Lard v. State

749 So. 2d 276, 1999 WL 690169
CourtCourt of Appeals of Mississippi
DecidedSeptember 7, 1999
Docket97-KA-01427-COA
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 749 So. 2d 276 (Lard v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Mississippi primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Lard v. State, 749 So. 2d 276, 1999 WL 690169 (Mich. Ct. App. 1999).

Opinion

749 So.2d 276 (1999)

Nathaniel LARD a/k/a Nathaniel Davis Lard a/k/a Nate Lard, Appellant,
v.
STATE of Mississippi, Appellee.

No. 97-KA-01427-COA.

Court of Appeals of Mississippi.

September 7, 1999.

*277 David A. Stephenson, Meridian, Attorney for Appellant.

Office of the Attorney General by W. Glenn Watts, Attorney for Appellee.

BEFORE SOUTHWICK, P.J., BRIDGES, AND IRVING, JJ.

SOUTHWICK, P.J., for the Court:

¶ 1. Nathaniel Lard was convicted of the sale of a controlled substance. On appeal, he contends that the reasons given by the State for striking black potential jurors were not racially neutral, and that a videotape should not have been admitted into evidence. We find no reversible error and affirm.

FACTS

¶ 2. On October 26, 1990, agents from the Mississippi Bureau of Narcotics conducted undercover drug "sting" operations in Lauderdale County. Undercover agent Frazial Williams and a confidential informant drove to Scruggs Grocery, a suspected location at which drug dealers conducted their trade. The informant exited the vehicle and approached the defendant Lard. She told him that the other person with her wished to purchase crack cocaine. The informant then entered the store.

¶ 3. Lard approached the vehicle and asked what the agent wished to purchase. Agent Williams responded that he wanted $200 worth of crack. Lard agreed and entered the store. When he returned, he had in his possession eight rocks of cocaine. Williams bargained a bit, and Lard ultimately agreed to sell him nine rocks for $200. Two other agents listened to the transaction by way of the transmitter with which Williams had been equipped.

¶ 4. Williams later identified Lard through photographs that the other agents showed him. He also identified Lard during another transaction two weeks later at Scruggs Grocery, this sale being videotaped. Lard allegedly also sold drugs to Agent Williams on that occasion.

¶ 5. Lard was indicted in April 1991, for the unlawful sale of a controlled substance. However, due to Lard's apparent flight from justice, he was not arrested until 1997. Following a trial held in the Lauderdale County Circuit Court, Lard was convicted and sentenced to thirty years in the Mississippi Department of Corrections. The judge further ordered that Lard pay a $10,000 fine.

DISCUSSION

I. Batson violation

¶ 6. At trial, the State exercised five of its peremptory challenges to exclude black members of the jury panel. Lard objected and the court held that he had established a prima facie case of racial discrimination. The State was then directed to give racially neutral reasons for striking each potential juror. The court accepted each of the reasons as race neutral and allowed the State to strike the jurors. On appeal, Lard argues that the reasons given by the State were not race neutral but were based on stereotypical assumptions.

¶ 7. The need to examine the use of peremptory challenges for possible discriminatory purposes was established in Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79, 96, 106 S.Ct. 1712, 90 L.Ed.2d 69 (1986). Once *278 either party has established a prima facie case of discrimination by the use of the challenges, the other party must supply reasons that are racially neutral. The same degree of justification for a peremptory challenge is not needed as is required for a challenge for cause. The party objecting to a challenge may try to rebut the reasons that have been offered. When no rebuttal is given, the court simply examines the stated reasons for the challenge. Harper v. State, 635 So.2d 864, 867 (Miss. 1994).

¶ 8. Lard objected to the State's exercise of its first four peremptory challenges, all of which were used against blacks. The State also had accepted five black and seven white jurors. The trial judge stated "I think caution would be that the State provide a racially neutral reason."

¶ 9. The first juror struck had indicated that he would have difficulty convicting the defendant based upon the testimony of only one witness. The next acknowledged that he had a family member who had been charged, but not yet convicted, of a crime. No serious objection is made here to those strikes. These strikes comply with supreme court precedents. Lockett v. State, 517 So.2d 1346, 1357 (Miss.1987) (involving juror with grave reservation with respect to her ability to adequately look at and appraise the tape recording evidence); Magee v. State, 720 So.2d 186, 190 (Miss.1998) (involving family member who had been convicted or charged).

¶ 10. The reasons given for striking the remaining three jurors are said to stereotype minorities. Juror number fourteen was stricken because she was twenty-five years of age, unmarried, had five children, was unemployed, and had no way to support the children. The State argued, she "doesn't really have a stake in our community." The prosecutor said "[s]ame thing" for Juror number sixteen, who was twenty-five years old, unemployed, and an unmarried mother of two children. The defense counsel argued that being unmarried did not foreclose that they might be getting child support and other financial contributions from the fathers, and did not mean that they were on welfare. The prosecutor's response was that there were no white jurors who had the same answers on their questionnaires, but had there been he would have struck them too. The judge found these challenges to be racially neutral.

¶ 11. After the defense then used its first four peremptory challenges on white jurors, the roles of explaining the reasons and opposing them were reversed. The court accepted all defense strikes. The final peremptory challenge then used by the State was to exclude Juror number 24. He was thirty-seven years old, unmarried, unemployed, and the father of two children. The court also accepted this as a racially neutral reason.

¶ 12. The supreme court dealt recently with a quite similar appeal:

As to the next two jurors, juror 2 was thirty-five years old, had three children and no husband. Juror 6 was twenty-eight, had two children and was unemployed. All of these reasons have been held to be racially neutral. Lockett v. State, 517 So.2d 1346, 1356-57 (Miss. 1987). In Lockett v. State, 517 So.2d 1346 (Miss.1987), this Court presented a list of reasons accepted as race neutral by other courts throughout the country in an effort to provide guidance to trial judges in this state, including age, demeanor, marital status, single with children, ... employment history,... unemployed with no roots in the community.... Lockett, 517 So.2d at 1356-57; Davis v. State, 660 So.2d 1228, 1242 (Miss.1995).

Gibson v. State, 731 So.2d 1087 (¶ 25) (1998). The court held that "[i]n light of Lockett, the explanations given by the State on jurors 2 and 6 are race-neutral." Id.

¶ 13. If the reason stated is facially race-neutral, deciding whether it is a pre-text *279 and lying unstated is instead a racially discriminatory motive is left to the sole discretion of the trial judge. Harper v. State, 635 So.2d 864, 868 (Miss.1994). We find that the trial judge did not err in allowing the prosecution to use these peremptory challenges.

II. Videotape

¶ 14. Lard contends that the admission into evidence of a videotape depicting an apparent drug transaction was prejudicial.

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Bluebook (online)
749 So. 2d 276, 1999 WL 690169, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/lard-v-state-missctapp-1999.