Lanning v. Kijakazi

• Court: District Court, E.D. Washington
• Decided: June 6, 2023
• Docket: 2:22-cv-00206
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

1 U.S. DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON 2 Jun 06, 2023 3 SEAN F. MCAVOY, CLERK 4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 5 EASTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON 6 7 8 TERRY L.,1 No. 4:22-CV-00206-SAB 9 Plaintiff, 10 v. ORDER REVERSING DECISION OF 11 COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL COMMISSIONER 12 SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, 13 Defendant. 14 15 16 Plaintiff brings this action seeking judicial review of the Commissioner of 17 Social Security’s final decision denying his application for social security benefits. 18 Plaintiff is represented by Chad L. Hatfield. The Commissioner is represented by 19 Thomas Chandler and Brian M. Donovan. Pending before the Court are Plaintiff’s 20 Opening Brief, ECF No. 11, the Commissioner’s Brief, ECF No. 14, and Plaintiff’s 21 Reply Brief, ECF No. 15. 22 After reviewing the administrative record, briefs filed by the parties, and 23 applicable case law, the Court is fully informed. For the reasons set forth below, 24 the Court reverses the Commissioner’s decision. 25

26 1 Pursuant to the recommendation of the Committee on Court Administration 27 and Case Management of the Judicial Conference of the United States, Plaintiff’s 28 name is partially redacted. 1 I. Jurisdiction 2 On November 3, 2014, Plaintiff filed an application for Title II disability 3 insurance benefits and a Title XVI application for supplemental security income 4 with the onset date of June 1, 2014. Plaintiff’s application was denied initially and 5 on reconsideration in 2015. He appealed that decision to the Eastern District of 6 Washington. The Court denied Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment and 7 granted Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment. The Ninth Circuit reversed 8 and remanded the case. It held the ALJ prejudicially erred by assigning little 9 weight to the opinions of Dr. Woolever and Dr. Henderson and by failing to 10 consider the opinion of Dr. Palasi. Terry L. v. Saul, 4:18-CV-05134-SAB, ECF No. 11 25. It remanded the proceedings with instructions that the ALJ should reconsider 12 the opinion of Dr. Palasi, reevaluate whether Dr. Woolever’s and Dr. Henderson’s 13 opinion should be assigned greater weight, and reconsider whether Plaintiff’s 14 testimony and his wife’s function reports should be credited in light of the re- 15 examination of the medical opinion evidence. 16 On May 19, 2022, a telephonic hearing was held. Plaintiff appeared and 17 testified before an ALJ, with the assistance of his counsel. Tom Olson, vocational 18 expert also participated. On July 13, 2022, the ALJ found that Plaintiff was not 19 disabled on July 13, 2022. 20 Plaintiff filed a timely appeal on September 20, 2022. ECF No. 1. The 21 matter is before this Court pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). 22 II. Five-Step Sequential Evaluation Process 23 The Social Security Act defines disability as the “inability to engage in any 24 substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or 25 mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or 26 can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve months.” 42 27 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A), 1382c(a)(3)(A). A claimant shall be determined to be under 28 a disability only if their impairments are of such severity that the claimant is not 1 only unable to do their previous work, but cannot, considering claimant’s age, 2 education, and work experiences, engage in any other substantial gainful work that 3 exists in the national economy. 42 U.S.C. §§ 423(d)(2)(A), 1382c(a)(3)(B). The 4 Commissioner has established a five-step sequential evaluation process to 5 determine whether a person is disabled in the statute. See 20 C.F.R. 6 § 404.1520(a)(4)(i)–(v), 416.920(a)(4)(i)–(v). 7 Step One: Is the claimant engaged in substantial gainful activities? Id. 8 § 404.1520(a)(4)(i), 416.920(a)(4)(i). Substantial gainful activity is work done for 9 pay and requires compensation above the statutory minimum. Keyes v. Sullivan, 10 894 F.2d 1053, 1057 (9th Cir. 1990). If the claimant is engaged in substantial 11 activity, benefits are denied. Id. § 404.1520(b), 416.920(b). If the claimant is not, 12 the ALJ proceeds to step two. 13 Step Two: Does the claimant have a medically-severe impairment or 14 combination of impairments? Id. § 404.1520(a)(4)(ii), 416.920(a)(4)(ii). A severe 15 impairment is one that lasted or must be expected to last for at least 12 months and 16 must be proven through objective medical evidence. Id. §§ 404.1509, 416.909. If 17 the claimant does not have a severe impairment or combination of impairments, the 18 disability claim is denied. Id. §§ 404.1520(a)(4)(ii), 416.920(a)(4)(ii). If the 19 impairment is severe, the evaluation proceeds to the third step. 20 Step Three: Does the claimant’s impairment meet or equal one of the listed 21 impairments acknowledged by the Commissioner to be so severe as to preclude 22 substantial gainful activity? Id. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iii), 416.920(a)(4)(iii). If the 23 impairment meets or equals one of the listed impairments, the claimant is 24 conclusively presumed to be disabled. Id. § 404.1520(d), 416.920(d). If the 25 impairment is not one conclusively presumed to be disabling, the evaluation 26 proceeds to the fourth step. 27 Before proceeding to the fourth step, the ALJ must first determine the 28 claimant’s residual functional capacity (RFC). An individual’s residual functional 1 capacity is their ability to do physical and mental work activities on a sustained 2 basis despite limitations from their impairments. Id. § 404.1545(a)(1), 3 416.945(a)(1). The RFC is relevant to both the fourth and fifth steps of the 4 analysis. 5 Step Four: Does the impairment prevent the claimant from performing work 6 they have performed in the past? Id. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iv), 416.920(a)(4)(iv). If the 7 claimant is able to perform their previous work, they are not disabled. Id. 8 § 404.1520(f), 416.920(f). If the claimant cannot perform this work, the evaluation 9 proceeds to the fifth and final step. 10 Step Five: Is the claimant able to perform other work in the national 11 economy in view of their age, education, and work experience? Id. 12 § 404.1520(a)(4)(v), 416.920(a)(4)(v). The initial burden of proof rests upon the 13 claimant to establish a prima facie case of entitlement to disability benefits. Tackett 14 v. Apfel, 108 F.3d 1094, 1098 (9th Cir. 1999). This burden is met once a claimant 15 establishes that a physical or mental impairment prevents him from engaging in her 16 previous occupation. Id. At step five, the burden shifts to the Commissioner to 17 show that the claimant can perform other substantial gainful activity. Id. 18 III. Standard of Review 19 The Commissioner’s determination will be set aside only when the ALJ’s 20 findings are based on legal error or are not supported by substantial evidence in the 21 record as a whole. Matney v. Sullivan, 981 F.2d 1016, 1018 (9th Cir. 1992) (citing 22 42 U.S.C. § 405(g)). Substantial evidence is “more than a mere scintilla,” 23 Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401 (1971), but “less than a preponderance,” 24 Sorenson v. Weinberger, 514 F.2d 1112, 1119 n.10 (9th Cir. 1975). Substantial 25 evidence is “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate 26 to support a conclusion.” Richardson, 402 U.S. at 401. 27 A decision supported by substantial evidence will be set aside if the proper 28 legal standards were not applied in weighing the evidence and making the decision. 1 Brawner v. Secr’y of Health & Human Servs., 839 F.2d 432, 433 (9th Cir. 1988). 2 An ALJ is allowed “inconsequential” errors as long as they are immaterial to the 3 ultimate nondisability determination. Stout v. Comm’r, Soc. Sec. Admin., 454 F.3d 4 1050, 1055 (9th Cir. 2006). The court must uphold the ALJ’s denial of benefits if 5 the evidence is susceptible to more than one rational interpretation, one of which 6 supports the decision of the administrative law judge. Batson v. Barnhart, 359 F.3d 7 1190, 1193 (9th Cir. 2004). It “must consider the entire record as a whole, 8 weighing both the evidence that supports and the evidence that detracts from the 9 Commissioner’s conclusion, and may not affirm simply by isolating a specific 10 quantum of supporting evidence.” Revels v. Berryhill, 874 F.3d 648, 654 (9th Cir. 11 2017) (quotation omitted). “If the evidence can support either outcome, the court 12 may not substitute its judgment for that of the ALJ.” Matney, 981 F.2d at 1019. 13 IV. Statement of Facts 14 The facts have been presented in the administrative record, the ALJ’s 15 decision, and the briefs to this Court. Only the most relevant facts are summarized 16 here. 17 At the time of the hearing, Plaintiff was fifty-one. He did not graduate from 18 high school. He reports that he has difficulty with reading and doing math. He 19 stopped working in 2014 due to heart problems. Plaintiff had prior work as a truck 20 driver. He underwent a heart cauterization and later had two stents inserted. 21 Plaintiff has a history of Legg-Perthes disease of the right hip, which resulted in 22 numerous surgeries, and hip reconstruction, with progressive pain symptoms and 23 increasing difficulty with ambulation. He had a stroke in 2020 and back surgery in 24 2021. He is on oxygen at night. He experiences arm pain as well as numbness and 25 weakness in his arms and hands. 26 At the hearing, Plaintiff testified that for a while he was living in his 27 motorhome and was living in a campground for free. He had to move his 28 motorhome every two weeks to be able to stay for free. He completed minor 1 repairs on his motorhome. He has to recline with his feet elevated for several hours 2 during the day due to the pain. 3 V. The ALJ’s Findings 4 The ALJ issued an opinion affirming denial of benefits. AR 1106-1122. At 5 step one, the ALJ found that Plaintiff met the insured status requirements of the 6 SSA through March 31, 2019 and had not engaged in substantial gainful activity 7 since June 1, 2014, the alleged onset date. AR 1109. 8 At step two, the ALJ identified the following severe impairments: sleep 9 apnea; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); substance abuse; 10 degenerative disc disease of the lumbar and cervical spine; mild right hip 11 dysplasia, status-post replacement; coronary artery disease; diabetes; ischemic 12 stroke; L1 burst fracture, status-post surgery. 13 At step three, the ALJ found that Plaintiff did not have an impairment or 14 combination of impairments that meets or medically equals the severity of one of 15 the listed impairments. AR 1111. 16 At step four, the ALJ concluded that Plaintiff has an RFC to perform:

17 to perform light work as defined in 20 CFR 404.1567(b) and 18 416.967(b) except he can lift/carry 20 pounds occasionally and 10 pounds frequently; stand/walk six hours in an eight-hour workday; sit 19 six hours in an eight-hour workday; needs a sit/stand option defined as 20 alternating from sitting to standing or vice versa approximately every 30 minutes or so for five minutes at a time while remaining at the 21 workstation (this is an approximation, sit/stand at will is acceptable); 22 no ladders, ropes or scaffolds; rare (defined as no more than 15% of the workday) ramps and stairs, stooping, crouching, kneeling and 23 crawling; frequent overhead reaching; frequent handling and fingering 24 bilaterally; avoid all exposure to extreme cold, extreme heat, wetness/humidity, pulmonary irritants, and hazards such as moving or 25 dangerous machinery or unprotected heights; no more than occasional 26 exposure to chemicals; due to limited education, needs simple, routine, repetitive work with reasoning level or 1 or 2. 27 AR 1113. 28 1 At step five, the ALJ found that Plaintiff was not capable of performing past 2 relevant work. AR 1120. 3 The ALJ found there were other jobs that existed in significant numbers in 4 the national economy that Plaintiff could also perform in the national economy, 5 specifically routing clerk; marking clerk; and office helper. AR 1121. The ALJ 6 also found that even if Plaintiff was limited to sedentary work, he could still 7 perform the jobs of addresser, final assembler, and stuff. AR 1121. Consequently, 8 the ALJ found that Plaintiff was not disabled. AR 1122. 9 VI. Issues 10 1. Whether the ALJ properly evaluated the medical opinion evidence. 11 2. Whether the ALJ properly evaluated Plaintiff’s subjective 12 complaints. 13 3. Whether the ALJ met its Step Five burden. 14 VII. Discussion 15 A. Evaluation of the Medical Opinions 16 Plaintiff argues the ALJ improperly evaluated the medical opinion evidence 17 of three providers: (1) Dr. Woolever; (2) Dr. Palasi; and (3) Dr. Henderson. 18 Plaintiff filed his application for social security benefits prior to March 27. 19 2017. Therefore, under the rules implemented during that time, the Social Security 20 Administration favored the opinion of a treating physician over non-treating 21 physicians. Orn v. Astrue, 495 F.3d 625, 631 (9th Cir. 2007) (citation omitted). If a 22 treating physician’s opinion is well-supported by medically acceptable clinical and 23 laboratory diagnostic techniques and is not inconsistent with the other substantial 24 evidence in the case record, it will be given controlling weight. Id. (quotation 25 omitted). If a treating physician’s opinion is not given “controlling weight” 26 because it is not “well-supported” or because it is inconsistent with other 27 substantial evidence in the record, the Administration considers specified factors in 28 determining the weight it will be given. Those factors include the length of the 1 treatment relationship, the frequency of examination by the treating physician and 2 the nature and extent of the treatment relationship between the patient and the 3 treating physician. Id. (citation omitted). 4 Generally, the opinions of examining physicians are afforded more weight 5 than those of non-examining physicians, and the opinions of examining non- 6 treating physicians are afforded less weight than those of treating physicians. Id. 7 (citation omitted). Additional factors relevant to evaluating any medical opinion, 8 not limited to the opinion of the treating physician, include the amount of relevant 9 evidence that supports the opinion and the quality of the explanation provided; the 10 consistency of the medical opinion with the record as a whole; the specialty of the 11 physician providing the opinion; and other factors such as the degree of 12 understanding a physician has of the Administration’s disability programs and their 13 evidentiary requirements and the degree of his or her familiarity with other 14 information in the case record. Id. (citation omitted). 15 a. Dr. David Woolever, M.D. 16 Dr. Woolever, Lanning’s primary-care physician, reported that Lanning was 17 severely limited by coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 18 (COPD), and hip pain and was therefore unable to perform even sedentary work 19 for 99 months. 20 The ALJ gave Dr. Woolever’s opinion little weigh for the following reasons: 21 (1) it was a check-box form with no meaningful explanation; (2) Dr. Woolever 22 started treating Plaintiff the same day he completed the assessment; (3) chart notes 23 were based on subjective reports and not objective evidence; (4) the examination 24 was largely unremarkable; (5) his opinion was inconsistent with the assessments of 25 the DDS physicians; and (6) his opinion was inconsistent with the largely benign 26 examination findings in the record. 27 The ALJ erred in evaluating Dr. Woolever’s opinion because the proffered 28 reasons are not supported by substantial evidence in the record. Moreover, Dr. 1 Woolever’s opinion is consistent with the record, which indicates that Plaintiff 2 would be unable to sit and stand in a work environment. 3 b. Dr. Myrna Palasi, M.D. 4 Dr. Palasi completed a DSHS Review of Medical Evidence on May 28, 5 2015. She concluded that Plaintiff was disabled and unable to meet the demands of 6 sedentary employment for a duration of 99 months due to coronary artery disease, 7 COPD, hip pain, and multiple hip surgeries. Two year later, she concluded that he 8 was disabled and unable to meet the demands of sedentary employment due to 9 osteochondrosis of the hip and pelvis, status post arthroplasty, coronary artery 10 disease and COPD. 11 The ALJ assigned little weight to Dr. Palasi’s opinion. This was in error. 12 The ALJ’s evaluation of Dr. Palasi’s opinion is not supported by substantial 13 evidence in the record. The longitudinal record indicates that Plaintiff’s condition 14 progressively became worse and declined from May 2015 to May 2017 as reflected 15 in Dr. Palasi’s opinion. 16 c. Dr. Richard Henderson, M.D. 17 Dr. Henderson, Plaintiff’s treating orthopedic surgeon, reported that Plaintiff 18 was severely limited by his total hip replacement and was unable to perform even 19 sedentary work for three months. 20 The ALJ rejected Dr. Henderson’s report, disagreeing with the Ninth 21 Circuit’s conclusion that Dr. Henderson’s report along with the evidence in the 22 record, suggest a period of greater than 12 months, before and after surgery, in 23 which Plaintiff was disabled. This was in error, as explained by the Ninth Circuit. 24 B. Plaintiff’s Subjective Complaints 25 Plaintiff argues the ALJ erred in discounting Plaintiff’s subjective 26 symptoms. 27 In determining whether a claimant’s testimony regarding subjective pain or 28 symptoms is credible, the ALJ engages in a two-step analysis. Garrison v. Colvin, 1 759 F.3d 995, 1014 (9th Cir. 2014). “First, the ALJ must determine whether the 2 claimant has presented objective medical evidence of an underlying impairment 3 which could reasonably be expected to produce the pain or other symptoms 4 alleged.” Id. (citation and quotation omitted). If the claimant satisfies the first step 5 of the analysis, and there is no evidence of malingering, the ALJ can reject the 6 claimant’s testimony about the severity of their symptoms “only by offering 7 specific, clear and convincing reasons for doing so.” Id. (citation and quotation 8 omitted). “This is not an easy requirement to meet: The clear and convincing 9 standard is the most demanding required in Social Security cases.” Id. (citation and 10 quotation omitted). That said, if the ALJ’s credibility finding is supported by 11 substantial evidence in the record, the Court may not engage in second-guessing. 12 Thomas v. Barnhart, 278 F.3d 947, 959 (9th Cir. 2002). 13 The ALJ failed to provide clear and convincing reasons for rejecting 14 Plaintiff’s testimony. Instead, the ALJ merely provided vague assertions that 15 Plaintiff’s allegations were inconsistent with the record. Moreover, contrary to the 16 ALJ’s conclusions, the activities performed by Plaintiff and described to his 17 doctors, on disability forms, and at the hearing, were consistent with his claimed 18 conditions and the objective medical evidence. There is no evidence in the record 19 to suggest any inconsistencies between Plaintiff’s modest daily activities and his 20 symptom testimony. He testified that he experiences shortness of breath, difficulty 21 ambulating, the need for a cane, the need to frequently elevate his legs and 22 frequent episodes of syncope while performing his daily activities, which impedes 23 his ability to perform full-time work. 24 The ALJ failed to articulate clear and convincing reasons for discounting 25 Plaintiff’s symptoms and credibility, and, thus, the ALJ’s conclusions are 26 unsupported by substantial evidence, based on the record as a whole. 27 C. Step Five Burden 28 Plaintiff contends the ALJ failed to meet their step five burden, which 1 requires that the ALJ demonstrate Plaintiff can perform work that exists in 2 significant numbers in the national economy. 3 The ALJ failed to demonstrate Plaintiff can perform work that exists in 4 significant numbers in the national economy. The ALJ’s RFC is not supported by 5 substantial evidence, because it fails to take into consideration the medical opinion 6 evidence and Plaintiff’s testimony. Specifically, the ALJ erred by not considering 7 that Plaintiff must recline occasionally during the workday, limited to occasional 8 handling and fingering with the right dominant arm, or leaving early from work or 9 arriving late to work more than three times. When presented with a conservative 10 hypothetical of these symptoms, the VE testified that there is no opportunity in 11 competitive employment for a worker with these limitations. For these reasons, the 12 ALJ did not meet its step five burden. 13 VIII. Conclusion 14 The ALJ erred in failing to properly weigh and consider the medical opinion 15 evidence and Plaintiff’s testimony. The ALJ’s RFC assessment does not account 16 for the full extent of Plaintiff’s functional limitation and cannot support the ALJ’s 17 disability determination. If the ALJ incorporated these limitations in Plaintiff’s 18 RFC, the ALJ would be required to find Plaintiff on remand. See Harman v. Apfel, 19 211 F.3d 1172, 1178–79 (9th Cir. 2000). Since it is clear from the record Plaintiff 20 is unable to perform gainful employment and no additional proceedings are 21 necessary, remand for an award of benefits is necessary. See Benecke v. Barnhart, 22 379 F.3d 587, 596 (9th Cir. 2004). 23 // 24 // 25 // 26 // 27 // 28 // 1 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED: 1. For docket purposes, Plaintiff's Opening Brief, ECF No. 11, and Reply Brief, ECF No. 15, are GRANTED. 2. For docket purposes, the Commissioner’s Response Brief, ECF No. 14, is DENIED. 3. The decision of the Commissioner is REVERSED and REMANDED for an immediate award of benefits. 8 4. Judgment shall be entered in favor of Plaintiff and against Defendant. 9 IT IS SO ORDERED. The District Court Executive is hereby directed to file this Order, provide copies to counsel, and close the file. 11 DATED this 6th day of June 2023. 12 13 14 15 byt Sect Stanley A. Bastian ig Chief United States District Judge 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 ORDER REVERSING DECISION OF COMMISSIONER ~12