LaRue v. GeneScreen, Inc.

957 S.W.2d 958, 1997 Tex. App. LEXIS 6547, 1997 WL 780422
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedDecember 18, 1997
Docket09-96-320 CV
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 957 S.W.2d 958 (LaRue v. GeneScreen, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
LaRue v. GeneScreen, Inc., 957 S.W.2d 958, 1997 Tex. App. LEXIS 6547, 1997 WL 780422 (Tex. Ct. App. 1997).

Opinion

OPINION

BURGESS, Justice.

Joe LaRue and his wife, Phyllis, filed suit against GeneScreen, Inc., Robert Giles, Judith I. Floyd (collectively GeneScreen), Baylor College of Medicine, Thomas Caskey, and Holly Hammond (collectively Baylor) for negligence in their interpretation and reporting of the results of genetic testing performed on Joe LaRue in connection with criminal pro *960 ceedings. The trial court granted GeneS-ereen’s and Baylor’s motions for summary judgment. On appeal, the LaRues claim in their first two points of error that the trial court erred in granting the motions. Point of error one contends the trial court erred if it granted summary judgment on either the theory Baylor and GeneScreen owed no duty to the LaRues or the theory the reports were absolutely privileged. Point of error two contends the trial court erred if it granted summary judgment on the theory the La-Rues’ claim is barred by limitations.

The trial court did not specify upon which of several grounds summary judgment was granted. Therefore, if any of the theories advanced are meritorious, the summary judgment will be affirmed. Carr v. Brasher, 776 S.W.2d 567, 569 (Tex.1989). We first address appellees’ theory that the negligence action was barred by the statute of limitations.

Baylor and GeneScreen both claimed in their respective motions for summary judgment that the LaRues’ negligence claim was time-barred. A cause of action for negligence is governed by the two-year limitations period of Tex. Civ. Peac. & Rem.Code Ann. § 16.003(a) (Vernon 1986). Generally, “a cause of action accrues when a wrongful act causes some legal injury, even if the fact of injury is not discovered until later, and even if all resulting damages have not yet occurred.” S.V. v. R.V., 933 S.W.2d 1, 4 (Tex.1996). An exception to this is the “discovery rule.” Id. Under the discovery rule, “an action does not accrue until the plaintiff knew or in the exercise of reasonable diligence should have known of the wrongful act and resulting injury.” Id.

Baylor issued its forensic report to the police department on September 4, 1990. GeneScreen submitted its report to the District Attorney’s office on August 14, 1991. On June 9, 1992, the District Attorney’s office provided both reports to Joe’s attorney in the criminal proceeding. On July 29,1994, the LaRues’ expert, Ronald Singer, issued his report reviewing the analysis conducted by Baylor and GeneScreen. The LaRues’ suit was filed July 24,1995, clearly more than two years after the issuance of the reports which are the basis of the action. Therefore, unless the discovery rule applies, the La-Rues’ negligence claim is barred by the statute of limitations.

In order for the discovery rule to apply, the nature of the injury incurred must be inherently undiscoverable and the evidence of injury must be objectively verifiable. Computer Assoc. Int’l, Inc. v. Altai, Inc., 918 S.W.2d 453, 456 (Tex.1996). “An injury is inherently undiscoverable if it is by nature unlikely to be discovered within the prescribed limitations period despite due diligence.” S.V., 933 S.W.2d at 7 (citing Computer Assoc., 918 S.W.2d at 456). An “objectively verifiable” injury is one in which the facts upon which liability is asserted are demonstrated by direct, physical evidence. See id. at 7.

Relying on Thomson v. Espey Huston & Assoc., Inc., 899 S.W.2d 415 (Tex.App.—Austin 1995, no writ), the LaRues argue Baylor and GeneScreen failed to conclusively establish a layperson could have perceived the nature of the injury more than two years before the filing of the suit. The LaRues contend the injury was undiscoverable to anyone other than an expert in the matters of genetic testing and, therefore, the limitations period did not begin to run until they obtained the evaluation of Baylor’s and Gen-eScreen’s report produced by Singer on July 29,1994.

The court in Thomson applied the discovery rule to an action for negligence in the performance of engineering services. Thomson, 899 S.W.2d at 423. (Among other things, Espey was responsible for designing drainage structures, facilities for controlling storm water runoff, and “on site” water and wastewater distribution and collection systems, and for testing soil quality and providing certain foundation and pavement recommendations. Id. at 417.) The court reasoned:

Engineering consultants are hired precisely because ordinary persons—even general contractors—may be unable to distinguish suitable drainage systems from unsuitable ones. Having engaged an engineer to remedy his own lack of expertise, a general contractor cannot be expected to assess the competence of the engineer’s work be *961 fore there is an opportunity to test the final product. In this case, the summary judgment evidence did not conclusively establish that a layperson could perceive any problems with Espey’s services before the flooding occurred and the damage to the buildings became manifest.

Id. at 423. The court thus found the limitations period began to run when Thomson “knew or should have known” there was a problem, i.e., when the building flooded. See id.

The theory underlying the LaRues’ claim is that if Baylor and GeneSereen had correctly performed the genetic testing, Joe would have been excluded as a suspect in the capital murder investigation. Thus, the La-Rues “knew or should have known” there was a problem when the reports did not exclude Joe. The fact they did not know precisely what the problem was did not absolve the LaRues of the duty to use reasonable diligence to discover it. “The discovery rule is not applied in Texas so as to excuse a party from the exercise of reasonable diligence in protecting his own interests_” Johnson v. Abbey, 737 S.W.2d 68, 70 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1987, no writ) (quoting McClung v. Johnson, 620 S.W.2d 644, 646 (Tex.Civ.App.—Dallas 1981, writ refd n.r.e.)). The LaRues were aware, by June 9, 1992, at the latest, that there was a problem, i.e., Baylor’s and GeneScreen’s reports did not exclude Joe as a suspect. The LaRues present no summary judgment evidence to explain or justify the subsequent two-year delay in determining why the reports failed to exclude Joe.

Thomson actually supports Baylor’s and GeneScreen’s argument. In that case the limitations began to run when the flooding occurred, not when Thomson learned why the flood occurred. See Thomson, 899 S.W.2d at 423. Likewise, the LaRues’ cause of action accrued when they learned the reports failed to exclude Joe, not when they learned why Joe was not excluded.

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957 S.W.2d 958, 1997 Tex. App. LEXIS 6547, 1997 WL 780422, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/larue-v-genescreen-inc-texapp-1997.