This cause comes into this court on a petition in error in order to reverse a judgment of conviction obtained in the criminal branch of the municipal court of the city of Cleveland.
It is claimed that this judgment should be reversed on the authority of the case of Nicholas v. City of Cleveland, 125 Ohio St. 474, 182 N.E. 26, recently decided by the Supreme Court. Perhaps that contention may be right, but the majority of the court think that this case is easily distinguishable from theNicholas case, for the Supreme Court in their opinion say that it is conceded that there was no trafficking in liquor in that case, or anything that indicated a trafficking, which would imply that, had there been a trafficking in liquor, they perhaps might have followed the rule laid down in many cases decided by them, to which we will allude hereafter.
It is clear from the record of the instant case that there was a trafficking in liquor, as the evidence shows that the place had been watched, and people going in sober and coming out intoxicated gave an indication that liquor was being sold inside the building. A search warrant was procured and an entrance made. Several men were seen sitting around the table drinking, both whisky and beer, and the owner of the property dumped a lot of liquor in the sink nearby, whereupon an officer saved enough of the liquor thus dumped to indicate that it was intoxicating liquor, which upon analysis showed that it was contraband.
The record also shows that twenty-two bottles of beer were found in the ice box, and one hundred and twenty-four bottles in another place, all contraband. Upon interrogating the visitors sitting around the table drinking liquor, it was ascertained that they came in to buy, but they refused to reveal the price they paid for the liquor.
Now we think that this evidence clearly shows that
there was a trafficking in liquor in the instant case, and the majority of the court wonder whether the Supreme Court intended, by its decision in the Nicholas case, supra, to overrule its former decisions such as the case of City of Cleveland v. Nagle,124 Ohio St. 59, 176 N.E. 886, decided by the Supreme Court in June, 1931, in which it reversed the judgment of the majority of this court, even though no search warrant had been obtained at all, holding in effect that, where there was a trafficking in liquor, in what would otherwise be a private home, such trafficking had the effect of destroying the character of such home and made it a place of business, and that the place could be searched and liquor obtained without a search warrant; and the majority of the court wonder whether the Supreme Court meant to nullify the Miller Law, Sections 6212-13 to 6212-43, General Code, which in effect provides that, where there is a trafficking in liquor in a private home, such place loses its character as a private home.
The majority of this court believe that all the Supreme Court intended to decide in the Nicholas case, supra, was that, since the amendment to the Code, the issuing of a search warrant is a judicial and not a ministerial act, that, inasmuch as in that case it was admitted that there was no trafficking, and the search warrant had been obtained from the clerk of the court rather than from the judge, the search warrant was illegal, and that the liquor thus obtained could not be used in evidence. But, as already stated, the Supreme Court was careful to state in theNicholas case that it was admitted there was no trafficking in liquor. So the majority of the court understands that decision to mean, and only to mean, that, where a search warrant is necessary and is issued, it must be issued by a judge or magistrate of the court, and not by the clerk of the court; that, while the court adhered to its ruling in Rosanski v. State, 106 Ohio St. 442,140 N.E. 370,
and still stood by the law announced in that case as to contraband seized in a place no longer a bona fide private dwelling, because of traffic in liquor therein, it held that, since the law had been amended so as to make the issuance of a search warrant a judicial act rather than a ministerial act, while not overruling the Rosanski case, supra, the rule in theNicholas case must be different; that, because there was no trafficking in liquor which would warrant the entrance of the home without a search warrant, and the search warrant having been issued illegally, the motion to suppress the evidence should have been granted.
Now the majority of this court accede to this doctrine, but we do not think that the Supreme Court meant to go to the extent that, where no such warrant was necessary, and liquor was found, and there was a showing that trafficking was being carried on, even though the search warrant was issued illegally, the court meant to nullify the Miller Act and destroy the effect of the opinion of the Supreme Court in the case of Porello v. State,121 Ohio St. 280, 168 N.E. 135, or the case of City of Cleveland v.Nagle, 124 Ohio St. 59, 176 N.E. 886, or the case of Rosanski
v. State, 106 Ohio St. 442, 140 N.E. 370, and many others of like import sustained by the Supreme Court.
In the Rosanski case, supra — and it is important to bear it in mind, for the court in the Nicholas case infer that, with the exception of the part which deals with that feature of search warrant issuance as above outlined, they stand by the decision made in the Rosanski case — the fourth and fifth paragraphs of the syllabus read as follows:
"In prosecutions for violations of the prohibition laws of Ohio, where the charge involves unlawful possession of intoxicating liquors, a seizure of any contraband property by an officer, whether the seizure has been made under process unlawfully procured or without any process, will not void the seizure, nor authorize
an order by a magistrate for a return of such contraband to the person from whose possession the same was taken, unless the seizure was made in a bona fide private dwelling.
"In such case all such contraband so seized is admissible in evidence upon the part of the state, and collateral inquiry for the purpose of determining its competency may not be made into the manner of its seizure."
We understand from the words of the Supreme Court in theNicholas case that this still remains the law, in accordance with their former decisions.
With this in mind, it must be remembered that the Miller Law provides that, where there is a trafficking in intoxicating liquors in a dwelling house, such house thereby loses its character as a bona fide residence, and the same can be searched without a search warrant; and, not believing that the Supreme Court intended to destroy the effect of the Miller Law, and not believing that they intended to overrule their former decisions upon this question, the majority of the court can only conclude that the Supreme Court limited its decision in the Nicholas case
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
This cause comes into this court on a petition in error in order to reverse a judgment of conviction obtained in the criminal branch of the municipal court of the city of Cleveland.
It is claimed that this judgment should be reversed on the authority of the case of Nicholas v. City of Cleveland, 125 Ohio St. 474, 182 N.E. 26, recently decided by the Supreme Court. Perhaps that contention may be right, but the majority of the court think that this case is easily distinguishable from theNicholas case, for the Supreme Court in their opinion say that it is conceded that there was no trafficking in liquor in that case, or anything that indicated a trafficking, which would imply that, had there been a trafficking in liquor, they perhaps might have followed the rule laid down in many cases decided by them, to which we will allude hereafter.
It is clear from the record of the instant case that there was a trafficking in liquor, as the evidence shows that the place had been watched, and people going in sober and coming out intoxicated gave an indication that liquor was being sold inside the building. A search warrant was procured and an entrance made. Several men were seen sitting around the table drinking, both whisky and beer, and the owner of the property dumped a lot of liquor in the sink nearby, whereupon an officer saved enough of the liquor thus dumped to indicate that it was intoxicating liquor, which upon analysis showed that it was contraband.
The record also shows that twenty-two bottles of beer were found in the ice box, and one hundred and twenty-four bottles in another place, all contraband. Upon interrogating the visitors sitting around the table drinking liquor, it was ascertained that they came in to buy, but they refused to reveal the price they paid for the liquor.
Now we think that this evidence clearly shows that
there was a trafficking in liquor in the instant case, and the majority of the court wonder whether the Supreme Court intended, by its decision in the Nicholas case, supra, to overrule its former decisions such as the case of City of Cleveland v. Nagle,124 Ohio St. 59, 176 N.E. 886, decided by the Supreme Court in June, 1931, in which it reversed the judgment of the majority of this court, even though no search warrant had been obtained at all, holding in effect that, where there was a trafficking in liquor, in what would otherwise be a private home, such trafficking had the effect of destroying the character of such home and made it a place of business, and that the place could be searched and liquor obtained without a search warrant; and the majority of the court wonder whether the Supreme Court meant to nullify the Miller Law, Sections 6212-13 to 6212-43, General Code, which in effect provides that, where there is a trafficking in liquor in a private home, such place loses its character as a private home.
The majority of this court believe that all the Supreme Court intended to decide in the Nicholas case, supra, was that, since the amendment to the Code, the issuing of a search warrant is a judicial and not a ministerial act, that, inasmuch as in that case it was admitted that there was no trafficking, and the search warrant had been obtained from the clerk of the court rather than from the judge, the search warrant was illegal, and that the liquor thus obtained could not be used in evidence. But, as already stated, the Supreme Court was careful to state in theNicholas case that it was admitted there was no trafficking in liquor. So the majority of the court understands that decision to mean, and only to mean, that, where a search warrant is necessary and is issued, it must be issued by a judge or magistrate of the court, and not by the clerk of the court; that, while the court adhered to its ruling in Rosanski v. State, 106 Ohio St. 442,140 N.E. 370,
and still stood by the law announced in that case as to contraband seized in a place no longer a bona fide private dwelling, because of traffic in liquor therein, it held that, since the law had been amended so as to make the issuance of a search warrant a judicial act rather than a ministerial act, while not overruling the Rosanski case, supra, the rule in theNicholas case must be different; that, because there was no trafficking in liquor which would warrant the entrance of the home without a search warrant, and the search warrant having been issued illegally, the motion to suppress the evidence should have been granted.
Now the majority of this court accede to this doctrine, but we do not think that the Supreme Court meant to go to the extent that, where no such warrant was necessary, and liquor was found, and there was a showing that trafficking was being carried on, even though the search warrant was issued illegally, the court meant to nullify the Miller Act and destroy the effect of the opinion of the Supreme Court in the case of Porello v. State,121 Ohio St. 280, 168 N.E. 135, or the case of City of Cleveland v.Nagle, 124 Ohio St. 59, 176 N.E. 886, or the case of Rosanski
v. State, 106 Ohio St. 442, 140 N.E. 370, and many others of like import sustained by the Supreme Court.
In the Rosanski case, supra — and it is important to bear it in mind, for the court in the Nicholas case infer that, with the exception of the part which deals with that feature of search warrant issuance as above outlined, they stand by the decision made in the Rosanski case — the fourth and fifth paragraphs of the syllabus read as follows:
"In prosecutions for violations of the prohibition laws of Ohio, where the charge involves unlawful possession of intoxicating liquors, a seizure of any contraband property by an officer, whether the seizure has been made under process unlawfully procured or without any process, will not void the seizure, nor authorize
an order by a magistrate for a return of such contraband to the person from whose possession the same was taken, unless the seizure was made in a bona fide private dwelling.
"In such case all such contraband so seized is admissible in evidence upon the part of the state, and collateral inquiry for the purpose of determining its competency may not be made into the manner of its seizure."
We understand from the words of the Supreme Court in theNicholas case that this still remains the law, in accordance with their former decisions.
With this in mind, it must be remembered that the Miller Law provides that, where there is a trafficking in intoxicating liquors in a dwelling house, such house thereby loses its character as a bona fide residence, and the same can be searched without a search warrant; and, not believing that the Supreme Court intended to destroy the effect of the Miller Law, and not believing that they intended to overrule their former decisions upon this question, the majority of the court can only conclude that the Supreme Court limited its decision in the Nicholas case
to what was actually before it; and, it being conceded in that case that there was no trafficking in liquor of any kind, nor anything which would give rise to an implication that there was a trafficking in liquor, the only question before the court was, Did the clerk of the municipal court, upon the evidence that was produced before him, have the power to issue a search warrant, which power did exist prior to the amendment as outlined clearly in the Rosanski case? Since the law has been amended making the issuance of a search warrant a judicial rather than a ministerial act, the court could do no different than it did do in holding that the liquor was improperly seized, because it was conceded that the home was a bona fide home that had not been transformed by reason of a trafficking in liquor in said home.
The majority of this court think, from a fair reading of the decision of the Supreme Court in the Nicholas case, and their reservations, still standing by the law laid down in the Rosanskicase, that in the instant case, where there was obviously a clear violation of the law, for there was unquestionably a trafficking in liquor in the home, such home had ceased to have the sacredness of a private dwelling, and therefore was not immune from search without a search warrant. Surely the mere fact that a search warrant was issued illegally, when none was required to make the search, that is, the mere issuance of a search warrant, though by a ministerial officer, would not make the search of the house illegal, for the issuance of the search warrant was unnecessary, and therefore was unimportant, and therefore does not and should not control the decision of the court in rendering its judgment. See the Rosanski case, supra.
The majority of the court, being firmly of the opinion that this was the clear import and intention of the Supreme Court in the Nicholas case, and being able to distinguish this case clearly from that case, think that the record shows there was clearly a trafficking in liquor in the instant case, and that the affidavit charging the defendant with the possession of liquor, being other than the search warrant affidavit, the municipal court had ample authority to render the judgment that it did render upon the evidence in this case. With these views we can see no error in the record, and therefore we can do no other than affirm the judgment of the municipal court.
Judgment affirmed.
WEYGANDT, J., concurs.