of possession of a handgun by a convicted
felon and assault in the first degree in the Kenton Circuit Court. Those convictions
followed two separate jury trials in 2017. Prior to this appeal, Hornsby appealed those convictions to this Court. Hornsby v. Commonwealth, No. 2018-CA-
001083-MR, 2020 WL 4723727 (Ky. App. Aug. 14, 2020). This Court affirmed
the circuit court on all four of the claims Hornsby asserted in that appeal.
However, in that appeal, Hornsby did not raise the claim that he now
raises – a challenge to the failure by the Commonwealth’s Attorney to disclose
relevant discovery. A brief background on that issue is necessary.
PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Hornsby was charged with shooting Ethan Mattrella (“Mattrella”) in
Covington, Kentucky on May 9, 2016. He fled the state and was arrested in
Tennessee a few months later. Subsequently, he was indicted on charges of assault
in the first degree and possession of a handgun by a convicted felon. The first trial
addressed the possession of a handgun charge and began in August 2017. Prior to
that trial, then-Assistant Commonwealth’s Attorney Lawrence Hilton (“Hilton”)
advised the circuit court that he had provided all discovery necessary for that case
to proceed.
However, on the morning of the trial, Hilton stipulated that his office
also had a transcript of a 911 call by Mattrella. Hornsby had not received that
transcript prior to the trial date. Mattrella, however, testified at that trial and
denied having made a 911 call on the day of the shooting. Nonetheless, the jury
-2- found Hornsby guilty of the possession of a handgun charge, and a few months
later, the matter proceeded to trial on the assault charge.
Hornsby was provided with the transcript of the 911 call prior to the
start of the second trial. He was also found guilty at that trial and received
concurrent sentences on the two convictions, for a total sentence of ten years’
imprisonment. As mentioned, Hornsby filed an appeal to this Court, raising four
separate grounds, which were all addressed by a separate panel. He argued that the
circuit court erred by 1) failing to appoint substitute counsel to represent him; 2)
failing to grant a directed verdict on the assault charge; 3) allowing the
Commonwealth to introduce his prior felony convictions to prove he was a
convicted felon; and 4) allowing the Commonwealth to elicit expert testimony
from Dr. Baxter. He never referenced, however, the argument now presented –
that the failure to produce the 911 transcript prior to the first trial had compromised
his right to a fair trial.
In 2021, after the initial appeal was completed, Hornsby filed this
RCr 11.42 motion with the circuit court, contending that the Commonwealth’s
alleged failure denied him the opportunity to properly address the credibility of an
adverse witness during his trial for possession of a handgun by a convicted felon.
The circuit court denied the motion on the basis that this argument could and
should have been addressed in the initial appeal.
-3- STANDARD OF REVIEW
A denial of an RCr 11.42 motion is reviewed on appeal for an abuse
of the circuit court’s discretion. Bowling v. Commonwealth, 981 S.W.2d 545, 548
(Ky. 1998) (citation omitted). Abuse of discretion occurs when the circuit court
enters an order or makes a ruling which is “arbitrary, unreasonable, unfair, or
unsupported by sound legal principles.” Commonwealth v. English, 993 S.W.2d
941, 945 (Ky. 1999) (citations omitted).
“It is not the purpose of RCr 11.42 to permit a convicted defendant to
retry issues which could and should have been raised in the original proceeding[.]”
Leonard v. Commonwealth, 279 S.W.3d 151, 156 (Ky. 2009) (quoting Thacker v.
Commonwealth, 476 S.W.2d 838, 839 (Ky. 1972)) (internal quotation marks
omitted). In Leonard, our Supreme Court “recognized the difference between an
alleged error and a separate collateral claim of ineffective assistance of counsel
related to the alleged error[.]” Id. at 158 (citing Martin v. Commonwealth, 207
S.W.3d 1 (Ky. 2006)). A direct error is “alleged to have been committed by the
trial court (e.g., by admitting improper evidence) . . . [while an] ineffective-
assistance claim is collateral to the direct error, as it is alleged against the trial
attorney (e.g., for failing to object to the improper evidence).” Id.
-4- However, here, Hornsby did not allege the typical ineffective
assistance of counsel claims with his motion.1 Rather, he couched his RCr 11.42
motion as one to vacate the judgment on the basis of a claimed violation of his
constitutional rights.
It is true that the prosecutor has an obligation to disclose exculpatory
evidence upon request so as to not violate the defendant’s due process. Brady v.
Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 87, 83 S. Ct. 1194, 1196-97, 10 L Ed. 2d 215 (1963). To
fall under the Brady rule, the evidence must be material. Id. “Undisclosed
evidence is material if there is a reasonable probability that, had the evidence been
disclosed to the defense, the result of the proceeding would have been different. A
reasonable probability is the probability sufficient to undermine the confidence in
the outcome.” Shegog v. Commonwealth, 275 S.W.3d 728, 731 (Ky. App. 2008)
(internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
In an RCr 11.42 motion, “[t]he movant has the burden of establishing
convincingly that he or she was deprived of some substantial right which would
justify the extraordinary relief provided by [a] post-conviction proceeding. A
1 Although Hornsby was appointed counsel at his first trial, he expressed dissatisfaction with the assigned advocates and sought to represent himself. The circuit court conducted a Faretta hearing and granted Hornsby’s request to represent himself with standby counsel present at both trials. See Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 806, 95 S. Ct. 2525, 45 L. Ed. 2d 562 (1975). Similarly, he sought to proceed in forma pauperis on this appeal and sought appointment of counsel which the circuit court granted. However, he then directed his advocate not to “change, modify, or alter” the motion he had filed for RCr 11.42 relief.
-5- reviewing court must always defer to the determination of facts and witness
credibility made by the circuit judge.” Simmons v. Commonwealth, 191 S.W.3d
557, 561 (Ky.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
RENDERED: SEPTEMBER 29, 2023; 10:00 A.M. NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
Commonwealth of Kentucky Court of Appeals NO. 2022-CA-0972-MR
LEONARD HORNSBY APPELLANT
APPEAL FROM KENTON CIRCUIT COURT v. HONORABLE PATRICIA M. SUMME, JUDGE ACTION NO. 16-CR-00901
COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY APPELLEE
OPINION AFFIRMING
** ** ** ** **
BEFORE: CETRULO, KAREM, AND MCNEILL, JUDGES.
CETRULO, JUDGE: Leonard Hornsby (“Hornsby”), pro se, appeals from the
denial of his post-conviction motion pursuant to Kentucky Rule of Criminal
Procedure (“RCr”) 11.42. For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the Kenton Circuit
Court.
Hornsby was convicted of possession of a handgun by a convicted
felon and assault in the first degree in the Kenton Circuit Court. Those convictions
followed two separate jury trials in 2017. Prior to this appeal, Hornsby appealed those convictions to this Court. Hornsby v. Commonwealth, No. 2018-CA-
001083-MR, 2020 WL 4723727 (Ky. App. Aug. 14, 2020). This Court affirmed
the circuit court on all four of the claims Hornsby asserted in that appeal.
However, in that appeal, Hornsby did not raise the claim that he now
raises – a challenge to the failure by the Commonwealth’s Attorney to disclose
relevant discovery. A brief background on that issue is necessary.
PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Hornsby was charged with shooting Ethan Mattrella (“Mattrella”) in
Covington, Kentucky on May 9, 2016. He fled the state and was arrested in
Tennessee a few months later. Subsequently, he was indicted on charges of assault
in the first degree and possession of a handgun by a convicted felon. The first trial
addressed the possession of a handgun charge and began in August 2017. Prior to
that trial, then-Assistant Commonwealth’s Attorney Lawrence Hilton (“Hilton”)
advised the circuit court that he had provided all discovery necessary for that case
to proceed.
However, on the morning of the trial, Hilton stipulated that his office
also had a transcript of a 911 call by Mattrella. Hornsby had not received that
transcript prior to the trial date. Mattrella, however, testified at that trial and
denied having made a 911 call on the day of the shooting. Nonetheless, the jury
-2- found Hornsby guilty of the possession of a handgun charge, and a few months
later, the matter proceeded to trial on the assault charge.
Hornsby was provided with the transcript of the 911 call prior to the
start of the second trial. He was also found guilty at that trial and received
concurrent sentences on the two convictions, for a total sentence of ten years’
imprisonment. As mentioned, Hornsby filed an appeal to this Court, raising four
separate grounds, which were all addressed by a separate panel. He argued that the
circuit court erred by 1) failing to appoint substitute counsel to represent him; 2)
failing to grant a directed verdict on the assault charge; 3) allowing the
Commonwealth to introduce his prior felony convictions to prove he was a
convicted felon; and 4) allowing the Commonwealth to elicit expert testimony
from Dr. Baxter. He never referenced, however, the argument now presented –
that the failure to produce the 911 transcript prior to the first trial had compromised
his right to a fair trial.
In 2021, after the initial appeal was completed, Hornsby filed this
RCr 11.42 motion with the circuit court, contending that the Commonwealth’s
alleged failure denied him the opportunity to properly address the credibility of an
adverse witness during his trial for possession of a handgun by a convicted felon.
The circuit court denied the motion on the basis that this argument could and
should have been addressed in the initial appeal.
-3- STANDARD OF REVIEW
A denial of an RCr 11.42 motion is reviewed on appeal for an abuse
of the circuit court’s discretion. Bowling v. Commonwealth, 981 S.W.2d 545, 548
(Ky. 1998) (citation omitted). Abuse of discretion occurs when the circuit court
enters an order or makes a ruling which is “arbitrary, unreasonable, unfair, or
unsupported by sound legal principles.” Commonwealth v. English, 993 S.W.2d
941, 945 (Ky. 1999) (citations omitted).
“It is not the purpose of RCr 11.42 to permit a convicted defendant to
retry issues which could and should have been raised in the original proceeding[.]”
Leonard v. Commonwealth, 279 S.W.3d 151, 156 (Ky. 2009) (quoting Thacker v.
Commonwealth, 476 S.W.2d 838, 839 (Ky. 1972)) (internal quotation marks
omitted). In Leonard, our Supreme Court “recognized the difference between an
alleged error and a separate collateral claim of ineffective assistance of counsel
related to the alleged error[.]” Id. at 158 (citing Martin v. Commonwealth, 207
S.W.3d 1 (Ky. 2006)). A direct error is “alleged to have been committed by the
trial court (e.g., by admitting improper evidence) . . . [while an] ineffective-
assistance claim is collateral to the direct error, as it is alleged against the trial
attorney (e.g., for failing to object to the improper evidence).” Id.
-4- However, here, Hornsby did not allege the typical ineffective
assistance of counsel claims with his motion.1 Rather, he couched his RCr 11.42
motion as one to vacate the judgment on the basis of a claimed violation of his
constitutional rights.
It is true that the prosecutor has an obligation to disclose exculpatory
evidence upon request so as to not violate the defendant’s due process. Brady v.
Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 87, 83 S. Ct. 1194, 1196-97, 10 L Ed. 2d 215 (1963). To
fall under the Brady rule, the evidence must be material. Id. “Undisclosed
evidence is material if there is a reasonable probability that, had the evidence been
disclosed to the defense, the result of the proceeding would have been different. A
reasonable probability is the probability sufficient to undermine the confidence in
the outcome.” Shegog v. Commonwealth, 275 S.W.3d 728, 731 (Ky. App. 2008)
(internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
In an RCr 11.42 motion, “[t]he movant has the burden of establishing
convincingly that he or she was deprived of some substantial right which would
justify the extraordinary relief provided by [a] post-conviction proceeding. A
1 Although Hornsby was appointed counsel at his first trial, he expressed dissatisfaction with the assigned advocates and sought to represent himself. The circuit court conducted a Faretta hearing and granted Hornsby’s request to represent himself with standby counsel present at both trials. See Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 806, 95 S. Ct. 2525, 45 L. Ed. 2d 562 (1975). Similarly, he sought to proceed in forma pauperis on this appeal and sought appointment of counsel which the circuit court granted. However, he then directed his advocate not to “change, modify, or alter” the motion he had filed for RCr 11.42 relief.
-5- reviewing court must always defer to the determination of facts and witness
credibility made by the circuit judge.” Simmons v. Commonwealth, 191 S.W.3d
557, 561 (Ky. 2006), overruled on other grounds by Leonard, 279 S.W.3d 151
(internal citation omitted). An RCr 11.42 motion is “limited to issues that were not
and could not be raised on direct appeal.” Id.
Correspondingly, direct errors pertaining to the rulings of the trial
court are not the proper basis for an RCr 11.42 motion. Hornsby does not assert
that he was unaware of the now alleged failure to turn over the 911 transcript
before his direct appeal. Indeed, the record is clear that he had the transcript prior
to the second trial. He does not allege how his constitutional rights were denied by
the delay in turning over the 911 call transcript. Rather, it appears that this had no
effect at all, as the evidence does not appear material. Hornsby received it prior to
the second trial; the Commonwealth stipulated that they had a copy of the call
transcript at the beginning of the first trial; and Mattrella testified, inconsistent with
the stipulation, that he had made no such call.
Moreover, Hornsby did not sufficiently establish that the transcript of
the 911 call by the victim was exculpatory. He provided no argument that this
requested, but undisclosed, information affected the outcome of his first trial, and
he failed to demonstrate that the transcript was material evidence at all. See, e.g.,
Davis v. Commonwealth, 795 S.W.2d 942 (Ky. 1990) (defendant failed to prove
-6- materiality of evidence); Shegog, 275 S.W.3d 728 (victim’s indictment for
unrelated crimes not material). Vague assertions that evidence was exculpatory
“are not sufficient to establish a reasonable belief that the records contain [material
and] exculpatory evidence.” Howard v. Commonwealth, 595 S.W.3d 462, 469
(Ky. 2020) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). Evidence is material
“only if there is a reasonable probability that, had the evidence been disclosed to
the defense, the result of the proceeding would have been different.” United States
v. Bagley, 473 U.S. 667, 682, 105 S. Ct. 3375, 3383, 87 L. Ed. 2d 481 (1985)
(citation omitted).
In short, if the failure to produce that transcript prior to the first trial
resulted in any error at all, which Hornsby did not indicate, it was nevertheless a
claim that certainly could, and should, have been raised on the direct appeal. See
Commonwealth v. Basnight, 770 S.W.2d 231, 237 (Ky. App. 1989) (“It is clear
from our case law that the RCr 11.42 procedure is not designed to give . . . a
review of trial errors that should have been addressed upon the direct appeal.”).
Post-conviction relief is not a “substitute for appeal nor does it permit a review of
all of the alleged trial errors.” Harris v. Commonwealth, 441 S.W.2d 143, 144
(Ky. 1969) (citations omitted).
We agree with the circuit court that there was no showing of a
violation of Hornsby’s constitutional rights and further that his claim of error may
-7- not be prosecuted via an RCr 11.42 proceeding. The circuit court did not abuse its
discretion in so ruling, and the judgment of the Kenton Circuit Court is therefore
AFFIRMED.
ALL CONCUR.
BRIEF FOR APPELLANT: BRIEF FOR APPELLEE:
Leonard R. Hornsby, pro se Daniel Cameron Beattyville, Kentucky Attorney General of Kentucky
Courtney E. Albini Assistant Solicitor General Frankfort, Kentucky
-8-