Latanya Williams v. P.I. Properties No. 42, L.P.

Opinion

Case 2:22-cv-05023-ODW-JPR Document 36 Filed 11/28/22 Page 1 of 10 Page ID #:150

O 1 JS-6 2

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7 8 United States District Court 9 Central District of California 10

11 LATANYA WILLIAMS, Case № 2:22-cv-05023-ODW (JPRx)

12 Plaintiff, ORDER SANCTIONING SO CAL 13 EQUAL ACCESS GROUP IN THE 14 v. AMOUNT OF $8,001 (FRCP 11) AND

15 DISMISSING CASE PURSUANT TO P.I. PROPERTIES NO. 42, L.P., SETTLEMENT 16 Defendant. 17 18 20 After Plaintiff Latanya Williams moved for default judgment against Defendant 21 P.I. Properties No. 42, L.P. for construction access barrier-related violations of the 22 Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (“ADA”), (Mot. Default J. (“Mot.”), ECF 23 No. 23-1), the Court ordered Williams’s attorneys and their firm, the So Cal Equal 24 Access Group, to show cause regarding monetary sanctions in light of the firm’s 25 repeated reliance on outdated law, (Order to Show Cause (“OSC”) 11, ECF No. 24). 26 Based on the responses counsel filed and the record of the case, and pursuant to Federal 27 Rule of Civil Procedure (“Rule”) 11, the Court SANCTIONS the So Cal Equal Access 28 Group in the amount of $8,001, to be paid to the Court. Case 2:22-cv-05023-ODW-JPR Document 36 Filed 11/28/22 Page 2 of 10 Page ID #:151

2 Williams uses a wheelchair due to medical conditions that significantly impair 3 her mobility. (Compl. ¶ 1, ECF No. 1.) In May 2022, Williams visited the subject 4 property, a liquor store. (Id. ¶¶ 10–11.) Williams alleges that P.I. Properties failed to 5 provide a disabled parking space that complies with the ADA. (Id. ¶¶ 24–26.) 6 Williams initiated this action against P.I. Properties asserting five causes of 7 action: (1) violation of the ADA, (2) violation of the California Unruh Civil Rights Act, 8 (3) violation of the California Disabled Persons Act, (4) violation of California Health 9 & Safety Code § 19955, and (5) negligence. (Id. ¶¶ 18–49.) The Court declined to 10 exercise supplemental jurisdiction over the state-law claims (claims two through five) 11 and dismissed those claims without prejudice, leaving only the ADA claim at issue. 12 (Order Declining Suppl. Jurisdiction, ECF No. 15.) Upon Williams’s request, the Clerk 13 entered default against P.I. Properties. (Default by Clerk, ECF No. 22.) 14 Williams moved for default judgment against P.I. Properties, seeking an 15 injunction under the ADA and attorneys’ fees and costs in the amount of $2,667. (See 16 Mot. 5.) The Court denied the motion for multiple independent reasons; for the 17 purposes of this Order, the most important of those reasons was that Williams failed to 18 address her burden under Lopez v. Catalina Channel Express, Inc., 974 F.3d 1030, 1038 19 (9th Cir. 2020), and instead cited to two cases—Wilson v. Haria & Gogri Corp., 479 F. 20 Supp. 2d 1127, 1133 n.7 (E.D. Cal. 2007) and Vogel v. Rite Aid Corp., 992 F. Supp. 2d 21 998, 1010–11 (C.D. Cal. 2014)—for a proposition that Lopez directly abrogated. (See 22 OSC 8.) 23 Under Lopez, “to satisfy their initial burden, ADA plaintiffs must plausibly show 24 how the cost of removing the architectural barrier at issue does not exceed the benefits 25 under the circumstances.” 974 F.3d at 1038. Under this approach, plaintiffs bear the 26 initial burden of “articulat[ing] a plausible proposal for barrier removal, ‘the costs of 27 which, facially, do not clearly exceed its benefits.’” Id. (quoting Roberts v. Royal Atl. 28 Corp., 542 F.3d 363, 373 (2d Cir. 2008)). Here, in denying Williams’s Motion for

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1 Default Judgment, the Court observed that “Williams presents no facts and instead asks 2 the Court to simply assume she has satisfied the ‘readily achievable’ requirement, 3 which, after Lopez, the Court may not do.” (OSC 8.) The Court further noted that, since 4 May 2022, in ruling on the So Cal Equal Access Group’s other default judgment 5 motions, both this Court and other judges in the Central District of California have 6 pointed out the So Cal Equal Access Group’s repeated citation of law that Lopez 7 abrogated. (Id. at 7–8.) Based thereon, the Court ordered Williams’s attorneys “to 8 show cause by appearing at a hearing regarding monetary sanctions for violating (1) 9 Rule 11(b)(2) regarding frivolousness and (2) counsel’s ethical duties, including 10 counsel’s duty of candor to the court, Cal. R. Prof’l Conduct 3.1(a)(2), 3.3(a)(2).” (Id. 11 at 9.) The Court provided notice of sanctions of up to $8,001, based on three times the 12 amount of attorneys’ fees Williams’s attorney requested. (Id.) 13 Upon receipt of counsel’s OSC Response, (OSC Resp., ECF No. 27), the Court 14 ordered counsel to file a list of the fifteen most recent default judgment motions they 15 had filed in the Central District of California, (Order File Suppl. Materials, ECF 16 No. 29). Counsel filed that list on November 14, 2022. (Default J. Mot. List, ECF 17 No. 32.) Based on those materials, the Court ordered counsel to show further cause 18 regarding possible misrepresentations in their sworn declarations. (Order to Show 19 Further Cause (“OSFC”), ECF No. 33.) On Friday, November 18, 2022, counsel filed 20 a Response to the OSFC. (OSFC Resp., ECF No. 34.) 22 Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure provides in relevant part that 23 that, by presenting a signed filing to the court, an attorney “certifies” that (1) the filing 24 is “not being presented for any improper purpose, such as to harass, cause unnecessary 25 delay, or needlessly increase the cost of litigation;” (2) the filing’s “claims, defenses, 26 and other legal contentions are warranted by existing law or by a nonfrivolous argument 27 for extending, modifying, or reversing existing law or for establishing new law;” [and] 28 (3) the filing’s “factual contentions have evidentiary support.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 11(b)(1),

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1 (2), (3). When a party or attorney violates Rule 11(b), the court can impose an 2 “appropriate sanction,” including a monetary sanction, “after notice and a reasonable 3 opportunity to respond.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 11(c). “[T]he central purpose of Rule 11 is to 4 deter baseless filings in district court and thus, consistent with the Rules Enabling Act’s 5 grant of authority, streamline the administration and procedure of the federal courts.” 6 Cooter & Gell v. Hartmarx Corp., 496 U.S. 384, 393 (1990). A Rule 11 sanction “must 7 be limited to what suffices to deter repetition of the conduct or comparable conduct by 8 others similarly situated.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 11(c)(4). 9 Courts may act sua sponte to impose Rule 11 sanctions on an attorney. United 10 Nat’l Ins. Co. v. R&D Latex Corp., 242 F.3d 1102, 1115–16 (9th Cir. 2001); see Fed. 11 R. Civ. P. 11(c)(3). In so doing, the court is required to give the attorney “notice and 12 an opportunity to respond.” Matsumaru v. Sato, 521 F. Supp. 2d 1013, 1016 (D. Ariz. 13 2007). Moreover, when a court is considering Rule 11 sanctions, the “safe harbor” 14 provisions that would otherwise allow an offending party twenty-one days to correct 15 their error do not apply. R&D Latex, 242 F.3d at 1116. Importantly, sua sponte 16 sanctions “will ordinarily be issued only in situations that are akin to a contempt of 17 court.” Barber v. Miller, 146 F.3d 707, 711 (9th Cir. 1998) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 11 18 advisory committee’s note to 1993 amendment).1 20 The Motion for Default Judgment Williams filed in this matter is signed by her 21 counsel of record, Jason J. Kim, and is therefore subject to Rule 11. (See Mot. 9.) The 22 principal issue here is whether counsel’s legal contentions in Williams’s Motion for 23 Default Judgment regarding the “readily achievable” requirement “are warranted by 24 existing law or by a nonfrivolous argument for extending, modifying, or reversing 25 existing law or for establishing new law” or otherwise have an “improper purpose.” 26 1 Rule 11(c)(5) prohibits courts from imposing monetary sanctions where the party or its attorney 27 voluntarily dismissed or settled the claims at issue before the Court issued its show-cause order under 28 Rule 11(c)(3). Here, the Court issued its original show-cause order at 1:23 PM on October 31, 2022, which was over three hours before Williams voluntarily dismissed the case, at 4:49 PM the same day.

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1 Fed. R. Civ. P. 11(b)(1), (2). As explained below, the Court finds that Williams’s 2 attorneys’ reasons for filing a legally unsound, outdated default judgment brief are 3 insufficient, such that the filing of the brief constitutes sufficient basis for imposing 4 Rule 11 monetary sanctions. 5 A secondary, but nevertheless important, issue is whether counsel’s factual 6 contentions regarding the reasons they filed an outdated brief in this matter “have 7 evidentiary support.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 11(b)(3). As explained below, the list of fifteen 8 default judgment motions and counsel’s OSFC Response provide this Court with 9 sufficient basis to find that counsel has not been forthright with the Court in its reasons 10 for filing an outdated brief in this case. 11 A. OSC Response—Reasons for Outdated Default Judgment Brief 12 First, counsel’s OSC Response is meager; Attorney Kim attributes the filing of 13 the outdated brief to a “technical issue” and an error on the part of Attorney Yoon. (See 14 Decl. Jason J. Kim ISO OSC Resp. ¶ 3, ECF No. 27-1 (“My failure to ensure that the 15 Lopez decision was included . . . was entirely due to my inadvertence and pure mistake. 16 It was absolutely not my intention to deceive the Court . . . .”); Decl. Jason Yoon ISO 17 OSC Resp. (“Yoon Decl.”) ¶ 5, ECF No. 27-2 (“When revising the template for the 18 motions for default judgment . . . , I thought that I had already replaced the previous 19 case law with . . . . Lopez . . . . To the best of my recollection, I did modify the template 20 but I must have forgotten to save the .WORD document for the template . . . .”).) Yoon 21 promises that “[t]his Court will not witness the same error again in any future motions 22 for default judgment.” (Yoon Decl. ¶ 6.) 23 Counsel admits that the So Cal Equal Access Group filed the outdated brief in 24 many of their other ADA cases since this Court first pointed out the outdated law in 25 May 2022 in Soto v. Rio Gary II, L.P. (“Rio Gary”), No. 2:21-cv-02829-ODW (MAAx), 26 2022 WL 112047, at *4 n.3 (C.D. Cal. Jan. 12, 2022) (Wright, J.). The reason they did 27 not discover the error until recently, they assert, is because “other courts’ orders of 28 denial of motions . . . filed starting from the end of May of 2022 did not point out the

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1 lack of Lopez citation.” (OSC Resp. 2.) Of course, this Court’s concern goes beyond 2 the mere lack of a citation to Lopez; the concern is that Lopez, a Ninth Circuit case, 3 directly contradicts case law counsel previously cited, and Lopez thus directly 4 undermines the merit of the So Cal Equal Access Group’s default judgment motions. 5 Cal. R. Prof’l Conduct 3.3(a)(2) (“A lawyer shall not . . . fail to disclose to the tribunal 6 legal authority in the controlling jurisdiction known to the lawyer to be directly adverse 7 to the position of the client and not disclosed by opposing counsel . . . .”).2 Moreover, 8 counsel’s purported mistake is not an acceptable excuse in this case. Whatever 9 workflow may exist between two attorneys, when an attorney’s name is on a court 10 filing, it is that attorney’s responsibility to ensure that all law cited in that filing is good, 11 up-to-date law. Cal. R. Prof’l Conduct 3.1(a)(2), 3.3(a)(2). The Court cannot conclude 12 that affixing an attorney signature dozens of times to a brief containing clearly outdated 13 law constitutes a mistake made in good faith. 14 Rule 11 sanctions may be imposed, and will be upheld, where an attorney’s 15 omission of case law renders the attorney’s argument frivolous. United States v. 16 Stringfellow, 911 F.2d 225, 226 (9th Cir. 1990). Here, sanctions are appropriate 17 because, by omitting Lopez and continuing to ask this Court to enter default judgment 18 as if Lopez had never issued, Williams’s attorneys make a frivolous argument. Lopez 19 requires plaintiffs to articulate a plausible proposal for barrier removal as part of their 20 prima facie case. 974 F.3d at 1038. Instead of citing or otherwise accounting for Lopez, 21 counsel did just the opposite: they cited abrogated cases holding that articulating a 22 plausible proposal for barrier removal is not part of the prima facie case and is instead 23 an affirmative defense that a defendant may choose to raise. By ignoring Lopez and 24 failing to articulate a plausible proposal for barrier removal, Williams lacks any basis 25 whatsoever for claiming that she has made a prima facie case under the ADA. Absent 26

27 2 “Attorneys appearing before the federal courts in the Central District of California must adhere to 28 California laws and ethical rules.” Doe v. Fitzgerald, No. 2:20-10713-MWF (RAOx), 2022 WL 4596557, at *5 (citing Rodriguez v. Disner, 688 F3d 645, 656 (9th Cir. 2012)); C.D. Cal. L.R. 83-3.1.2.

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1 an attempt to meet her burden under Lopez, Williams’s Motion is frivolous, and Rule 11 2 sanctions against her attorneys are appropriate. 3 The filing of the outdated brief in this case provides sufficient basis for the 4 imposition of sanctions pursuant to Rule 11. 5 B. Order to File Supplemental Materials & OSFC Responses—Reconciling 6 Asserted “Technical Error” with Repeat Filings of Same Incorrect Brief in 7 Other Cases 8 In addition to the foregoing basis for sanctions, counsel’s responses to the Court’s 9 subsequent orders regarding potential misrepresentations in their OSC Response 10 provide further basis for sanctions and bring counsel’s conduct well within the akin-to- 11 contempt standard. Barber, 146 F.3d at 711. 12 The Court instructed counsel to file a list of the fifteen most recent default 13 judgment motions the So Cal Equal Access Group has filed in any of its construction 14 access barrier cases in the Central District. (Order File Suppl. Materials.) Counsel 15 provided that list. (See Default J. Mot. List.) Each motion on counsel’s list relies on 16 the same outdated template used in this case—the template that cites Wilson and Vogel 17 for the key legal proposition that Lopez supplanted, as discussed above. (Id.) Counsel 18 declares that the So Cal Equal Access Group drafted an updated brief in May 2022, but 19 due to an error in saving the template, the firm continued to file the outdated brief in 20 this and at least fourteen other cases. (OSC Resp. 2; Yoon Decl. ¶ 5.) 21 Shortly before counsel filed their list of fifteen cases pursuant to the Court’s 22 Order to File Supplemental Materials, the So Cal Equal Access Group dismissed all the 23 cases on that list that had a default judgment motion pending. To clarify and emphasize 24 this point: counsel for the So Cal Equal Access Group did not dismiss these cases when 25 the Court first issued its original OSC on October 31, 2022, pointing out the Lopez 26 problem and reminding counsel that the Court alerted them to this issue as early as May 27 2022. Counsel still had not dismissed those cases at the time they filed their two 28 declarations here purporting to explain the so-called “technical error” and

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1 acknowledging that the error was replicated in the other cases. Counsel dismissed the 2 cases only after the Court ordered them to provide a list of cases. The Court finds this 3 conduct difficult to reconcile. Counsel was undoubtedly aware, at the time they filed 4 the original OSC Response in this case, that their outdated brief had been filed in 5 numerous other cases; counsel expressly admitted as much.3 (OSC Resp. 2:17–21.) It 6 is unclear to the Court why counsel did not withdraw the outdated brief in these cases, 7 or dismiss these cases, immediately upon realizing they had filed an outdated brief, and 8 instead waited an additional two weeks, until the Court required counsel to disclose the 9 other cases. This litigation conduct suggests that the filing of the outdated briefs in the 10 other cases was intentional, not erroneous.4 11 Finally, the Court notes that, in two recent So Cal Equal Access Group 12 construction access barrier cases assigned to this Court, the default judgment motion 13 deadlines were approaching, but just before the motions became due, the firm dismissed 14 the two cases, on November 15, 2022, and November 16, 2022 respectively. Notice of 15 Voluntary Dismissal, Elliott v. Janosevic, No. 2:22-cv-04573-ODW (AGRx), ECF 16 No. 18 (C.D. Cal. filed Nov. 15, 2022); Notice of Voluntary Dismissal, Raglin v. DKK 17 Grp., LLC, No. 2:22-cv-05856-ODW (PDx), ECF No. 18 (C.D. Cal. filed Nov. 16, 18 2022). In both cases, counsel did not indicate that dismissal was pursuant to any 19 settlement; instead, the dismissals both appear to be unilateral, without-prejudice 20 dismissals made at the plaintiff’s sole request. The Court finds these observations 21 difficult to reconcile with counsel’s representation that a legally sound, updated brief 22

23 3 This observation applies to the fourteen cases counsel disclosed and many more cases beyond that. Counsel’s list of cases with recently filed default judgment motions spans mid-September 2022 to the 24 end of October 2022. By this Court’s count, the So Cal Equal Access Group filed a total of thirty- 25 eight default judgment motions between May 2, 2022, and October 31, 2022. Without examining each of these motions by hand, and based on Attorney Yoon’s admission that he did not save the updated 26 brief as the template for the firm, it is reasonable to assume that the outdated brief was filed in all of these cases as well. 27 4 To be clear, the Court does not impose sanctions on the basis of counsel’s litigation conduct before 28 other courts. Instead, the Court discusses counsel’s litigation conduct before other courts as part of the Court’s exploration of whether counsel has made misrepresentations to this Court.

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1 has been available since May 2022; if such a brief were indeed drafted and available, 2 the Court would have expected counsel to file it, as was their historic practice, rather 3 than to dismiss these cases. 4 The foregoing provides the Court with sufficient basis to find that Williams’s 5 attorneys have made misrepresentations to the Court, either by way of affirmative 6 misrepresentations or material omissions, regarding the genesis and existence of the 7 So Cal Equal Access Group’s updated default judgment brief template. This finding 8 constitutes an additional basis on which to impose monetary sanctions. 9 C. Appropriateness of Monetary Sanction 10 In summary, the record contains sufficient evidence of violations of Rule 11, such 11 that the full sanction of $8,001, imposed on the So Cal Equal Access Group only, is 12 appropriate based on the continued filing of legally unsound default judgment briefs 13 and the lack of meaningful explanation for doing so. See Premier Comm. Corp. Ltd. v. 14 FMC Corp., 139 F.R.D. 670, 672 (N.D. Cal. 1991) (finding a Rule 11 violation where 15 attorney misrepresented in brief that Ninth Circuit had not adopted a certain legal test 16 articulated by the Second Circuit when in fact the Ninth Circuit had adopted said test 17 verbatim); see also Roe v. Nevada, 621 F. Supp. 2d 1039, 1061 (D. Nev. 2007) 18 (imposing sua sponte Rule 11 sanctions on plaintiff’s counsel on basis of incorrect legal 19 citations and references to record, typos and incomplete sentences, undeveloped and 20 nonresponsive arguments, single-spaced formatting, and failure to provide pinpoint 21 citations in briefs). Sanctions are further justified based on the indications in the record 22 that counsel made material misrepresentations to the Court regarding the genesis and 23 existence of the updated default judgment brief template. The Court finds this monetary 24 sanction to be appropriate and necessary to deter future similar violations by the So Cal 25 Equal Access Group and other law firms. 26 /// 27 /// 28 ///

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1 Vv. CONCLUSION 2 For the foregoing reasons, the Court SANCTIONS the So Cal Equal Access 3 | Group in the amount of eight thousand and one dollars ($8,001), payable to the Clerk 4]| of the Court. Counsel shall file a Proof of Payment with this Court no later than 5 | December 12, 2022. 6 Moreover, pursuant to the Notice of Voluntary Dismissal, (ECF No. 28), the 7 || Court hereby DISMISSES the case WITH PREJUDICE. All remaining dates and 8 | deadlines are VACATED, and with the exception of the order to pay sanctions and 9 || submit proof of payment, all outstanding orders are DISCHARGED. The Clerk of the 10 || Court shall close the case. 11 13 14 November 28, 2022 ~N . 15 os 16 lie 17 OTIS D. WRIGHT, I ig UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

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