1 HONORABLE RICHARD A. JONES
7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON 8 AT SEATTLE
9 GENEVA LANGWORTHY, 10 Plaintiff, Case No. 21-cv-01615-RAJ 11 v. ORDER 12 SUPERIOR COURT OF WHATCOM 13 COUNTY, et al., 14 Defendants. 15 16 I. INTRODUCTION 17 This matter comes before the Court on sua sponte review of the complaint. The 18 Court will also address several motions made by both parties. Plaintiff moves for 19 appointment of counsel, for relief from providing chamber’s copies, and for an extension 20 of time to respond to Defendants’ motions to dismiss. Dkt. 22; Dkt. 24; Dkt. 29; Dkt. 39; 21 Dkt. 51. Defendants each move to dismiss the action. Dkt. 34; Dkt. 43; Dkt. 49. 22 For the reasons below, the Court DISMISSES the complaint with prejudice under 23 28 U.S.C. § 1915. As a result, the Court DENIES Defendants’ motions to dismiss and 24 Plaintiff’s motions for relief as moot. The Court also DENIES Plaintiff’s motions for 25 counsel. 26
27 1 II. BACKGROUND 2 Plaintiff Geneva Langworthy, who is proceeding in forma pauperis, has sued 3 various Washington courts based on their alleged failures to provide her reasonable 4 accommodations for mental and physical disabilities. She claims that the Whatcom County 5 Superior Court, the Whatcom County District Court, the Washington Court of Appeals 6 (collectively, the “Washington state courts”), and a senior prosecuting attorney, are liable 7 under the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”), 42 U.S.C. §§ 12131–12165. Dkt. 1- 8 1. 9 The underlying allegations in this dispute largely mimic those in Langworthy v. 10 Whatcom County Superior Court, 20-CV-01637 (W.D. Wash. 2021). They stem from 11 Langworthy’s dispute with the Alternative Humane Society of Bellingham (AHS) over 12 ownership of a dog.1 She claims to have asked AHS to temporarily foster a dog and alleges 13 that issues arose when AHS refused to give her the dog back. Dkt. 1-3 at 3. Langworthy 14 then filed multiple suits in Whatcom County Superior Court regarding ownership. Id. The 15 individuals associated with AHS responded by filing anti-harassment actions against 16 Langworthy in Whatcom County District Court. Id. 17 The Washington courts issued several anti-harassment orders against Langworthy 18 related to the AHS matter. Id. She alleges that these anti-harassment orders were issued 19 without due process. Id. As part of seeking relief, Langworthy requested reasonable 20 disability accommodations, including the appointment of counsel under Washington State 21 General Rule (GR) 33. Id. at 8. She claims that the Washington state courts wrongly denied 22 her accommodation requests. Dkt. 1-1. Separately, Langworthy also accuses the Whatcom 23 County prosecuting attorney of “collaborating with the Opposition attorney” while 24 advising the courts to deny her disability accommodation. Id. 25 1 Langworthy attaches a document entitled “Statement of the Case,” which the Court considers 26 as part of her complaint. Dkt. # 1-3. See United States v. Ritchie, 342 F.3d 903, 908 (9th Cir. 27 2003) (explaining that under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 10(c), “written instruments attached to pleadings may be considered part of the pleading”). 1 III. DISCUSSION 2 Because Langworthy is proceeding in forma pauperis, her complaint is subject to 3 sua sponte review. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B). The complaint must be dismissed if it 4 “fails to state a claim on which relief may be granted,” or “seeks monetary relief against a 5 defendant who is immune from such relief.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii)–(iii). A 6 complaint fails to state a claim if it “does not make out a cognizable legal theory or does 7 not allege sufficient facts to support a cognizable legal theory.” Cervantes v. Countrywide 8 Home Loans, Inc., 656 F.3d 1034, 1041 (9th Cir. 2011). The court is not required to accept 9 as true allegations that are merely conclusory, unwarranted deductions of fact, or 10 unreasonable inferences. See Daniels-Hall v. Nat’l Educ. Ass’n, 629 F.3d 992, 998 (9th 11 Cir. 2010); Clegg v. Cult Awareness Network, 18 F.3d 752, 754–55 (9th Cir. 1994). Even 12 as to pro se complaints, “unadorned, the-defendant-unlawfully-harmed-me accusation” 13 will not suffice. Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009). 14 The Court has screened Langworthy’s complaint under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B) 15 and concludes that it must be dismissed for the reasons below. 16 A. Claims against the Washington courts 17 The Rooker–Feldman doctrine bars Langworthy’s claims against the Washington 18 courts. It prevents litigants from bringing claims against state courts for denials of 19 reasonable accommodations when the denial is made by court order. Exxon Mobil Corp. v. 20 Saudi Basic Indus. Corp., 544 U.S. 280, 291–92 (2005); Rooker v. Fid. Tr. Co., 263 U.S. 21 413, 416 (1923); D.C. Ct. of App. v. Feldman, 460 U.S. 462, 486 (1983); 28 U.S.C. § 1257. 22 “[N]o matter how wrong a state court judgment may be under federal law, only the 23 Supreme Court of the United States has jurisdiction to review it.” Sykes v. Cook Cnty. Cir. 24 Ct. Prob. Div., 837 F.3d 736, 742 (7th Cir. 2016). District courts within the Ninth Circuit 25 have specifically stated that they will “not weigh in on whether GR 33 was properly 26 applied” in denial of counsel cases. Iceberg v. King Cnty. Super. Ct., 2021 WL 391615, 27 slip op. at 4 (W.D. Wash. Feb. 4, 2021) (dismissing an ADA claim based on a state judge’s 1 denial of plaintiff’s request for the appointment of counsel as an accommodation under GR 2 33); Langworthy v. Whatcom County Superior Court, 2021 WL 1788391 (W.D. Wash. 3 May 5, 2021) (same); Winchester v. Yakima Cnty. Super. Ct., 2011 WL 133017, slip op. at 4 1 (E.D. Wash. Jan. 14, 2011) (same). 5 Based on this precedent, Langworthy’s claims against the Washington courts are 6 barred by Rooker–Feldman. This Court does not have jurisdiction to review the state 7 courts’ decisions about what accommodations the ADA requires and therefore 8 DISMISSES Langworthy’s claims against the Washington courts without leave to amend. 9 B. Claims against prosecuting attorney 10 Any claims against the Whatcom County prosecuting attorney must also be 11 dismissed. Rule 8 requires plaintiffs to include enough facts “to raise a right to relief above 12 a speculative level.” Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007).
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1 HONORABLE RICHARD A. JONES
7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON 8 AT SEATTLE
9 GENEVA LANGWORTHY, 10 Plaintiff, Case No. 21-cv-01615-RAJ 11 v. ORDER 12 SUPERIOR COURT OF WHATCOM 13 COUNTY, et al., 14 Defendants. 15 16 I. INTRODUCTION 17 This matter comes before the Court on sua sponte review of the complaint. The 18 Court will also address several motions made by both parties. Plaintiff moves for 19 appointment of counsel, for relief from providing chamber’s copies, and for an extension 20 of time to respond to Defendants’ motions to dismiss. Dkt. 22; Dkt. 24; Dkt. 29; Dkt. 39; 21 Dkt. 51. Defendants each move to dismiss the action. Dkt. 34; Dkt. 43; Dkt. 49. 22 For the reasons below, the Court DISMISSES the complaint with prejudice under 23 28 U.S.C. § 1915. As a result, the Court DENIES Defendants’ motions to dismiss and 24 Plaintiff’s motions for relief as moot. The Court also DENIES Plaintiff’s motions for 25 counsel. 26
27 1 II. BACKGROUND 2 Plaintiff Geneva Langworthy, who is proceeding in forma pauperis, has sued 3 various Washington courts based on their alleged failures to provide her reasonable 4 accommodations for mental and physical disabilities. She claims that the Whatcom County 5 Superior Court, the Whatcom County District Court, the Washington Court of Appeals 6 (collectively, the “Washington state courts”), and a senior prosecuting attorney, are liable 7 under the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”), 42 U.S.C. §§ 12131–12165. Dkt. 1- 8 1. 9 The underlying allegations in this dispute largely mimic those in Langworthy v. 10 Whatcom County Superior Court, 20-CV-01637 (W.D. Wash. 2021). They stem from 11 Langworthy’s dispute with the Alternative Humane Society of Bellingham (AHS) over 12 ownership of a dog.1 She claims to have asked AHS to temporarily foster a dog and alleges 13 that issues arose when AHS refused to give her the dog back. Dkt. 1-3 at 3. Langworthy 14 then filed multiple suits in Whatcom County Superior Court regarding ownership. Id. The 15 individuals associated with AHS responded by filing anti-harassment actions against 16 Langworthy in Whatcom County District Court. Id. 17 The Washington courts issued several anti-harassment orders against Langworthy 18 related to the AHS matter. Id. She alleges that these anti-harassment orders were issued 19 without due process. Id. As part of seeking relief, Langworthy requested reasonable 20 disability accommodations, including the appointment of counsel under Washington State 21 General Rule (GR) 33. Id. at 8. She claims that the Washington state courts wrongly denied 22 her accommodation requests. Dkt. 1-1. Separately, Langworthy also accuses the Whatcom 23 County prosecuting attorney of “collaborating with the Opposition attorney” while 24 advising the courts to deny her disability accommodation. Id. 25 1 Langworthy attaches a document entitled “Statement of the Case,” which the Court considers 26 as part of her complaint. Dkt. # 1-3. See United States v. Ritchie, 342 F.3d 903, 908 (9th Cir. 27 2003) (explaining that under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 10(c), “written instruments attached to pleadings may be considered part of the pleading”). 1 III. DISCUSSION 2 Because Langworthy is proceeding in forma pauperis, her complaint is subject to 3 sua sponte review. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B). The complaint must be dismissed if it 4 “fails to state a claim on which relief may be granted,” or “seeks monetary relief against a 5 defendant who is immune from such relief.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii)–(iii). A 6 complaint fails to state a claim if it “does not make out a cognizable legal theory or does 7 not allege sufficient facts to support a cognizable legal theory.” Cervantes v. Countrywide 8 Home Loans, Inc., 656 F.3d 1034, 1041 (9th Cir. 2011). The court is not required to accept 9 as true allegations that are merely conclusory, unwarranted deductions of fact, or 10 unreasonable inferences. See Daniels-Hall v. Nat’l Educ. Ass’n, 629 F.3d 992, 998 (9th 11 Cir. 2010); Clegg v. Cult Awareness Network, 18 F.3d 752, 754–55 (9th Cir. 1994). Even 12 as to pro se complaints, “unadorned, the-defendant-unlawfully-harmed-me accusation” 13 will not suffice. Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009). 14 The Court has screened Langworthy’s complaint under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B) 15 and concludes that it must be dismissed for the reasons below. 16 A. Claims against the Washington courts 17 The Rooker–Feldman doctrine bars Langworthy’s claims against the Washington 18 courts. It prevents litigants from bringing claims against state courts for denials of 19 reasonable accommodations when the denial is made by court order. Exxon Mobil Corp. v. 20 Saudi Basic Indus. Corp., 544 U.S. 280, 291–92 (2005); Rooker v. Fid. Tr. Co., 263 U.S. 21 413, 416 (1923); D.C. Ct. of App. v. Feldman, 460 U.S. 462, 486 (1983); 28 U.S.C. § 1257. 22 “[N]o matter how wrong a state court judgment may be under federal law, only the 23 Supreme Court of the United States has jurisdiction to review it.” Sykes v. Cook Cnty. Cir. 24 Ct. Prob. Div., 837 F.3d 736, 742 (7th Cir. 2016). District courts within the Ninth Circuit 25 have specifically stated that they will “not weigh in on whether GR 33 was properly 26 applied” in denial of counsel cases. Iceberg v. King Cnty. Super. Ct., 2021 WL 391615, 27 slip op. at 4 (W.D. Wash. Feb. 4, 2021) (dismissing an ADA claim based on a state judge’s 1 denial of plaintiff’s request for the appointment of counsel as an accommodation under GR 2 33); Langworthy v. Whatcom County Superior Court, 2021 WL 1788391 (W.D. Wash. 3 May 5, 2021) (same); Winchester v. Yakima Cnty. Super. Ct., 2011 WL 133017, slip op. at 4 1 (E.D. Wash. Jan. 14, 2011) (same). 5 Based on this precedent, Langworthy’s claims against the Washington courts are 6 barred by Rooker–Feldman. This Court does not have jurisdiction to review the state 7 courts’ decisions about what accommodations the ADA requires and therefore 8 DISMISSES Langworthy’s claims against the Washington courts without leave to amend. 9 B. Claims against prosecuting attorney 10 Any claims against the Whatcom County prosecuting attorney must also be 11 dismissed. Rule 8 requires plaintiffs to include enough facts “to raise a right to relief above 12 a speculative level.” Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007). Langworthy’s 13 complaint only alleges that the prosecuting attorney “retaliated and interfered with [her] 14 civil rights by collaborating with a private attorney opposing the [Langworthy], while ex 15 parte advising the court to deny disability accommodation.” Dkt. 1-1 at 3. Even taking 16 Plaintiff’s pro se status into account, the allegations against the Whatcom County 17 prosecuting attorney fall well short of stating a claim for relief. 18 The Court also notes that a prosecutor is entitled to absolute immunity for acts taken 19 “in preparing for the initiation of judicial proceedings or for trial, and which occur in his 20 role as an advocate for the State.” Kalina v. Fletcher, 522 U.S. 118, 126 (1997). This 21 immunity extends to actions during both the pre-trial and posttrial phases of a case. See 22 Demery v. Kupperman, 735 F.2d 1139, 1144 (9th Cir. 1984). All the conduct at issue here 23 falls within a quasi-judicial or judicial capacity. See Dkt. 1-1. Therefore, the Court 24 DISMISSES this claim with prejudice. 25 C. Motions for appointment of counsel 26 Langworthy moves for the appointment of counsel. Generally, a person has no right 27 to counsel in civil actions. See Palmer v. Valdez, 560 F.3d 965, 969 (9th Cir. 2009); 1 Storseth v. Spellman, 654 F.2d 1349, 1353 (9th Cir. 1981). However, a court may under 2 “exceptional circumstances” appoint counsel for indigent civil litigants pursuant to 28 3 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(1). Palmer, 560 F.3d at 969; Agyeman v. Corrs. Corp. of Am., 390 F.3d 4 1101, 1103 (9th Cir. 2004). When determining whether “exceptional circumstances” exist, 5 courts must consider “the likelihood of success on the merits as well as the ability of the 6 petitioner to articulate his claims pro se in light of the complexity of the legal issues 7 involved.” Weygandt v. Look, 718 F.2d 952, 954 (9th Cir. 1983). Neither of these 8 considerations is dispositive and instead must be viewed together. Wilborn v. Escalderon, 9 789 F.2d 1328, 1331 (9th Cir. 1986). 10 Langworthy has not established that “exceptional circumstances” exist. In her 11 motions for appointment of counsel, she argues that the court should appoint counsel 12 because she cannot find other sources of funding for an attorney. Dkt. 22 at 2; Dkt. 29 at 13 2. This is not enough to appoint counsel. Her motion fails to show, in light of the 14 complexity of the legal issues involved, that she is unable to articulate her claims pro se. 15 Additionally, at this phase of the proceeding, the Court concludes that she is unlikely to 16 succeed on the merits of her case. Her motions are DENIED. Dkt. 22; Dkt. 29. 17 IV. CONCLUSION 18 For the reasons stated above, the Court DISMISSES the complaint with prejudice 19 under 28 U.S.C. § 1915. As a result, the Court DENIES Defendants’ motions to dismiss 20 and Plaintiff’s motions as moot. Dkt. 24; Dkt. 32; Dkt. 34; Dkt. 39; Dkt. 43; Dkt. 49; Dkt. 21 51. The Court also DENIES Plaintiff’s motions for counsel. Dkt. 22; Dkt. 29. The clerk 22 is directed to close this case. 23 DATED this 19th day of May, 2022. 24 A 25
26 The Honorable Richard A. Jones 27 United States District Judge