TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-13-00590-CV
Lance Richards, Appellant
v.
US Bank National Association, as Trustee for Credit Suisse First Boston Mortgage Securities Corp., Home Equity Asset Trust 2003-7, Home Equity Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2003-7, Appellee
FROM THE COUNTY COURT AT LAW NO. 4 OF WILLIAMSON COUNTY NO. 13-0421-CC4, HONORABLE JOHN McMASTER, JUDGE PRESIDING
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Lance Richards appeals a trial court judgment in a forcible-detainer suit awarding
possession of residential real property and conditional appellate attorney’s fees to US Bank National
Association, as Trustee for Credit Suisse First Boston Mortgage Securities Corp., Home Equity Asset
Trust 2003-7, Home Equity Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2003-7 (US Bank). In three issues,
Richards contends that a title issue existed because US Bank did not establish a chain of ownership
linking it to Richards’s lender and that the award of attorney’s fees was not supported by pleadings
or proper evidence. We will affirm the trial court’s judgment.
BACKGROUND
Richards purchased the property at issue in 2003 and as part of this transaction
executed a deed of trust granting a security interest in the property to his lender, MILA, Inc. d/b/a Mortgage Investment Lending Associates. The deed of trust provided that if the property sold at a
nonjudicial foreclosure after the “Borrower” (Richards) made an uncured default, Richards would
immediately surrender possession of the property to the purchaser at that sale. The deed of trust
further provided that Richards’s failure to surrender possession of the property would make
him a tenant at sufferance, who could be removed by writ of possession or other court proceeding.
One week after the deed of trust was signed, MILA assigned Richards’s deed of trust and note
to US Bank.
After Richards defaulted on the loan and failed to cure his default, the property
was sold by a substitute trustee at a nonjudicial foreclosure sale to US Bank. US Bank received a
substitute trustee’s deed documenting the conveyance. US Bank’s counsel then sent Richards
notice to vacate the property. After Richards failed to vacate the property, US Bank filed a forcible-
detainer suit against him in justice court. The justice court determined that US Bank was entitled
to possession of the premises. Richards appealed to the county court at law. At the conclusion of
a bench trial, the county court at law signed a judgment granting US Bank possession of the property
and conditional appellate attorney’s fees. Richards subsequently filed a motion for new trial that was
denied by operation of law. This appeal followed.
DISCUSSION
Richards challenges the forcible-detainer judgment by arguing that: (1) a title issue
existed because US Bank did not establish a chain of ownership linking it (as purchaser of the
property named on the substitute trustee’s deed) to MILA (Richards’s lender named on the deed of
trust); (2) in the absence of that link, US Bank was not entitled to possession under the property code
2 and could not have provided Richards with proper presuit notice to vacate; and (3) the attorney’s fees
awarded were not supported by any pleading or proper evidence.
Forcible detainer
Forcible detainer is a procedure to determine the right to immediate possession of
real property when there is no unlawful entry. Williams v. Bank of New York Mellon, 315 S.W.3d
925, 926 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2010, no pet.). It is intended to be a speedy, simple, and inexpensive
procedure for obtaining possession without resorting to a suit on the title. Id. at 926-27 (citing Scott
v. Hewitt, 90 S.W.2d 816, 818-19 (Tex. 1936)); see Tex. R. Civ. P. 510.3(e) (“only issue” before
justice court in eviction cases is “right to actual possession and not title”). A forcible-detainer action
will lie when a person in possession of real property refuses to surrender possession on demand if
the person is a tenant at will or by sufferance, “including an occupant at the time of foreclosure of
a lien superior to the tenant’s lease.” See Tex. Prop. Code § 24.002(a); see also Jaimes v. Federal
Nat’l Mortg. Ass’n, No. 03-13-00290-CV, 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS 14615, at * 5 (Tex. App.—Austin
Dec. 4, 2013, no pet.) (mem. op.). To prevail, the plaintiff in a forcible-detainer suit need only show
sufficient evidence of ownership demonstrating a superior right to immediate possession. Rice
v. Pinney, 51 S.W.3d 705, 709 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2001, no pet.).
To establish forcible detainer, US Bank had to prove that: (1) it was the owner of the
property in question, (2) Richards occupied the property at the time of foreclosure, (3) the
foreclosure was of a lien superior to Richards’s right to possession, (4) US Bank made a
written demand for possession in accordance with section 24.005 of the Property Code, and
(5) Richards refused to vacate. See Tex. Prop. Code §§ 24.002, .005; Jaimes, 2013 Tex. App.
3 LEXIS 14615, at *4-5 (citing Murphy v. Countrywide Home Loans, Inc., 199 S.W.3d 441, 445
(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2006, pet. denied)).
US Bank’s evidence at trial included copies of Richards’s deed of trust granting a
security interest in the property to MILA, the assignment from MILA to US Bank of Richards’s
deed of trust and note, the substitute trustee’s deed conveying the property to US Bank after it
purchased the property at the foreclosure sale,1 and copies of the notice to vacate that US Bank’s
counsel sent to Richards by certified and regular mail. The substitute trustee’s deed showed that
US Bank purchased the property under the terms of the deed of trust after Richards’s uncured
default. The deed of trust showed that Richards became a tenant at sufferance by refusing to
surrender possession of the property after it was sold at a nonjudicial foreclosure sale. Further, the
copies of the notice mailed by US Bank to Richards advised him that his tenancy was being
terminated and that he was required to vacate the property. Richards did not present any evidence
controverting US Bank’s evidence at trial, and US Bank’s evidence was sufficient to establish
its right to immediate possession of the property. See Schlichting v. Lehman Bros. Bank FSB,
346 S.W.3d 196, 198 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, pet. dism’d) (considering similar evidence); Shutter
v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., 318 S.W.3d 467, 471 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2010, pet. dism’d w.o.j.)
(op. on reh’g) (same) ; Williams, 315 S.W.3d at 927 (same); see also Jaimes, 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS
14615, at *5-6 (same); Hornsby v. Secretary of Veterans Affairs, No. 05-11-01075-CV, 2012 Tex.
App. LEXIS 6880, at *7 (Tex. App.—Dallas Aug. 16, 2012, no pet.) (mem. op.) (same).
1 Richards’s counsel acknowledged at trial that these three documents “all appear to be authentic copies of publicly recorded documents.”
4 “Title issue” and notice to vacate
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TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-13-00590-CV
Lance Richards, Appellant
v.
US Bank National Association, as Trustee for Credit Suisse First Boston Mortgage Securities Corp., Home Equity Asset Trust 2003-7, Home Equity Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2003-7, Appellee
FROM THE COUNTY COURT AT LAW NO. 4 OF WILLIAMSON COUNTY NO. 13-0421-CC4, HONORABLE JOHN McMASTER, JUDGE PRESIDING
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Lance Richards appeals a trial court judgment in a forcible-detainer suit awarding
possession of residential real property and conditional appellate attorney’s fees to US Bank National
Association, as Trustee for Credit Suisse First Boston Mortgage Securities Corp., Home Equity Asset
Trust 2003-7, Home Equity Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2003-7 (US Bank). In three issues,
Richards contends that a title issue existed because US Bank did not establish a chain of ownership
linking it to Richards’s lender and that the award of attorney’s fees was not supported by pleadings
or proper evidence. We will affirm the trial court’s judgment.
BACKGROUND
Richards purchased the property at issue in 2003 and as part of this transaction
executed a deed of trust granting a security interest in the property to his lender, MILA, Inc. d/b/a Mortgage Investment Lending Associates. The deed of trust provided that if the property sold at a
nonjudicial foreclosure after the “Borrower” (Richards) made an uncured default, Richards would
immediately surrender possession of the property to the purchaser at that sale. The deed of trust
further provided that Richards’s failure to surrender possession of the property would make
him a tenant at sufferance, who could be removed by writ of possession or other court proceeding.
One week after the deed of trust was signed, MILA assigned Richards’s deed of trust and note
to US Bank.
After Richards defaulted on the loan and failed to cure his default, the property
was sold by a substitute trustee at a nonjudicial foreclosure sale to US Bank. US Bank received a
substitute trustee’s deed documenting the conveyance. US Bank’s counsel then sent Richards
notice to vacate the property. After Richards failed to vacate the property, US Bank filed a forcible-
detainer suit against him in justice court. The justice court determined that US Bank was entitled
to possession of the premises. Richards appealed to the county court at law. At the conclusion of
a bench trial, the county court at law signed a judgment granting US Bank possession of the property
and conditional appellate attorney’s fees. Richards subsequently filed a motion for new trial that was
denied by operation of law. This appeal followed.
DISCUSSION
Richards challenges the forcible-detainer judgment by arguing that: (1) a title issue
existed because US Bank did not establish a chain of ownership linking it (as purchaser of the
property named on the substitute trustee’s deed) to MILA (Richards’s lender named on the deed of
trust); (2) in the absence of that link, US Bank was not entitled to possession under the property code
2 and could not have provided Richards with proper presuit notice to vacate; and (3) the attorney’s fees
awarded were not supported by any pleading or proper evidence.
Forcible detainer
Forcible detainer is a procedure to determine the right to immediate possession of
real property when there is no unlawful entry. Williams v. Bank of New York Mellon, 315 S.W.3d
925, 926 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2010, no pet.). It is intended to be a speedy, simple, and inexpensive
procedure for obtaining possession without resorting to a suit on the title. Id. at 926-27 (citing Scott
v. Hewitt, 90 S.W.2d 816, 818-19 (Tex. 1936)); see Tex. R. Civ. P. 510.3(e) (“only issue” before
justice court in eviction cases is “right to actual possession and not title”). A forcible-detainer action
will lie when a person in possession of real property refuses to surrender possession on demand if
the person is a tenant at will or by sufferance, “including an occupant at the time of foreclosure of
a lien superior to the tenant’s lease.” See Tex. Prop. Code § 24.002(a); see also Jaimes v. Federal
Nat’l Mortg. Ass’n, No. 03-13-00290-CV, 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS 14615, at * 5 (Tex. App.—Austin
Dec. 4, 2013, no pet.) (mem. op.). To prevail, the plaintiff in a forcible-detainer suit need only show
sufficient evidence of ownership demonstrating a superior right to immediate possession. Rice
v. Pinney, 51 S.W.3d 705, 709 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2001, no pet.).
To establish forcible detainer, US Bank had to prove that: (1) it was the owner of the
property in question, (2) Richards occupied the property at the time of foreclosure, (3) the
foreclosure was of a lien superior to Richards’s right to possession, (4) US Bank made a
written demand for possession in accordance with section 24.005 of the Property Code, and
(5) Richards refused to vacate. See Tex. Prop. Code §§ 24.002, .005; Jaimes, 2013 Tex. App.
3 LEXIS 14615, at *4-5 (citing Murphy v. Countrywide Home Loans, Inc., 199 S.W.3d 441, 445
(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2006, pet. denied)).
US Bank’s evidence at trial included copies of Richards’s deed of trust granting a
security interest in the property to MILA, the assignment from MILA to US Bank of Richards’s
deed of trust and note, the substitute trustee’s deed conveying the property to US Bank after it
purchased the property at the foreclosure sale,1 and copies of the notice to vacate that US Bank’s
counsel sent to Richards by certified and regular mail. The substitute trustee’s deed showed that
US Bank purchased the property under the terms of the deed of trust after Richards’s uncured
default. The deed of trust showed that Richards became a tenant at sufferance by refusing to
surrender possession of the property after it was sold at a nonjudicial foreclosure sale. Further, the
copies of the notice mailed by US Bank to Richards advised him that his tenancy was being
terminated and that he was required to vacate the property. Richards did not present any evidence
controverting US Bank’s evidence at trial, and US Bank’s evidence was sufficient to establish
its right to immediate possession of the property. See Schlichting v. Lehman Bros. Bank FSB,
346 S.W.3d 196, 198 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, pet. dism’d) (considering similar evidence); Shutter
v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., 318 S.W.3d 467, 471 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2010, pet. dism’d w.o.j.)
(op. on reh’g) (same) ; Williams, 315 S.W.3d at 927 (same); see also Jaimes, 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS
14615, at *5-6 (same); Hornsby v. Secretary of Veterans Affairs, No. 05-11-01075-CV, 2012 Tex.
App. LEXIS 6880, at *7 (Tex. App.—Dallas Aug. 16, 2012, no pet.) (mem. op.) (same).
1 Richards’s counsel acknowledged at trial that these three documents “all appear to be authentic copies of publicly recorded documents.”
4 “Title issue” and notice to vacate
Richards contends that granting the forcible-detainer judgment was improper because
of the existence of a title issue that had to be resolved before the issue of possession. In his view,
a title issue existed because US Bank failed to establish a chain of ownership linking it (as purchaser
of the property at foreclosure named on the substitute trustee’s deed) to MILA (Richards’s lender
named on the deed of trust) and thus, failed to show its entitlement to possession of the property.
Further, US Bank could not have provided Richards with proper presuit notice to vacate because
only one entitled to such possession could have provided that notice.
But where, as here, a foreclosure under a deed of trust establishes a landlord and
tenant-at-sufferance relationship between the parties, there is an independent basis to determine
the issue of immediate possession without resolving the issue of title to the property. Schlichting,
346 S.W.3d at 199-200. Because Richards’s deed of trust permitted nonjudicial foreclosure and
because the foreclosure under the deed of trust created a landlord and tenant-at-sufferance
relationship between Richards and US Bank, it was not necessary to resolve a title dispute to
determine the right of immediate possession. See id.; see also Jaimes, 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS
14615, at *13; Hornsby, 2012 Tex. App. LEXIS 6880, at *7 (“Although [appellant] challenges the
chain of title to the property, ‘the merits of the title shall not be adjudicated’ in a forcible detainer
action.” (quoting former Tex. R. Civ. P. 746)); Stephens v. Federal Home Loan Mortg. Corp.,
No. 02-10-00251-CV, 2011 Tex. App. LEXIS 3056, at *5 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Apr. 21, 2011,
no pet.) (mem. op.) (holding Federal Home was not required to “connect the dots” between
original lender and mortgage servicer regarding title); Deubler v. Bank of New York Mellon,
5 No. 02-10-00125-CV, 2011 Tex. App. LEXIS 2644, at *3-4 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Apr. 7, 2011,
no pet.) (mem. op.) (holding party was not required to present evidence establishing linkage between
deed of trust and substitute trustee’s deed to establish superior right to possession); Kaldis v. Aurora
Loan Servs., No. 01-09-00270-CV, 2010 Tex. App. LEXIS 4831, at *7 (Tex. App.—Houston
[1st Dist.] June 24, 2010, pet. dism’d w.o.j.) (mem. op.) (noting that purchaser to whom property
was conveyed by substitute trustee’s deed was not required to prove merits of its title to prove
superior right to possession in its forcible-detainer action). Accordingly, we overrule Richards’s
first and second issues.
Appellate attorney’s fees
In his third issue, Richards contends that the conditional award of appellate attorney’s
fees to US Bank was not supported by its pleadings or evidence. US Bank responds that the issue
was tried by consent. Unpleaded claims or defenses that are tried by express or implied consent
of the parties are treated as if they had been raised by the pleadings. Tex. R. Civ. P. 67; Roark
v. Stallworth Oil & Gas, Inc., 813 S.W.2d 492, 495 (Tex. 1991); see Heard v. Chowwang,
No. 14-09-00100-CV, 2010 Tex. App. LEXIS 3970, at *9-10 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.]
May 27, 2010, pet. dism’d w.o.j.) (mem. op.) (concluding that issue of attorney’s fees in forcible-
detainer action was tried by consent). The party who allows an issue to be tried by consent and who
fails to raise the lack of a pleading before submission of the case cannot later raise the pleading
deficiency for the first time on appeal. Roark, 813 S.W.2d at 495. To determine whether an issue
was tried by consent, we examine the record not for evidence of the issue, but rather for
evidence of trial of the issue. Hartford Fire Ins. Co. v. C. Springs 300, Ltd., 287 S.W.3d 771, 780
6 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2009, pet. denied). An unpleaded issue may be deemed tried by
consent when evidence on the issue is developed under circumstances indicating that both
parties understood the issue was in the case, and the other party failed to make an appropriate
complaint. Id.
Here, the record reflects that during trial counsel for US Bank requested attorney’s
fees “in the event this matter goes up on appeal.” Counsel for US Bank supported this request with
his testimony, to which there was no objection2 or cross-examination:
[US Bank’s counsel]: It is my opinion that in the event that a judgment is granted in favor of my client and Mr. Richards unsuccessfully appeals this to the Court of Appeals, the amount of $2,000 would be reasonable fees for the initial briefing. . . . An additional $2,500 to handle the petition for review. And if the petition is granted, an additional $2,500 for that portion of the work. That concludes my testimony.
THE COURT: All right. Counsel?
[Richards’s counsel]: I missed your testimony as to the underlying case amount.
[US Bank’s counsel]: We have not requested any attorney’s fees for the underlying case.
[Richards’s counsel]: Okay. I don’t have any questions then.
This plain request in open court indicates that both parties understood the issue of conditional
appellate attorney’s fees was in the case. Richards failed to make any complaint about the testimony
from US Bank’s counsel on his fees, which were sought specifically for appellate purposes—briefing
2 After the court stated that it would grant the writ of possession to US Bank, Richards’s counsel stated, “[W]e would ask [the court] not to grant any prospective fees in this judgment.” This statement expressed opposition to such fees but was not an objection because it did not state why the fees should not be awarded.
7 in the Court of Appeals, work on a petition for review, and work on a granted petition. As such, we
conclude the issue of such fees was tried by consent. We overrule Richards’s third issue.
CONCLUSION
We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
Jeff Rose, Chief Justice
Before Chief Justice Rose, Justices Pemberton and Field
Affirmed
Filed: February 11, 2015