Lavayen v. Duncan

311 F. App'x 468
Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit·Decided February 24, 2009·No. No. 07-3002-pr·Published·Cited by 4 cases

Opinion

SUMMARY ORDER

Marco Lavayen appeals the denial of his 28 U.S.C. § 2254 petition to vacate his New York State conviction for second-degree murder, see N.Y. Penal Law § 125.25[2]. The parties’ briefs address the single issue on which the district court granted a certificate of appealability, ie., the purported ineffectiveness of Lavayen’s trial counsel. See Order, Lavayen v. Duncan, No. 02-cv-0035 (E.D.N.Y. June 20, 2007). In addressing that issue, we assume the parties’ familiarity with the facts and procedural history of this case, which we reference only as necessary to explain our decision.

1. Standard of Review

We review the district court’s denial of Lavayen’s § 2254 petition de novo, see Bell v. Miller, 500 F.3d 149, 154 (2d Cir.2007), affording AEDPA deference to the state court's merits-based rejection of Lavayen’s ineffective assistance claim, see 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1); Jimenez v. Walker, 458 F.3d 130, 145 (2d Cir.2006). The touchstone of our deferential review is Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984), which requires a defendant complaining of ineffective assistance to show (1) that his counsel’s performance was objectively unreasonable, see id. at 687,104 S.Ct. 2052, and (2) that, “but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different,” id. at 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052. Strickland’s burden is a heavy one because the law indulges a “strong presumption that counsel’s conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance.” Id. at 689,104 S.Ct. 2052.

Because we conclude that Lavayen has not carried his Strickland burden, we necessarily conclude that his habeas claim fails under AEDPA. See Bell v. Cone, 535 U.S. 685, 693-94, 122 S.Ct. 1843, 152 L.Ed.2d 914 (2002) (holding that AEDPA requires habeas petitioner to demonstrate that state court unreasonably applied clearly established Supreme Court precedent).

2. The Ineffective Assistance Claim

Lavayen faults counsel’s performance in three respects: his failure (1) to exploit ballistics evidence suggesting that more than two guns (and, therefore, more than one shooter) were involved in events relating to the charged murder, (2) to elicit evidence that another person had been identified as the shooter of the murder victim, and (3) to impeach prosecution witness Merrick Morgan with various inconsistent statements. The argument is unconvincing.

a. Ballistics Evidence

Lavayen’s argument that defense counsel failed adequately to exploit ballistics evidence is belied by the record. On cross-examination, defense counsel secured testimony from one police expert that “three to four handguns” were involved in the events at issue and testimony from another police expert that “a minimum of six weapons” were used. With these admissions on the record, it was not objectively unreasonable for counsel to have foregone extended inquiry into individual pieces of ballistics evidence simply to reinforce the same point.

To the extent Lavayen faults counsel for not objecting to the prosecution’s summa[470] tion about the number of guns fired, we identify no constitutional ineffectiveness. The government’s statement that the ballistics evidence proved that only two weapons were fired inside the club where the victim was killed was argument. In his own summation, defense counsel had already highlighted for the jury the detectives’ statements indicating that three to six guns had been fired. Further, he had urged the jury to conclude from those admissions as well as evidence of the recovery site of the ballistics evidence that the shooters were likely to have been club employees, the only persons on the scene who had not been frisked prior to entering the premises. On this record, we cannot conclude that the prosecutor’s statement was so patently erroneous and prejudicial as to impose a constitutional obligation on defense counsel to object. See United States v. Cohen, 427 F.3d 164, 170 (2d Cir.2005) (“[Ajbsent any prejudicial error in the Government’s summation, the failure ... to raise an otherwise futile objection could not have rendered counsel ineffective.”); cf. People v. Nieves, 2 A.D.3d 539, 540, 767 N.Y.S.2d 913, 914 (2d Dep’t 2003) (“[A] prosecutor has broad latitude in responding to the defense counsel’s summation or commenting on the trial testimony.” (internal quotation marks omitted)).

b. Identification Evidence

Lavayen submits that counsel was objectively unreasonable in failing to adduce evidence that a person other than petitioner had been identified as the shooter. The argument focuses primarily on the identification made by Hu Len Ginn.2

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