Lawson v. Lawson

351 S.E.2d 794, 84 N.C. App. 51, 1987 N.C. App. LEXIS 2470
CourtCourt of Appeals of North Carolina
DecidedJanuary 20, 1987
DocketNo. 8628DC714
StatusPublished

This text of 351 S.E.2d 794 (Lawson v. Lawson) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of North Carolina primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Lawson v. Lawson, 351 S.E.2d 794, 84 N.C. App. 51, 1987 N.C. App. LEXIS 2470 (N.C. Ct. App. 1987).

Opinion

JOHNSON, Judge.

The specific issue here is whether a separation agreement, not acknowledged by a Notary Public, filed with plaintiffs complaint and the subsequent filing of a copy of said separation agreement with an unrequested notarial acknowledgment affixed subsequent to the granting of an absolute divorce, and filed in response to defendant’s motion for summary judgment raised a material issue of fact. If so the trial court committed reversible error in granting defendant a summary judgment. We conclude that as a matter of law defendant was entitled to a judgment dismissing plaintiffs complaint.

Defendant in the case sub judice did not answer plaintiffs complaint which alleged defendant breached the unnotarized separation agreement attached thereto. Defendant utilized a Rule 12(b)(6), N.C. Rules Civ. P., pre-answer motion to challenge the sufficiency of plaintiffs complaint. “A Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim is indeed converted to a Rule 56 motion for summary judgment when matters outside the pleadings are presented to and not excluded by the court.” Stanback v. Stanback, 297 N.C. 181, 205, 254 S.E. 2d 611, 627 (1979). However, as noted by the court in Stanback, supra, Rule 10(c), N.C. Rules Civ. P., states in pertinent part, “[a] copy of any written instrument which is an exhibit to a pleading is a part thereof for all purposes." Rule 10(c), N.C. Rules Civ. P. (emphasis added). The separation agreement, which was not notarized, therefore, for all purposes was a part of plaintiffs complaint and was not a matter outside of the pleadings. The significance of this procedural aspect is that if a notarized acknowledgment was not affixed to the agreement as required by G.S. 52-10.1, then plaintiffs complaint did fail to state a claim for which relief may be granted and at this stage defendant’s pre-answer motion on that basis should [55]*55have been granted because the separation agreement alleged in plaintiffs complaint did not meet the requirements of G.S. 52-10.1.

In order for a separation agreement to be valid and legally enforceable the General Assembly, through enactment of G.S. 52-10.1 (1984), has required “that the separation agreement must be in writing and acknowledged by both parties before a certifying officer.” G.S. 52-10.1 (1984) (emphasis supplied). A person acting in the capacity of a notary public may serve as a certifying officer. G.S. 52-10.

In the controlling case of Bolin v. Bolin, 246 N.C. 666, 99 S.E. 2d 920 (1957), the North Carolina Supreme Court stated: “We have universally required separation agreements to be executed in conformity with statutory requirements governing contracts between husband and wife.” Id. at 668, 99 S.E. 2d at 922 (emphasis supplied). A strong argument can be made that a strict adherence to the requirements the General Assembly has deemed proper to impose elevates form over substance. However, the Court in Bolin, supra, further stated that it “has uniformly held that a contract between husband and wife, which must be executed in the manner and form required by G.S. 52-12, is void ab in-itio if the statutory requirements are not observed.” Id. With such express language by the Supreme Court of this State and the plain language of G.S. 52-10.1, we are constrained to require a strict adherence to the statutory formalities required by G.S. 52-10.1.

Here, plaintiff and defendant moved the court for a summary judgment and submitted affidavits in support thereof. In addition to her affidavit, plaintiff submitted a copy of the alleged separation agreement with a notarial acknowledgment affixed subsequent to the filing of her complaint and subsequent to the divorce judgment dissolving the parties’ marriage.

Rule 56(c), N.C. Rules Civ. P., authorizes a trial court to grant a summary judgment as follows:

The judgipent sought shall be rendered forthwith if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that any party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.

[56]*56Rule 56, N.C. Rules Civ. P. The judge’s role is to determine from the forecast of the evidence if there is a material issue of fact that is triable. Wachovia Mortgage Co. v. Autry-Barker-Spurrier Real Estate, Inc., 39 N.C. App. 1, 249 S.E. 2d 727 (1978), aff’d, 297 N.C. 696, 256 S.E. 2d 688 (1979).

The effect of an absolute divorce is that “[a]fter a judgment of divorce from the bonds of matrimony, all rights arising out of the marriage shall cease and determine. . . .” G.S. 50-ll(a). The forecast of the evidence in the case sub judice reveals that prior to the parties’ divorce, defendant approached Attorney Gwynn Gardiner Radeker and requested that he draft a separation agreement for the parties. Mr. Radeker had previously represented J. D. Lawson and Son, Inc., a corporation in which the parties were principals. Mr. Radeker, after advising the parties that they should seek separate legal counsel, reluctantly agreed to “physically draft the documents for them.” Mr. Radeker’s affidavit reveals that he is a notary public, and that he disclosed this fact to the parties, but was not requested by either party to notarize the alleged separation agreement. Moreover, Mr. Radeker’s affidavit reveals that it was in January 1986, after the parties were divorced and after plaintiff instituted this action when plaintiffs attorney visited his office and requested to see the file on this matter to determine if the original document in question was notarized. Plaintiff s attorney discovered that the original was not notarized. At this time Mr. Radeker without request by either party affixed his seal to the document.

Mr. Radeker stated his reasoning for affixing the notarial seal as follows:

It was being affixed because I at that stage in my mind said — well, recognizing it did not have it on it, knowing that I was a Notary Public, knowing at the time what I had told the parties, that the best thing at this stage to do would be to affix my seal and reflect the fact that they did sign it in my presence on the 14th day of November.
I knew at the time I affixed the Seal that Joel Lawson was contesting the enforceability of it and that Jane Lawson was propounding it as an enforceable document. I also understood that it was in Jane’s interest that it be enforceable and in Joel’s interest at that point that it not be enforceable.
[57]*57Q. So you chose to take some efforts to make it enforceable in January of 1986?
A. No. I recognize that I very possibly could have been called to testify as to what happened that day, to what went on, and actually to testify to the document without any blanks on it, but to say “Are you a Notary Public, did you tell them all those things?”
I did not affix it to make it a valid document. I affixed the physical evidence with what I did on it because I felt it was a more straight forward and honest way to do it, because the fact of affixing, I know, would be quite —and I have not tried to hide the fact that I did it very recently and I felt that I would put it on there and have to go before the Court that way because, frankly, I don’t know the total legal effect of the affixing that thing that far later.

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Related

Wachovia Mortgage Co. v. Autry-Barker-Spurrier Real Estate, Inc.
249 S.E.2d 727 (Court of Appeals of North Carolina, 1978)
Stanback v. Stanback
254 S.E.2d 611 (Supreme Court of North Carolina, 1979)
Bolin v. Bolin
99 S.E.2d 920 (Supreme Court of North Carolina, 1957)
Wachovia Mortgage Co. v. Autry-Barker-Spurrier Real Estate, Inc.
256 S.E.2d 688 (Supreme Court of North Carolina, 1979)
DeJaager v. DeJaager
267 S.E.2d 399 (Court of Appeals of North Carolina, 1980)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
351 S.E.2d 794, 84 N.C. App. 51, 1987 N.C. App. LEXIS 2470, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/lawson-v-lawson-ncctapp-1987.