Lagergren v. United States

130 Fed. Cl. 626, 2015 U.S. Claims LEXIS 1998, 2015 WL 13117580
CourtUnited States Court of Federal Claims
DecidedOctober 23, 2015
DocketNo. 15-174C
StatusPublished

This text of 130 Fed. Cl. 626 (Lagergren v. United States) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Court of Federal Claims primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Lagergren v. United States, 130 Fed. Cl. 626, 2015 U.S. Claims LEXIS 1998, 2015 WL 13117580 (uscfc 2015).

Opinion

[627]*627ORDER

GRANTING DEPENDANT’S MOTION TO DISMISS

John P. Wiese, Senior Judge

Plaintiff is a pro se litigant proceeding here in forma pauperis. Plaintiff seeks to recover seaman’s double wages, authorized under the provisions of 46 U.S.C. § 10504(b), (c)(1) (2012), that he claims he is entitled to due to a delay in payment for unused leave that was owed to him upon the termination of his employment as a merchant seaman with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (“NOAA”). This ease is now before the court on defendant’s motion to dismiss the complaint for lack of jurisdiction. The court grants defendant’s motion.

FACTS

Plaintiff was employed as the third assistant engineer assigned to the NOAA ship Rainier from March 17, 2013, until his termination on June 6, 2013. After his termination, plaintiff received two payments from the government, $821.96 on November 12, 2013, and $3,120.63 on November 25, 2013, for his annual leave and compensatory leave, respectively. Athough plaintiff acknowledges that these amounts correctly reflect his pay entitlement based on his employment record, he maintains that these funds should have been paid at the latest within two days after his separation, not the 171 days that actually transpired.

According to documents attached to the complaint, the delay in payment was attributable to NOAA’s Marine Operations Center hiring coordinator being out of the office on medical leave in the summer of 2013 and then furloughed for a period thereafter. As alleged, plaintiffs separation package was forwarded to the NOAA Workforce Management Office for processing on October 30, 2013, and all remaining compensation due him was paid approximately three weeks later.

Plaintiff initially filed an administrative claim seeking penalties for the delay in payment under the Federal Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. §§ 2671-2680 (2012). That claim, however, was dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. Thereafter, plaintiff filed the present suit seeking penalties against the United States under § 10504(b), (c)(1), specifically, two days’ wages for each day payment was delayed, resulting in a claim of $52,322.55 for the 171-day delay that transpired between his termination and his receipt of compensation.

DISCUSSION

In litigating this claim, plaintiff relies on 46 U.S.C. § 10504(b), (e)(1), which reads in relevant part, as follows1:

(b) The master shall pay a seaman the balance of wages due the seaman within 2 days after the termination of the agreement required by section 10502 of this title [46 U.S.C. § 10502] or when the seaman is discharged, whichever is earlier.
(c)(1) Subject to subsection (d), and except as provided in paragraph (2), when payment is not made as provided under subsection (b) of this section without sufficient cause, the master or owner shall pay to the seaman 2 [628]*628days’ wages for each day payment is delayed.

Plaintiff, as we have noted, asserts a 171-delay in the payment of wages resulting in a total claim (after doubling of his daily wage rate) of $52,332.55.2 Defendant has moved for dismissal of the claim on the ground that it seeks payment of a penalty rather than compensation and, as such, is not recoverable against the United States on grounds of sovereign immunity, i.e., that Congress has not given its consent to the allowance of such claims against the government.

In support of this contention, defendant relies on a number of cases, chief among them Missouri Pacific R.R. v. Ault, 256 U.S. 554, 41 S.Ct. 693, 65 L.Ed. 1087 (1921). In Ault, the government, proceeding under emergency legislation enacted in furtherance of the war effort, had taken over operation and control of a railroad pursuant to statutory provisions which (1) maintained the railroad’s amenability to suit during the period of government control, but shielded it from any resulting liability; (2) waived the government’s traditional defense of sovereign immunity; and (3) preserved the enforceability of state regulatory authority.3 Against this statutory background wherein, as the Court described it, “the usual immunity of the sovereign from legal liability was not to prevent the enforcement of liabilities ordinarily incident to the operation of carriers,” id. at 559, 41 S.Ct. 593, the question arose whether the government, as the operator of the railroad, could be held liable for a default judgment, entered in favor of the railroad’s discharged employee, that added a state-law penalty to the employee’s claim for late payment of wages.4 The government did not contest liability for the wages owed, but resisted payment of the penalty amount. On appeal, the judgment was affirmed.

The Supreme Court reversed. The Court held that the plaintiff could recover the wages due him, but not the penalty amount. Speaking through Justice Brandéis, the Court explained that pursuant to the statute under which the government was operating, the government “submitted itself to the various laws, state and federal, which prescribed how the duty of a common carrier by railroad should be performed and what should be the remedy for failure to perform.... But there is nothing either in the purpose or the letter of [the statute] to indicate that Congress intended to authorize suit against the government for a penalty, if it should fail to perform the legal obligations imposed.” Id. at 563, 41 S.Ct. 593.

The Court went on to say that “[t]he purpose for which the government permitted itself to be sued was compensation, not punishment,” id. at 564, 41 S.Ct. 593, and that “the element of punishment clearly predominates [here] and Congress has not given its consent that suits of this character be brought against the United States,” id. at 565, 41 S.Ct. 593.

Defendant contends that the decision in Ault is directly applicable to the present case for there, as here, the claim asserted against the government included a demand for payment of a wage-related sum — an amount added on account of the late payment of an employee’s wage — that was punitive, rather than compensatory, in character. According to defendant, Ault holds that absent specific consent, a waiver of sovereign immunity does not extend to the recovery of punitive damages from the government.

[629]*629In further support of its argument, defendant refers to McCrea v. United States (The American Shipper), 70 F.2d 632 (2d Cir. 1934), where the court — relying on Ault— rejected a seaman’s claim against the United States for double pay under the Seaman’s Act of 1915, 46 U.S.C. § 10313

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Related

Missouri Pacific Railroad v. Ault
256 U.S. 554 (Supreme Court, 1921)
Amell v. United States
384 U.S. 158 (Supreme Court, 1966)
United States v. United Continental Tuna Corp.
425 U.S. 164 (Supreme Court, 1976)
Griffin v. Oceanic Contractors, Inc.
458 U.S. 564 (Supreme Court, 1982)
Adams v. United States
391 F.3d 1212 (Federal Circuit, 2004)
Abogado v. International Marine Carriers
890 F. Supp. 626 (S.D. Texas, 1995)
McCrea v. United States
70 F.2d 632 (Second Circuit, 1934)

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Bluebook (online)
130 Fed. Cl. 626, 2015 U.S. Claims LEXIS 1998, 2015 WL 13117580, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/lagergren-v-united-states-uscfc-2015.