Lacey v. Bekaert Steel Wire Corp.

799 F.2d 434
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
DecidedAugust 28, 1986
DocketNo. 86-1058
StatusPublished
Cited by10 cases

This text of 799 F.2d 434 (Lacey v. Bekaert Steel Wire Corp.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Lacey v. Bekaert Steel Wire Corp., 799 F.2d 434 (8th Cir. 1986).

Opinion

MAGILL, Circuit Judge.

Plaintiffs-appellants Ronald Lacey, individually and as special administrator of the estate of Rebecca Lacey, deceased, and Glenda Richie Tomlinson appeal from the district court’s1 entry of summary judgment, 619 F.Supp. 1234 (1985), in favor of all defendants in this diversity case resulting from a single-vehicle, nighttime accident causing the death of driver Rebecca Lacey, personal injuries to passenger Glenda Tomlinson, and damage to the automobile owned by Ronald Lacey. For reversal, Lacey2 argues the district court erred in its rulings regarding (1) the constitutionality of municipal tort immunity under Arkansas statute; (2) the viability of a direct action against CNA, an insurance company; and (3) the liability of Bekaert Steel Wire Corporation as a possessor of the land underlying the public road where the accident occurred. We affirm in all respects.

I. BACKGROUND.

On July 30, 1982, Rebecca Lacey was driving on Interstate 40 with passenger Tomlinson. They took the Lee Creek Road exit, and continued southward, passing a caution sign which read “Road Ends % Mile.”3 Not realizing that they were approaching the end of the road, they drove over the north bank of the Arkansas River. Passenger Tomlinson managed to escape from the submerged vehicle, but driver Lacey was trapped inside and drowned.

Lee Creek Road is a public road running north-south in Crawford County, Arkansas, ending at the north bank of the Arkansas River. Defendant Bekaert Steel Wire Corporation owns the property west of the center line of this road, and the property immediately north of the site of Lacey’s accident. Defendant Crawford County owns an 80-foot easement and right-of-way for Lee Creek Road running northward from the north bank of the Arkansas River, which was annexed to defendant City of Van Burén in May 1975.

In July 1976, the City of Van Burén issued bonds to raise capital for construction of a new industrial plant by Bekaert Steel Wire Corporation. The municipal bond agreement required Bekaert Steel Wire Corporation to maintain liability insurance against personal injury, death or property damage occurring in or about the plant. At the time of the Lacey accident, Bekaert Steel Wire Corporation had obtained this insurance from defendant CNA, a liability insurance carrier. The municipal bond agreement also provided that Bekaert Steel Wire Corporation indemnify the City. The land described in the agreement included the site of the Lacey accident and the road to the north thereof.

In February 1985, Lacey filed this diversity suit against the road authorities (Crawford County and the City of Van Burén), Bekaert Steel Wire Corporation, and its insurer, CNA, as well as other defendants. In October and December 1985, the district court entered summary judgment in favor of all four defendants.

II. DISCUSSION.

A. Road Authorities.

Lacey argues the district court erred in granting summary judgment in [436]*436favor of Crawford County and the City of Van Buren based on the statutory immunity of local governments from tort liability. He contends the statutory scheme violates the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment by arbitrarily depriving a group of plaintiffs from access to judicial process.

Arkansas statutes generally provide that local governments are immune from tort liability, except that local governments must cover their own motor vehicles with liability insurance.4 Under this exception, injured parties may recover against insurance carriers for damages caused by the negligent operation of government-owned motor vehicles under the “direct action” statute. Ark.Stat.Ann. § 66-3240 (Repl. 1980). There is no remedy in Arkansas for damages sustained as a result of other types of negligence by local governments, however. See Sturdivant v. Farmington, 255 Ark. 415, 500 S.W.2d 769 (1973). The Supreme Court of Arkansas has upheld this statutory scheme, recognizing the valid legislative purpose of making “government entities bear some responsibility for wrongs to individuals harmed by their negligence, but also [protecting] these same entities from exposure to high judgments which would destroy them.” Thompson v. Sanford, 281 Ark. 365, 663 S.W.2d 932, 934 (1984).

The equal protection clause generally requires that the state give equal treatment to persons who are similarly situated, unless a rational basis exists for discriminating among them. Williamson v. Lee Optical Co., 348 U.S. 483, 75 S.Ct. 461, 99 L.Ed. 563 (1955); see generally Hulva v. Arkansas State Board of Dental Examiners, 277 Ark. 397, 642 S.W.2d 296, 297-98 (1982). If, however, the challenged statute contains a classification based upon a suspect criterion, see e.g., Graham v. Richardson, 403 U.S. 365, 91 S.Ct. 1848, 29 L.Ed.2d 534 (1971); McLaughlin v. Florida, 379 U.S. 184, 191-92, 85 S.Ct. 283, 287-89, 13 L.Ed.2d 222 (1964), or affects a fundamental interest, see e.g., Dunn v. Blumstein, 405 U.S. 330, 336-42, 92 S.Ct. 995, 1003, 31 L.Ed.2d 274 (1972); Shapiro v. Thompson, 394 U.S. 618, 629-31, 89 S.Ct. 1322, 1329-30, 22 L.Ed.2d 600 (1969), the state must show a compelling interest to sustain it. A legislative classification is not generally suspect unless it classifies by race, alienage or national origin. See City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, — U.S. -, 105 S.Ct. 3249, 3255, 87 L.Ed.2d 313 (1985).

The district court correctly reasoned that because the legislative classification of tort victims was not based upon a suspect criterion and the right to bring a tort suit against the government is not fundamental, the statutory scheme need only have an underlying rational basis. The district court upheld the scheme as a valid legislative effort to provide a method and manner of relief to some victims of governmental tortfeasors. We hold that the district court did not err in sustaining the statute as rationally related to a legitimate state interest.5

B. Insurer.

Lacey contends the district court erred in dismissing his direct action against CNA, claiming the City of Van Buren is “insured” by CNA. He concedes that the City is not a named insured in the CNA policy. However, he reasons that because [437]*437Bekaert Steel Wire Corporation purchased the CNA liability insurance pursuant to its municipal financing agreement, the City chose to carry insurance.

The district court rejected Lacey’s theory as without authority under Arkansas law. It reasoned that because the direct action statute, Ark.Stat.Ann. § 66-3240 (Repl. 1980), does not apply to insurance policies carried by private entities, such as Bekaert Steel Wire Corporation,

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Ronald Lacey v. Bekaert Steel Wire Corporation
799 F.2d 434 (Eighth Circuit, 1986)

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799 F.2d 434, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/lacey-v-bekaert-steel-wire-corp-ca8-1986.