Lamone Lacy v. Martin O'Malley

• Court: District Court, C.D. California
• Decided: September 22, 2025
• Docket: 2:24-cv-04126
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

8 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

11 LAMONE L., an Individual,1 Case No. 2:24-04126 ADS

12 Plaintiff,

13 v. MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

14 FRANK BISIGNANO, Commissioner of Social Security,2 15 Defendant. 16 17 I. INTRODUCTION 18 Plaintiff Lamone L. challenges the denial of his application for disability 19 insurance benefits (“DIB”) under Title II of the Social Security Act by Defendant Frank 20

21 1 Plaintiff’s name has been partially redacted in compliance with Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 5.2(c)(2)(B) and the recommendation of the Committee on Court 22 Administration and Case Management of the Judicial Conference of the United States. 2 Frank Bisignano became Commissioner of Social Security on May 6, 2025. Under 23 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 25(d), Frank Bisignano is automatically substituted for Martin J. O’Malley as Defendant in this suit. 24 1 Bisignano, Commissioner of Social Security (hereinafter “Commissioner” or 2 “Defendant”). Plaintiff contends that the Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) failed to 3 properly consider the mental assessment of treating psychiatrist Allen Chen, M.D. (Dkt. 4 No. 15.) For the reasons stated below, the decision of the Commissioner is affirmed, and 5 this matter is dismissed with prejudice.

6 II. PROCEEDINGS BELOW 7 Plaintiff filed a claim for DIB due to migraines, arthritis, social anxiety, panic 8 disorder, depression, memory loss, bipolar disorder, hypertension, shortness of breath, 9 insomnia, paranoia, and the removal of his appendix and a kidney stone. (See Dkt. 10 No. 10, Administrative Record (“AR”) 203-15.)3 Plaintiff filed his application for DIB on 11 August 11, 2021, alleging a disability onset date of July 27, 2017. (AR 203, 208.) 12 Plaintiff’s application was denied initially on December 3, 2021, and upon 13 reconsideration on March 11, 2022. (AR 78-96.) Plaintiff filed a written request for 14 hearing on May 11, 2022. (AR 140-41.) A hearing was conducted by telephone before 15 ALJ David Lacy on August 3, 2023.4 (AR 41-73.) Plaintiff, represented by counsel, 16 testified at the hearing. (AR 41-67.) Vocational expert Elizabeth Brown-Ramos also

17 testified. (AR 67-71.) Following the hearing, the ALJ issued an unfavorable decision 18 finding Plaintiff was not disabled within the meaning of the Social Security Act. 19 (AR 17-32.) On March 18, 2024, the ALJ’s decision became the Commissioner’s final 20 decision when the Appeals Council denied review. (AR 1-3.) 21 22

3 Citations to the Administrative Record are to the AR number. Pinpoint citations to 23 other docketed documents are to the page numbers in the CM/ECF-generated headers. 4 Given the Plaintiff and ALJ share a last name, the ALJ confirmed on the record that he 24 and Plaintiff were aware of no relations between them. (AR 43.) 1 Plaintiff filed this action on May 17, 2024, challenging the ALJ’s decision. (Dkt. 2 No. 1.) On July 16, 2024, Defendant filed an Answer and a copy of the Certified 3 Administrative Record. (Dkt. No. 10.) Plaintiff filed an opening brief. (Dkt. No. 15.) 4 Defendant filed an opposition brief. (Dkt. No. 19.) Plaintiff filed a notice of submission 5 in lieu of reply. (Dkt. No. 20.) This case is ready for decision.5

6 III. SUMMARY OF ALJ DECISION AFTER HEARING 7 On August 24, 2023, the ALJ found Plaintiff was not disabled within the meaning 8 of the Social Security Act. (AR 17-32.) The ALJ determined the period for Plaintiff’s 9 claim is the alleged onset date, August 21, 2019 through the date last insured, 10 December 31, 2022.6 (AR 17.) The ALJ found Plaintiff met the insured status 11 requirements of the Social Security Act on December 31, 2022. (AR 19.) 12 The ALJ followed the required five-step sequential evaluation process under the 13 Social Security Act to assess whether Plaintiff was disabled.7 See 20 C.F.R. 14 § 404.1520(a). At step one, the ALJ found that Plaintiff had not been engaged in 15

5 The Parties filed consents to proceed before a United States Magistrate Judge, 16 pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(c), including for entry of final Judgment. (Dkt. Nos. 6, 8, 14.) 17 6 In Plaintiff’s application, he included an alleged onset date of July 27, 2017, which the ALJ determined fell within a previously adjudicated period. (AR 203, 208.) Plaintiff 18 does not contest the claim period determination. (Dkt. No. 15 at 2-4; Dkt. No. 19 at 7.) 7 The ALJ follows a five-step sequential evaluation process to assess whether a claimant 19 is disabled: Step one: Is the claimant engaging in substantial gainful activity? If so, the claimant is found not disabled. If not, proceed to step two. Step two: Does the claimant 20 have a “severe” impairment? If so, proceed to step three. If not, then a finding of not disabled is appropriate. Step three: Does the claimant’s impairment or combination of 21 impairments meet or equal an impairment listed in 20 C.F.R., Pt. 404, Subpt. P, App. 1? If so, the claimant is automatically determined disabled. If not, proceed to step four. 22 Step four: Is the claimant capable of performing his past work? If so, the claimant is not disabled. If not, proceed to step five. Step five: Does the claimant have the residual 23 functional capacity to perform any other work? If so, the claimant is not disabled. If not, the claimant is disabled. Lester v. Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 828 n. 5 (9th Cir. 1996) (as 24 amended). 1 substantial gainful activity since August 21, 2019, the alleged onset date, through 2 December 31, 2022, the date last insured. (AR 20.) At step two, the ALJ found that 3 Plaintiff had the following severe impairments: major depressive disorder, generalized 4 anxiety disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, unspecified mood 5 disorder, obesity, left medial retinacular tear, right knee strain, diabetes mellitus, and

6 diabetic polyneuropathy. (AR 20.) 7 At step three, the ALJ found that Plaintiff did not have an impairment or 8 combination of impairments that met or medically equaled the severity of one of the 9 listed impairments in 20 CFR Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1 (the “Listings”). (AR 21.) 10 The ALJ then found that through the date last insured, Plaintiff had the RFC8 to 11 perform medium work except as follows: 12 The claimant is limited to lifting and carrying up to 50 pounds occasionally and 25 pounds frequently. The claimant can sit for 6 hours, stand for 6 13 hours, and walk for 6 hours in an 8-hour workday, for 5 days a week.

14 The claimant also has the following limitations:  No overhead reaching with the left upper extremity; 15  No more than frequent pushing and pulling with the bilateral extremities; 16  No more than frequent reaching (other than previously mentioned), handling, fingering, and feeling with the bilateral upper extremities; 17  No exposure to hazards or climbing ladders, ropes, or scaffolds, and no more than occasional balancing, crawling, crouching, kneeling, 18 stooping, or climbing ramps or stairs, as those are defined in the DOT/SCO; 19  Can understand, remember and carry out simple instructions;  Can have no more than occasional interactions with supervisors, 20 coworkers and the public; and 21 22 23 8 An RFC is what a claimant can still do despite existing exertional and nonexertional 24 limitations. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1545(a)(1). 1  Can deal with no more than frequent changes in a routine work setting. 2 (AR 23-24.) 3 At step four, the ALJ found Plaintiff was unable to perform any past relevant 4 work. (AR 30.) At step five, considering Plaintiff’s age, education, work experience, 5 and RFC, the ALJ found that there were jobs existing in significant numbers in the 6 national economy that Plaintiff could perform. (AR 31-32.) Accordingly, the ALJ 7 determined that Plaintiff has not been under a disability at any time from 8 August 21, 2019, the alleged onset date, through December 31, 2022, the date last 9 insured. (AR 32.) 10 III. FACTS RELEVANT TO THE APPEAL 11 A review of the record reflects certain facts relevant to this appeal. The record 12 contains four mental assessments provided by Drs. Chen, Rezapour, Rozenfeld, and 13 Forgus. (AR 90-94, 112-16, 418-22, 650-55.) 14 A. Mental Assessment By Dr. Chen 15 Dr. Chen was Plaintiff’s treating psychiatrist. (See, e.g., AR 355, 360, 363, 372, 16 377.) Dr. Chen provided a Mental Impairment Questionnaire dated March 25, 2021.

17 (AR 650-55.) The Questionnaire consists of check boxes with space for narrative 18 explanation. (AR 650-55.) 19 Dr. Chen provided opinions regarding Plaintiff’s mental abilities and aptitudes 20 needed to do unskilled work, semiskilled and skilled work, and particular types of jobs. 21 (AR 652-54.) For unskilled work, Dr. Chen checked boxes indicating Plaintiff was 22 “seriously limited, but not precluded” in three categories: maintain attention for two- 23 hour segment; accept instructions and respond appropriately to criticism from 24 supervisors; and get along with co-workers or peers without unduly distracting them or 1 exhibiting behavioral extremes. (AR 652.) In the space for narrative explanation, Dr. 2 Chen stated Plaintiff had difficulties carrying out tasks, meeting his responsibilities, and 3 making work-related decisions in his prior work. (AR 652.) Dr. Chen further explained 4 Plaintiff was previously laid off for his difficulties in interpersonal relationships, 5 specifically in appropriately responding to a supervisor. (AR 652.)

6 For semiskilled and skilled work, Dr. Chen opined Plaintiff can understand and 7 remember detailed instructions and can carry out detailed instructions. (AR 653.) 8 Dr. Chen checked boxes indicating Plaintiff was “seriously limited, but not precluded” in 9 setting realistic goals or making plans independently of others and dealing with stress of 10 semiskilled and skilled work. (AR 653.) For particular types of jobs, Dr. Chen checked 11 boxes indicating Plaintiff was “seriously limited, but not precluded” from interacting 12 appropriately with the general public and exhibiting appropriate behavior. (AR 653.) 13 Dr. Chen explained there are concerns of mood fluctuation, handling criticisms, and 14 working with others due to Plaintiff’s anxiety and depression. (AR 653.) 15 In a section titled “Functional Limitation,” Dr. Chen checked boxes indicating 16 Plaintiff has moderate functional limitations in two categories: difficulties in

17 maintaining social functioning and deficiencies of concentration, persistence, or pace. 18 (AR 654.) Dr. Chen found Plaintiff can manage his own benefits. (AR 655.) Dr. Chen 19 listed Plaintiff’s lack of participation in psychotherapy and in taking medication at a 20 therapeutic level as reasons why Plaintiff would have difficulty working on a sustained 21 basis. (AR 655.) 22 B. Mental Assessment By Dr. Rezapour 23 Dr. Rezapour was a consultative examiner whose opinion was requested by the 24 Commissioner. (AR 418-22.) Dr. Rezapour provided a Mental Evaluation by 1 Psychologist dated November 4, 2021. (AR 418-22.) The Evaluation is narrative. 2 (AR 418-22.) 3 Dr. Rezapour opined Plaintiff would have several moderate difficulties if he 4 returned to work. (AR 421.) Specifically, Dr. Rezapour opined Plaintiff would have 5 moderate limitations in the following areas: performing simple and repetitive tasks;

6 performing detailed and complex tasks; performing work activities on a consistent basis 7 without special or additional supervision; completing a normal workday or workweek 8 due to mental condition; accepting instructions from supervisor; interacting with 9 coworkers and with the public; and being able to handle the usual stresses, changes, and 10 demands of gainful employment. (AR 421.) 11 Dr. Rezapour also opined Plaintiff has moderate difficulties in maintaining social 12 functioning and attention and in concentration, persistence, and pace. (AR 421.) Dr. 13 Rezapour concluded Plaintiff is intellectually and psychologically capable of performing 14 activities of daily living. (AR 421.) Dr. Rezapour concluded Plaintiff’s limitations would 15 significantly improve with mental health treatment and abstinence from alcohol. 16 (AR 421.)

17 C. Mental Assessment By Dr. Rozenfeld 18 Dr. Rozenfeld was a non-examining physician whose opinion was requested by 19 Commissioner at the initial determination stage. (AR 90-94.) Dr. Rozenfeld provided a 20 Mental Residual Functional Capacity Assessment. (AR 90-94.) Dr. Rozenfeld opined 21 Plaintiff has moderate limitations in his ability to understand and remember detailed 22 instructions; carry out detailed instructions; maintain attention and concentration for 23 extended periods; complete a normal workday and workweek without interruptions 24 from psychologically based symptoms and to perform at a consistent pace without 1 unreasonable number and length of rest periods; interact appropriately with the general 2 public; get along with coworkers or peers without distracting them or exhibiting 3 behavioral extremes; and respond appropriately to changes in the work setting. 4 (AR 90-93.) Dr. Rozenfeld opined that Plaintiff is able to understand and remember 5 simple instructions; maintain concentration, persistence, and pace for simple tasks;

6 have brief intermittent contact with the public and coworkers and accept instructions 7 from supervisors; and adapt to basic changes in the workplace. (AR 91-93.) 8 D. Mental Assessment By Dr. Forgus 9 Dr. Forgus was a non-examining physician whose opinion was requested by 10 Commissioner at the reconsideration determination stage. (AR 112-16.) Dr. Forgus 11 provided a Mental Residual Functional Capacity Assessment. (AR 112-16.) Dr. Forgus 12 opined Plaintiff has moderate limitations in his ability to understand and remember 13 detailed instructions; carry out detailed instructions; maintain attention and 14 concentration for extended periods; complete a normal workday and workweek without 15 interruptions from psychologically based symptoms and to perform at a consistent pace 16 without unreasonable number and length of rest periods; interact appropriately with the

17 general public; get along with coworkers or peers without distracting them or exhibiting 18 behavioral extremes; and respond appropriately to changes in the work setting. 19 (AR 112-16.) Dr. Forgus opined that Plaintiff is able to understand and remember 20 simple instructions; perform simple repetitive tasks for two-hour periods with routine 21 breaks and can maintain concentration, persistence, and pace throughout a regular 22 workweek; relate appropriately in settings with somewhat reduced social demands that 23 require only occasional interactions with coworkers, peers, and the public; and adjust to 24 1 routine changes and manage his emotions and symptoms within a routine work setting. 2 (AR 112-16.) 3 IV. DISCUSSION 4 Plaintiff raises the following issue for review: whether the ALJ properly evaluated 5 the mental assessment of Plaintiff’s treating psychiatrist Dr. Chen. (See generally Dkt.

6 No. 15.) 7 A. Standard of Review 8 A United States District Court may review the Commissioner’s decision to deny 9 benefits pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). The District Court must affirm an ALJ’s 10 findings of fact if they are supported by substantial evidence and if the proper legal 11 standards were applied. Mayes v. Massanari, 276 F.3d 453, 458-59 (9th Cir. 2001) (as 12 amended). An ALJ can satisfy the substantial evidence requirement “by setting out a 13 detailed and thorough summary of the facts and conflicting clinical evidence, stating his 14 interpretation thereof, and making findings.” Reddick v. Chater, 157 F.3d 715, 725 (9th 15 Cir. 1998) (citation omitted). The District Court is not a trier of the facts but is confined 16 to ascertaining by the record before it if the Commissioner’s decision is based upon

17 substantial evidence. Garrison v. Colvin, 759 F.3d 995, 1010 (9th Cir. 2014) (citing 18 Connett v. Barnhart, 340 F.3d 871, 874 (9th Cir. 2003)). 19 “[T]he Commissioner’s decision cannot be affirmed simply by isolating a specific 20 quantum of supporting evidence. Rather, a court must consider the record as a whole, 21 weighing both evidence that supports and evidence that detracts from the Secretary’s 22 conclusion.” Aukland v. Massanari, 257 F.3d 1033, 1035 (9th Cir. 2001) (citations and 23 internal quotation marks omitted). “‘Where evidence is susceptible to more than one 24 rational interpretation,’ the ALJ’s decision should be upheld.” Ryan v. Comm’r, 528 1 F.3d 1194, 1198 (9th Cir. 2008) (citing Burch v. Barnhart, 400 F.3d 676, 679 (9th Cir. 2 2005)); see Robbins v. Soc. Sec. Admin., 466 F.3d 880, 882 (9th Cir. 2006) (“If the 3 evidence can support either affirming or reversing the ALJ’s conclusion, we may not 4 substitute our judgment for that of the ALJ.”). However, the Court may review only “the 5 reasons provided by the ALJ in the disability determination and may not affirm the ALJ

6 on a ground upon which he did not rely.” Orn v. Astrue, 495 F.3d 625, 630 (9th Cir. 7 2007) (citation omitted). 8 Lastly, even if an ALJ errs, the decision will be affirmed where such error is 9 harmless, that is, if it is “’inconsequential to the ultimate nondisability determination,’” 10 or if “‘the agency’s path may reasonably be discerned, even if the agency explains its 11 decision with less than ideal clarity.’” Brown-Hunter v. Colvin, 806 F.3d 487, 492 (9th 12 Cir. 2015) (as amended) (citation omitted); Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 1115 (9th 13 Cir. 2012), superseded by regulation on other grounds as stated in Smith v. Kijakazi, 14 14 F.4th 1108, 1111 (9th Cir. 2021). 15 B. The ALJ Properly Evaluated Dr. Chen’s Mental Assessment 16 Plaintiff argues the ALJ must have erred in evaluating Dr. Chen’s mental

17 assessment. (See generally Dkt. No. 15.) Specifically, Plaintiff claims Dr. Chen’s 18 opinions should not have been rejected because they were supported by and consistent 19 with the opinions of Drs. Rezapour, Rozenfeld, and Forgus. (Id. at 13.) Plaintiff also 20 argues the ALJ conflated the supportability and consistency factors when evaluating Dr. 21 Chen’s mental assessment. (Id. at 11-12.) Defendant, on the other hand, argues the 22 ALJ’s differentiation of the four mental assessments is supported by substantial 23 evidence. (Dkt. No. 19 at 14-18.) Defendant also argues the ALJ provided sufficient 24 reasoning for finding Dr. Chen’s mental assessment unpersuasive. (Id. at 18-24.) 1 The ALJ found the mental assessments provided by Drs. Chen and Rezapour 2 unpersuasive and those provided by Drs. Rozenfeld and Forgus partially persuasive. 3 (AR 28-29.) Specifically, the ALJ found unpersuasive the Doctors’ opinions that 4 Plaintiff has “seriously limited” mental abilities and/or “moderate” limitations. 5 (AR 28-29.) The ALJ found persuasive Dr. Rozenfeld’s and Dr. Forgus’s opinions that

6 Plaintiff is able to maintain concentration, persistence, and pace for simple tasks; have 7 brief, intermittent contact with the public and coworkers; accept instructions from 8 supervisors; and adapt to basic changes in the workplace. (AR 29.) 9 To reach these findings, the ALJ evaluated Dr. Chen’s mental assessment as 10 follows: 11 I find the medical opinion of psychiatrist, Allen Chen, M.D., is unpersuasive because the assessment is unsupported by relevant objective medical 12 evidence, inconsistent with evidence from other medical and nonmedical sources, and contradicted by other factors. In a form dated March 25, 2021, 13 Dr. Chen opined the claimant had mostly “limited but satisfactory” mental abilities and aptitudes needed for unskilled work. He also stated the 14 claimant had serious limitations in maintaining attention for two hours; accepting instructions and responding appropriately to criticism from 15 supervisors; and getting along with coworkers or peers without unduly distracting them or exhibit [sic] behavior extremes. Dr. Chen also opined 16 the claimant would likely be absent from work more than four times a month as a result of his impairments or treatment. Yet, Dr. Chen also stated 17 the claimant can manage his own funds (Ex. B9F). First, a supportable explanation was not provided because there were insufficient references to 18 medically acceptable objective clinical or diagnostic findings. Second, a supportable explanation was not provided because the medical source 19 merely checked boxes on a form and the lines on the form allowing for an explanation were inadequately completed. In fact, the assessments are 20 generally inconsistent with Dr. Chen’s opinion that the claimant could manage his own funds. Third, the objective medical evidence, including the 21 standard mental health treatment and mild to moderate mental status examinations, does not support the assessments. Fourth, evidence from 22 other medical or nonmedical sources, including the consultative psychologist’s generally modest examination of the claimant, are 23 inconsistent with the assessments. Last, the medical opinion is inconsistent with the claimant’s admitted activities of daily living, which have already 24 been described above in this decision. Performance of this at least average 1 range of ordinary tasks is inconsistent with severe limitations. Accordingly, I find this opinion is unpersuasive. 2 (AR 29.) 3 1. Legal Standard for Considering Mental Assessments 4 In evaluating the persuasiveness of the medical opinion, an ALJ considers the 5 following five factors: (1) supportability; (2) consistency; (3) relationship with the 6 claimant, which includes: (i) length of the treatment relationship, (ii) frequency of 7 examinations, (iii) purpose of the treatment relationship, (iv) extent of the treatment 8 relationship, (iv) extent of the treatment relationship, and (v) examining relationship; 9 (4) specialization; and (5) other factors. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c(c)(1)-(5). 10 The most important factors in determining the persuasiveness of a medical 11 opinion are supportability and consistency. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c(b)(2). Supportability 12 refers to the extent a medical opinion is supported by “objective medical evidence and 13 supporting explanations.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c(c)(1). Consistency refers to the extent 14 a medical opinion is consistent with “evidence from other medical sources and 15 nonmedical sources in the claim.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c(c)(2). 16 The ALJ must explain how he or she considered the factors of supportability and 17 consistency. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c(b)(2). The ALJ may reject a medical opinion as 18 either unsupported or inconsistent. Woods v. Kijakazi, 32 F.4th 785, 792-93 (9th Cir. 19 2022). Except in limited situations not at issue here, the ALJ may, but is not required 20 to, explain how he or she considered the remaining factors. 20 C.F.R. 21 § 404.1520c(b)(3). 22 2. Analysis 23 The ALJ found Dr. Chen’s mental assessment unpersuasive because it is 24 unsupported and inconsistent. As to supportability, the ALJ explained three reasons 1 why Dr. Chen’s mental assessment is not supported by objective medical evidence and 2 supporting explanations. First, the ALJ reasoned the mental assessment contained 3 “insufficient references to medically acceptable clinical or diagnostic findings.” (AR 29.) 4 Second, the ALJ noted the mental assessment was comprised of mostly checkboxes and 5 “the lines on the form for an explanation were inadequately completed.” (AR 29.) The

6 ALJ further explained the mental assessment was internally inconsistent because 7 Dr. Chen concluded Plaintiff could manage his own funds yet had “seriously limited” 8 mental abilities and “moderate” limitations. (AR 29.) Third, the ALJ found the 9 objective medical evidence, including standard mental treatment and mild to moderate 10 mental examinations, do not support the mental assessment. (AR 29.) 11 As to consistency, the ALJ explained two reasons why Dr. Chen’s mental 12 assessment is inconsistent with other medical and nonmedical evidence. (AR 29.) First, 13 the ALJ explained the mental assessment is inconsistent with evidence from medical or 14 nonmedical sources showing the generally modest mental examinations of Plaintiff. 15 (AR 29.) Second, the ALJ reasoned the mental assessment is inconsistent with 16 Plaintiff’s admitted activities of daily activities, which include an “average range of

17 ordinary tasks.” (AR 29.) 18 Substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s supportability and consistency findings. 19 As the ALJ noted, objective medical evidence shows Plaintiff’s mental examinations 20 yielded mild to moderate findings; Plaintiff was prescribed standard mental health 21 treatment; and Plaintiff never took or self-terminated prescribed medications. 22 (AR 360-99.) Despite this evidence, Dr. Chen opined that Plaintiff had several 23 “seriously limited” mental abilities and “moderate” limitations. (AR 90-94, 112-16, 24 418-22, 650-55.) Contrary to Plaintiff’s argument that similarities between the four 1 Doctors’ mental assessments mean each are supported and consistent, the ALJ properly 2 analyzed the medical and nonmedical evidence to support his findings. (AR 29.) 3 Substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s reasoned rejection of Dr. Chen’s mental 4 assessment. 5 The ALJ properly analyzed the supportability and consistency factors when

6 evaluating Dr. Chen’s mental assessment. The ALJ’s analysis provides reasons 7 supported by substantial evidence for rejecting Dr. Chen’s mental assessment. Nothing 8 more is required. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c(b)(2) (ALJ must only address 9 supportability and consistency factors); Woods, 32 F.4th at 792. Accordingly, the ALJ 10 properly considered and reasonably rejected the mental assessment provided by Dr. 11 Chen. 12 V. CONCLUSION 13 For the reasons stated above, the decision of the Social Security Commissioner is 14 AFFIRMED, and the action is DISMISSED with prejudice. Judgment shall be entered 15 accordingly. 16

17 DATED: September 22, 2025 18 /s / Autumn D. Spaeth THE HONORABLE AUTUMN D. SPAETH 19 United States Magistrate Judge

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