MEMORANDUM DECISION FILED Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this May 30 2017, 10:00 am Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the CLERK Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, and Tax Court collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Joel C. Wieneke Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Wieneke Law Office LLC Attorney General of Indiana Brooklyn, Indiana Jodi Kathryn Stein Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA 1 Lacee M. Garber, n/k/a Lacee May 30, 2017 M. Cochran, Court of Appeals Case No. 34A02-1609-CR-2039 Appellant-Defendant, Appeal from the Howard Superior v. Court. The Honorable Timothy P. Spahr, Special Judge. State of Indiana, Trial Court Cause No. 34D02-1407-FC-151 Appellee-Plaintiff.
Sharpnack, Senior Judge
1 Because she was referred to as Lacee Garber in the pleadings and in the transcript, we refer to her by that name in the opinion.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 34A02-1609-CR-2039 | May 30, 2017 Page 1 of 7 Statement of the Case [1] Lacee M. Garber appeals from the trial court’s restitution order after she 2 pleaded guilty to two counts of Class C felony forgery and one count of Class 3 D felony theft. We affirm.
Issue [2] The dispositive issue in this appeal is whether Garber waived review of the trial
court’s restitution order by agreeing to leave calculation of the amount of
restitution to the trial court’s discretion.
Facts and Procedural History [3] Garber was employed as a paralegal and office manager in the law office of
Michael Krebes from 2005 to 2013. Krebes was a deputy prosecutor, receiving
a stipend from the prosecutor’s office, but he also maintained a civil practice.
Garber was compensated for her work in Krebes’ private office from the stipend
Krebes received from his work at the prosecutor’s office. However, Krebes told
Garber that if the civil practice could not be financially self-sustaining, he
planned to close it.
2 Ind. Code § 35-43-5-2(b)(1) (2014). 3 Ind. Code § 35-43-4-2 (2014).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 34A02-1609-CR-2039 | May 30, 2017 Page 2 of 7 [4] Krebes paid for some of his personal bills from stipend funds, and he sometimes
used funds from his civil practice to pay his personal mortgage and for use as
spending money.
[5] At some point, Garber began to pay her own personal expenditures from the
business and client trust accounts to which she had been granted access by
Krebes. No records were kept of the amount taken from those accounts for
such purpose.
[6] Several clients retained Krebes to represent them in bankruptcy court and
presented their retainer payments to Garber. Garber did not initiate the
bankruptcy filings but kept the money. Garber also settled cases without
Krebes’ permission and kept the settlement money. Two of the clients who
were deprived of their settlement checks were Delores Pendergrass and Thomas
Melton.
[7] Disciplinary complaints started to arrive at Krebes’ office. Garber responded to
some of them on her own and hid others in an office closet. She also instructed
clients to contact her directly by her cell phone number to bypass Krebes.
[8] The civil practice began to fail financially, and Garber kept the situation hidden
from Krebes for as long as possible by moving money between accounts. By
the fall of 2013, Krebes became aware that the civil practice was failing and told
Garber that he planned to close it by the end of the year. By December,
however, Krebes became aware of the grave and extensive nature of Garber’s
misconduct after speaking with several clients.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 34A02-1609-CR-2039 | May 30, 2017 Page 3 of 7 [9] Krebes was disciplined for his failure to supervise Garber and for allowing her
to practice law without a license. He received a two-year license suspension,
which was withheld upon completion of certain requirements. Krebes hired
several other attorneys to complete his client work, was the subject of civil suits
filed by clients, and spent $10,000 to defend the disciplinary actions he faced.
Krebes valued his loss due to Garber’s criminal actions at $123,818.45.
[10] After charges were filed against her, Garber entered into a written plea
agreement, pleading guilty to two counts of Class C felony forgery for her
actions involving Thomas Melton and Delores Pendergrass, and one count of
Class D felony theft for stealing from Krebes. The State agreed to dismiss the
remaining counts. The plea agreement set forth specific sentencing provisions,
and also represented that the parties “disagree on the amount of restitution, and
arguments thereon shall be made at the sentencing hearing.” Appellant’s App.
p. 138. At the hearing during which sentencing and restitution were addressed,
Garber’s counsel stated, “so, we’ll leave that to the Court’s discretion as to how
to calculate restitution and what amount that should ultimately be. Umm, but
we ask to, that you please consider her ability to pay when you, when you
fashion that.” Tr. p. 121.
[11] The trial court ordered restitution in the amount of $100,000, with payment of
$20,200 as a condition of probation and $79,800 as a civil judgment. Garber
now appeals.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 34A02-1609-CR-2039 | May 30, 2017 Page 4 of 7 Discussion and Decision [12] Garber challenges the trial court’s restitution order, contending that the amount
is too high. By statute, a trial court is allowed to order a defendant to pay
restitution to a victim as a condition of probation, so long as the defendant’s
ability to pay has been considered before the restitution order is entered. Ind.
Code § 35-38-2-2.3(a)(6) (2013). “A trial court’s determinations in setting
probation are set aside only where the trial court has abused its discretion.” Bell
v. State, 59 N.E.3d 959, 962 (Ind. 2016). “An order of restitution lies within this
discretion and will likewise be reversed only for abuse of discretion.” Id.
(quoting Kays v. State, 963 N.E.2d 507, 509 (Ind. 2012)).
[13] The State argues that Garber has waived this argument by stating that she
would leave the issue of calculation of restitution to the trial court’s discretion.
We agree.
[14] In Bell, our Supreme Court addressed the issue of whether a defendant waived
her ability to challenge a trial court’s restitution order on appeal due to her
failure to object to the order at the time it was entered. The Court stated as
follows:
This Court and the Court of Appeals review many claims of sentencing error (improper consideration of an aggravating circumstance, failure to consider a proper mitigating circumstance, inaccurate weighing of aggravating and mitigating circumstances, etc.) without insisting that the claim first be presented to the trial judge. Although there have been cases in which appeals on restitution were waived due to the failure to
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MEMORANDUM DECISION FILED Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this May 30 2017, 10:00 am Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the CLERK Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, and Tax Court collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Joel C. Wieneke Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Wieneke Law Office LLC Attorney General of Indiana Brooklyn, Indiana Jodi Kathryn Stein Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA 1 Lacee M. Garber, n/k/a Lacee May 30, 2017 M. Cochran, Court of Appeals Case No. 34A02-1609-CR-2039 Appellant-Defendant, Appeal from the Howard Superior v. Court. The Honorable Timothy P. Spahr, Special Judge. State of Indiana, Trial Court Cause No. 34D02-1407-FC-151 Appellee-Plaintiff.
Sharpnack, Senior Judge
1 Because she was referred to as Lacee Garber in the pleadings and in the transcript, we refer to her by that name in the opinion.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 34A02-1609-CR-2039 | May 30, 2017 Page 1 of 7 Statement of the Case [1] Lacee M. Garber appeals from the trial court’s restitution order after she 2 pleaded guilty to two counts of Class C felony forgery and one count of Class 3 D felony theft. We affirm.
Issue [2] The dispositive issue in this appeal is whether Garber waived review of the trial
court’s restitution order by agreeing to leave calculation of the amount of
restitution to the trial court’s discretion.
Facts and Procedural History [3] Garber was employed as a paralegal and office manager in the law office of
Michael Krebes from 2005 to 2013. Krebes was a deputy prosecutor, receiving
a stipend from the prosecutor’s office, but he also maintained a civil practice.
Garber was compensated for her work in Krebes’ private office from the stipend
Krebes received from his work at the prosecutor’s office. However, Krebes told
Garber that if the civil practice could not be financially self-sustaining, he
planned to close it.
2 Ind. Code § 35-43-5-2(b)(1) (2014). 3 Ind. Code § 35-43-4-2 (2014).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 34A02-1609-CR-2039 | May 30, 2017 Page 2 of 7 [4] Krebes paid for some of his personal bills from stipend funds, and he sometimes
used funds from his civil practice to pay his personal mortgage and for use as
spending money.
[5] At some point, Garber began to pay her own personal expenditures from the
business and client trust accounts to which she had been granted access by
Krebes. No records were kept of the amount taken from those accounts for
such purpose.
[6] Several clients retained Krebes to represent them in bankruptcy court and
presented their retainer payments to Garber. Garber did not initiate the
bankruptcy filings but kept the money. Garber also settled cases without
Krebes’ permission and kept the settlement money. Two of the clients who
were deprived of their settlement checks were Delores Pendergrass and Thomas
Melton.
[7] Disciplinary complaints started to arrive at Krebes’ office. Garber responded to
some of them on her own and hid others in an office closet. She also instructed
clients to contact her directly by her cell phone number to bypass Krebes.
[8] The civil practice began to fail financially, and Garber kept the situation hidden
from Krebes for as long as possible by moving money between accounts. By
the fall of 2013, Krebes became aware that the civil practice was failing and told
Garber that he planned to close it by the end of the year. By December,
however, Krebes became aware of the grave and extensive nature of Garber’s
misconduct after speaking with several clients.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 34A02-1609-CR-2039 | May 30, 2017 Page 3 of 7 [9] Krebes was disciplined for his failure to supervise Garber and for allowing her
to practice law without a license. He received a two-year license suspension,
which was withheld upon completion of certain requirements. Krebes hired
several other attorneys to complete his client work, was the subject of civil suits
filed by clients, and spent $10,000 to defend the disciplinary actions he faced.
Krebes valued his loss due to Garber’s criminal actions at $123,818.45.
[10] After charges were filed against her, Garber entered into a written plea
agreement, pleading guilty to two counts of Class C felony forgery for her
actions involving Thomas Melton and Delores Pendergrass, and one count of
Class D felony theft for stealing from Krebes. The State agreed to dismiss the
remaining counts. The plea agreement set forth specific sentencing provisions,
and also represented that the parties “disagree on the amount of restitution, and
arguments thereon shall be made at the sentencing hearing.” Appellant’s App.
p. 138. At the hearing during which sentencing and restitution were addressed,
Garber’s counsel stated, “so, we’ll leave that to the Court’s discretion as to how
to calculate restitution and what amount that should ultimately be. Umm, but
we ask to, that you please consider her ability to pay when you, when you
fashion that.” Tr. p. 121.
[11] The trial court ordered restitution in the amount of $100,000, with payment of
$20,200 as a condition of probation and $79,800 as a civil judgment. Garber
now appeals.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 34A02-1609-CR-2039 | May 30, 2017 Page 4 of 7 Discussion and Decision [12] Garber challenges the trial court’s restitution order, contending that the amount
is too high. By statute, a trial court is allowed to order a defendant to pay
restitution to a victim as a condition of probation, so long as the defendant’s
ability to pay has been considered before the restitution order is entered. Ind.
Code § 35-38-2-2.3(a)(6) (2013). “A trial court’s determinations in setting
probation are set aside only where the trial court has abused its discretion.” Bell
v. State, 59 N.E.3d 959, 962 (Ind. 2016). “An order of restitution lies within this
discretion and will likewise be reversed only for abuse of discretion.” Id.
(quoting Kays v. State, 963 N.E.2d 507, 509 (Ind. 2012)).
[13] The State argues that Garber has waived this argument by stating that she
would leave the issue of calculation of restitution to the trial court’s discretion.
We agree.
[14] In Bell, our Supreme Court addressed the issue of whether a defendant waived
her ability to challenge a trial court’s restitution order on appeal due to her
failure to object to the order at the time it was entered. The Court stated as
follows:
This Court and the Court of Appeals review many claims of sentencing error (improper consideration of an aggravating circumstance, failure to consider a proper mitigating circumstance, inaccurate weighing of aggravating and mitigating circumstances, etc.) without insisting that the claim first be presented to the trial judge. Although there have been cases in which appeals on restitution were waived due to the failure to
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 34A02-1609-CR-2039 | May 30, 2017 Page 5 of 7 make an objection at trial, the vast weight of the recent case law in this state indicates that appellate courts will review a trial court’s restitution order even when the defendant did not object based on the rationale that a restitution order is part of the sentence, and it is the duty of the appellate courts to bring illegal sentences into compliance. 59 N.E.3d at 962 (internal citations and quotations omitted).
[15] “Waiver is an affirmative act and mere silence, acquiescence or inactivity does
not constitute waiver unless there was a duty to speak.” Ryan v. Janovsky, 999
N.E.2d 895, 901 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013) (quoting Pohle v. Cheatham, 724 N.E.2d
655, 659 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000)), trans. denied. Here, Garber challenged the
amount offered by Krebes, but did not provide the trial court with an
alternative, lesser amount, and expressly left the calculation to the trial court’s
discretion.
[16] Waiver notwithstanding, Garber’s claim fails. Without objection, Krebes
testified about and produced a document he prepared outlining his losses
attributable to Garber’s criminal activity. The amount he claimed was
$123,818.45. In contrast, Garber testified that she did not know how much
money she had stolen from Krebes. Krebes did acknowledge his use of money
from his business accounts to pay his mortgage and for personal spending. He
testified to the amount of the mortgage payment. Based on this testimony, the
trial court reduced the amount claimed by Krebes to $100,000. We find no
abuse of discretion here.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 34A02-1609-CR-2039 | May 30, 2017 Page 6 of 7 Conclusion [17] In light of the foregoing, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
[18] Affirmed.
Vaidik, C.J., and Najam, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 34A02-1609-CR-2039 | May 30, 2017 Page 7 of 7