Leonard Blocker, Et Ux. v. Rapides Regional Medical Center

• Court: Louisiana Court of Appeal
• Decided: December 23, 2003
• Docket: CA-0003-0745
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

STATE OF LOUISIANA

COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT

03-745

LEONARD BLOCKER, ET UX.

VERSUS

RAPIDES REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER, ET AL.

********** APPEAL FROM THE NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT PARISH OF RAPIDES, NO. 191,652 HONORABLE GEORGE C. METOYER, JR., DISTRICT JUDGE **********

GLENN B. GREMILLION JUDGE

**********

Court composed of Billie Colombaro Woodard, Glenn B. Gremillion, and Elizabeth A. Pickett, Judges.

AFFIRMED.

Charles Henry Munsterman 3600 Jackson St., Suite 105 Alexandria, LA 71303 (318) 487-4972 Counsel for Plaintiffs/Appellees Leonard Blocker Elizabeth Blocker

Todd A. Townsley Townsley Law Firm 3102 Enterprise Blvd. Lake Charles, LA 70601 (337) 478-1400 Counsel for Plaintiffs/Appellees Leonard Blocker Elizabeth Blocker Victor Herbert Sooter Sooter & Savoie P. O. Box 1671 Alexandria, LA 71309 (318) 448-8301 Counsel for Plaintiff Rapides Regional Medical Center

Marc W. Judice Judice & Adley P. O. Drawer 51769 Lafayette, LA 70505-1769 (337) 235-2405 Counsel for Defendant/Appellee Medical Protective Company Dr. Parmaswara Kaimal

David Richard Sobel Provosty, Sadler & deLaunay P. O. Drawer 1791 Alexandria, LA 71309-1791 (318) 445-3631 Counsel for Defendant/Appellant Louisiana Patients' CompensationFund & Oversight Board GREMILLION, Judge.

In this case, the defendant, the Louisiana Patient’s Compensation Fund

(LPCF), appeals the judgment of the trial court in favor of the plaintiff, Leonard

Blocker, granting his motion for Judgment Notwithstanding the Verdict and

increasing his damage award. For the following reasons, we affirm.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

Blocker and his wife, Elizabeth, filed suit against Dr. Parameswara

Kaimal and Rapides Regional Medical center urging that Dr. Kaimal failed to

diagnose and treat a condition that developed after Dr. Kaimal performed surgery on

him. The Blockers alleged that the failure eventually led to the amputation of

Leonard’s right lower leg and a large portion of his left foot. Rapides Regional was,

thereafter, granted summary judgment and dismissed from the suit. Following a trial,

the jury rendered a verdict finding Dr. Kaimal negligently treated Blocker and that this

negligence was a proximate cause of his injuries. It awarded him the following sums

and made the following finding:

(A) Leonard Blocker

(1) Past and Future Pain and Suffering $60,000

(2) Past and Future Mental Pain and Suffering $30,000

(3) Loss of Enjoyment of Life $10,000

(4) Scarring and Disfigurement $35,000

(5) Past Medical Expenses $52,716.04

(6) Are Future Medical Expenses Needed YES

1 (B) Elizabeth Blocker

(1) Loss of Consortium $15,000

TOTAL AWARD $202,716.04

Judgment was rendered on December 16, 2002, after which Blocker filed a motion

for JNOV, which was granted. Following a hearing, the trial court made the following

damage awards:

(1) Past and Future Pain and Suffering $100,000

(2) Past and Future Mental Pain and suffering $50,000

(3) Loss of Enjoyment of Life $100,000

(4) Scarring and Disfigurement $100,000

(6) Are future medical expenses needed? Yes

(b) Elizabeth Blocker

TOTAL AWARD $417,716.04

The LPCF timely appealed to this court.

ISSUES

LPCF assigns as error:

1. The trial court’s award for future medical benefits when Blocker failed to establish, by a preponderance of the evidence, the need for such benefits and the probable cost.

2. The trial court’s award of open-ended future medical benefits, “where judgment is rendered for a total amount less than the maximum amount recoverable,” contrary to La.R.S. 40:1299.43(A)(5).

2 3. The trial court’s grant of Blocker’s Motion for JNOV and the increase in the general damage award by 143%.

4. The trial court’s allowing Blocker to recover for loss of enjoyment of life and past, present, and future mental and physical injuries.

FUTURE MEDICAL TREATMENT AND COSTS

LPCF first urges that the jury committed manifest error in finding that

Blocker needed future medical treatment. Pursuant to La.R.S. 40:1299.43(A)(1),

whether a patient is in need of future medical care is a question of fact for the jury to

decide. Thus, we review the jury’s finding under the well-established manifest error

rule. LPCF urges that Blocker failed establish that he was in need of any future

medical treatment and that the jury was not presented with any medical evidence

substantiating his claims for future treatment.

Although there was no physician testimony as to his future medical costs,

Blocker testified that his prosthesis needs to be replaced often and that it had been

replaced several times prior to trial. Blocker’s son, James, also testified that his

father’s prosthetic device needs to be replaced. Louisiana Revised Statutes

40:1299.43(B)(1) specifically contemplates the need for the replacement of prosthetic

devices as “future medical care.1” Apparently, the jury found merit in the testimony

of Blocker and his son. Future medical care need not be supported by expert medical

testimony in cases where the medical care is obvious and necessary. See Thomas v.

S.W. La. Hosp. Assoc., 02-645 (La.App. 3 Cir. 12/11/02), 833 So.2d 548, writ denied,

1 La.R.S. 40:1299.43(B)(1) states: “future medical care and related benefits” for the purpose of this Sections means all reasonable medical, surgical, hospitalization, physical rehabilitation, and custodial services and includes drugs, prosthetic devices, and other similar materials reasonably necessary in the provision of such services, after the date of the injury.

3 03-476 (La. 4/25/03), 842 So.2d 401. Accordingly, we find no error in the jury’s

finding that Blocker will need future medical care.

Next, LPCF urges that, pursuant to La.R.S. 40:1299.43(A)(1), the trial

court erred in not having the jury determine the actual cost of the future medical care.

Louisiana Revised Statutes 40:1299.43(A)(1) states (emphasis added):

In all malpractice claims filed with the board which proceed to trial, the jury shall be given a special interrogatory asking if the patient is in need of future medical care and related benefits and the amount thereof.

Additionally, LPCF urges that, pursuant to La.R.S. 40:1299.43(5), in

cases where the total judgment is less than $500,000, a lump sum award is required.

Louisiana Revised Statutes 40:1299.43(5) states:

In all cases where the judgment is rendered for a total amount less than the maximum amount recoverable, including any amount awarded on future medical care and related benefits, payment shall be in accordance with R.S. 40:1299.44(A)(7) and 40:1299.44(B)(2)(a), (b), and (c).

Louisiana Revised Statutes 40:1299.44(A)(7)(a) states that: “Claims from the patient’s

compensation fund exclusive of those provided for in R.S. 40:1299.43 shall be

computed at the time the claim becomes final.”

First we note, as pointed out by Blocker, that LPCF did not lodge a

contemporaneous objection to the jury verdict form, thereby preserving this issue for

appeal. La.Code Civ.P. art. 1793(C). After examining the issue, we still find no error

in the trial court’s interrogatories placed before the jury. We find the words “the

amount thereof” troublesome and in conflict with the very purpose of the Act.

Louisiana Revised Statutes 40:1299.43(C) states:

Once a judgment is entered in favor of a patient who is found to be in need of future medical care and related benefits or a settlement is

4 reached between patient and the patient’s compensation fund in which the provision of medical care and related benefits is agreed upon and continuing as long as medical or surgical attention is reasonably necessary, the patient may make a claim to the patient’s compensation fund through the board for all future medical care and related benefits directly or indirectly made necessary by the health care provider’s malpractice unless the patient refuses to allow them to be furnished.

However, in this particular case, the total award is less than $500,000, and presumably

La.R.S. 40:1299(A)(5) would require a single lump sum payment. After reviewing

jurisprudence relating to the purpose of the act and functions of the LPCF, we do not

find the failure to award a lump sum amount fatal to the claim.

In Kelty v. Brumfield, 93-1142 (La. 2/25/94), 633 So.2d 1210, a case

cited by both parties, the supreme court discussed the history and purpose of the

provisions relating to future medical care and related benefits. It stated, pertaining to

La.R.S. 40:1299.43(A)(1):

This feature of the statutory scheme alone clearly indicates that the agency has exclusive jurisdiction of future medical and related care claims, and this meaning becomes even more evident when other aspects of the legislation are taken into consideration. Third, the same agency that is granted the authority to receive and evaluate claims, and to pay, settle or reject them, is also vested with full powers to assure the cost- effectiveness of claims adjustment and the fiscal soundness of the PCF. The agency has the power to require a medical inspection of the need of each claimant for medical care benefits every six months without a court order and more often with a court order. La.R.S. 40:1299.43G. The agency may reduce the payment of claims pro rata below actual cost of medical expenses if the agency determines that the PCF would be exhausted by payment in full of all claims during any semi-annual period ....

In establishing the administrative program, the legislature gave statutory jurisdiction to the responsible agency for the purpose of granting, denying, or settling medical and related care services claims. Along with this initial decision-making responsibility the legislature gave clear authority to the agency to supervise the administration of continuing claims. The statutory provisions contemplate that the agency

5 will develop expertise and experience in administering not only future medical care claims but also the moneys from which they are to be paid. ....

Finally, the statutory provisions referring to the courts clearly indicate that they are not vested with original jurisdiction or decision making responsibility over future medical care claims. The courts are authorized to perform two limited functions: (I) certification of whether a malpractice victim is a patient is need, i.e., whether the victim’s damages consumed the cap limits without affording her compensation for all actual medical expenses necessitated by the malpractice, and (ii) random and ephemeral housekeeping matters, viz., the court is granted a very limited continuing jurisdiction to award attorney fees when the PCF fails to pay timely, id. 43E(2), and order more frequent physical examinations of a patient, upon reasonable cause.

Id. at 1218.

We find an award by the jury in the “amount thereof” of future medical

costs is beyond that contemplated by Act. Clearly, the trial court’s role is limited and

the expertise of the LPCF in determining applicable costs of future medical care has

been established. LPCF has the authority and resources to determine the amount of

future medical costs. Unlike a lump sum award of future medical costs awarded in a

medical malpractice case not involving the LPCF, an administrative agency does exist

for the purpose of determining the amount. Thus, the argument set forth by LPCF,

that future medical care costs must be determined with certainty, is not applicable in

this instance. LPCF is an administrative body specifically authorized to determine

such costs.

Further, we agree with our colleagues in the fourth circuit who, when

faced with an identical situation where a specific amount was not awarded, stated:

[W]e see nothing wrong with a separate judgment approving each amount of expenses as they are incurred. The statute as a whole confirms our interpretation by providing that future medical expenses are

6 generally to be paid as incurred and by giving the district court continuing jurisdiction for this very purpose. Because the court has continuing jurisdiction, the Commissioner has the opportunity to object to any particular expense as being unreasonable at the time it is submitted for judgment. In short, although the setting of an annual limit on medical expenses damages might be more convenient to the administration of the Fund than the method adopted by the district court, it is not mandated by the statute.

LaMark v. NME Hospitals, Inc., 522 So.2d 634, 638 (La.App. 4 Cir.), writ denied, 526

So.2d 803 (La.1988) (emphasis added).

LPCF cites Merritt v. Karcioglu, 95-1335 (La.App. 4 Cir. 1/19/96), 668

So.2d 469, writs granted in part and denied in part, 96-0431, 96-0435, 96-0454 (La.

4/26/96), 672 So.2d 677, affirmed as amended, 96-0431 (La. 2/25/97), 687 So.2d

1002, amended on rehearing in part, 96-0431 (La. 5/9/97), 693 So.2d 153, another

fourth circuit case, in support of its proposition that failure to award a specific amount

nullifies the finding of future medical need. In Merritt, the jury verdict did not

contain a special interrogatory pertaining to future medical care at all. Our colleagues

on the fourth circuit found that is was not the duty of the plaintiff to request the

special interrogatory, but the duty of the trial court and, where the trial court forgets

to give the special interrogatory, it becomes the plaintiff’s duty to correct the trial

court’s error. Thus, because the plaintiff did not object to the lack of a special

interrogatory for the jury, the appellate court limited the plaintiff’s total recovery to

$500,000. We decline to follow this holding and find the facts of this case more

closely analogous to the LaMark case where the jury did indeed find the need for

future medical care, but did not award a specific amount. Further, we disagree with

our colleagues’ holding that the trial court alone is responsible for giving the special

interrogatory. It behooves the aggrieved party to register an objection if he feels the

7 trial court has committed error. This allows the trial court the opportunity to correct

the error and to preserve the error for appellate review.

Although this case differs in that the total award was less than $500,000,

we still find that the principles enunciated in Kelty control to allow a plaintiff to

submit his claims for future medical care on an as needed basis, particularly where the

LPCF does not object to the interrogatory. The LPCF has the expertise and resources

to determine the necessity and costs for such care, particularly in this case where the

only future medical cost is the replacement of the prosthesis. Further, we agree with

the findings of the LaMark court. Although adherence to the statute may be more

convenient to LPCF, a jury’s factual finding that a plaintiff is in need of future

medical care will not be disregarded because a specific amount was not listed on the

jury interrogatory. Accordingly, this assignment of error is without merit.

JNOV

In Love v. Lewis, 00-06, pp. 4-5 (La.App. 3 Cir. 10/12/00), 771 So.2d

220, 222, writ denied, 00-3506 (La. 2/16/01), 786 So.2d 102, we stated:

La.Code Civ.P. art. 1811 provides the basis for filing a Motion for JNOV. However, Article 1811 does not set forth any specific grounds on which a trial court may set a side a verdict. Therefore, we rely on the well-settled jurisprudence that a JNOV may only be granted when the evidence points so strongly and overwhelmingly in favor of the moving party that reasonable people could not arrive at a contrary verdict on the facts at issue. Peterson v. Gibraltar Sav. & Loan, 98-1601(La.5/18/99); 733 So.2d 1198. Additionally, “[t]he trial court may not weigh the evidence, pass on the credibility of witnesses, or substitute the reasonable inferences of the facts for those of the jury.” McBride v. H. Brown Machine Shop, 98-1271, p. 3 (La.App. 3 Cir. 3/31/99); 732 So.2d 650, 652, writ denied, 99-1288 (La.7/2/99); 741 So.2d 20, quoting Webb v. Goodley, 512 So.2d 527, 530 (La.App. 3 Cir. 1987). In reviewing the grant of a JNOV, an appellate court must first determine whether the trial court erred in granting the JNOV. The appellate court does this by applying the same criteria as the trial court. Anderson v. New Orleans

8 Public Service, Inc., 583 So.2d 829 (La.1991). If reasonable people could have arrived at the same verdict, given the evidence presented to the jury, then the JNOV is improper. Id.

After reviewing the evidence, we find the trial court did not err in

granting Blocker’s JNOV, as reasonable people could not have arrived at the awards

it made. Blocker testified to the events leading up to the amputation of his leg. Since

Dr. Kaimal’s negligence is not at issue in this appeal, we will proceed to discuss

Leonard’s testimony regarding the affects the amputation had on his life. Prior to the

amputation, Blocker recalled that his foot felt like a block of ice and was so cold that

all he could do was “holler.” He testified that, following the amputation, he was in

pain. He also testified that, following the first amputation, while he was in rehab, his

leg became infected and he had to return to the hospital to have more of it removed.

Blocker stated that, when he knew the doctors or nurses were coming to change the

bandaging, he would administer pain medicine because of the pain. Finally, he

described how several of his toes and a portion of his left foot had to be removed.

Blocker stated he had to modify his home to accommodate a wheelchair

prior to getting his prosthesis and that he was depressed about the amputation. He

testified that he lost forty pounds since the amputation. He went on to describe his

prosthesis and how it has to be replaced because they wear out over time. Blocker

also said wearing the prosthesis is very difficult.

Blocker went on to state that he and his wife planned to travel following

their retirement, but that they are unable to do that now without the assistance of their

kids. He stated that it has strained his relationship with his wife and that they are no

longer intimate as they were prior to the amputations. He also said he is more

9 dependent on his wife to do things for him than he was prior to the amputation.

Blocker’s wife, Elizabeth, testified similarly as to the events leading up

to the amputation. She described how Leonard was able to dispense the pain

medication himself when needed and that he was also given oral pain medication. She

also stated that Leonard was in so much pain he could not accomplish anything at the

rehabilitation center. Following the amputation of his right leg, she stated that he

began having pain in his left foot. Elizabeth stated that her husband was very

depressed and would not eat. She also stated that they ceased having intimate

relations. She further testified that they no longer go places like they used to. Finally,

she stated that he becomes very uncomfortable when he wears his prosthesis too long

and that he prefers to stay in the wheelchair.

James testified that, before the amputation, his father was in severe pain

and that it was “wearing down” his mother. He said that, following the amputation,

his father was still in pain and quit eating. He testified that changing the bandages in

the hospital aggravated his dad’s pain. James states that he goes to his parents’ house

two to three times per week and that his father cannot get around like he used to and

no longer works in the yard or does stuff around the house. He also said that his

father prefers not wear his prosthesis and that his stump festers and blisters when he

wears it.

After reviewing the evidence, we find that the trial court properly granted

the JNOV on the issue of damages. Blocker’s injuries were extremely serious and

resulted in the loss of his right leg and a large portion of his left foot. He underwent

several surgeries, skin grafts, and rehabilitation. He described the discomfort he

10 experiences when he wears his prosthesis and one can only imagine the abrupt

lifestyle change the loss of a limb would result in. Reasonable people could not have

arrived at the awards made by the jury, thus the JNOV was properly granted. This

assignment of error is without merit.

GENERAL DAMAGES

Finally, LPCF argues that the award for loss of enjoyment of life is

duplicative of the physical and mental pain and suffering awards. We disagree. In

Richard v. Teague, 92-17, p. 22-23 (La.App. 3 Cir. 5/4/94), 636 So.2d 1160, 1174,

writ denied, 94-1934 (La.11/11/94), 644 So.2d 388 (citations omitted), we held:

Clearly, loss of enjoyment of life may be included within the category of general damages. However, it is not, of necessity, duplicative of “physical and mental pain and anguish, past and future, and any permanent disability”. . . . In reviewing an award of general damages, a court of appeal is required to focus on the total award and not on each individual item.

We find no error in the trial court’s combined award of $150,000 for past and future

mental pain and suffering and loss of enjoyment of life. This assignment of error is

without merit.

CONCLUSION

The judgment in favor of the plaintiff-appellee, Leonard Blocker, is

affirmed. All costs of this appeal are assessed against the defendant-appellant, the

Louisiana Patient’s Compensation Fund.