Kuhlow v. State

397 So. 2d 165, 1980 Ala. Crim. App. LEXIS 1299
CourtCourt of Criminal Appeals of Alabama
DecidedJune 30, 1980
Docket5 Div. 495
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 397 So. 2d 165 (Kuhlow v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Kuhlow v. State, 397 So. 2d 165, 1980 Ala. Crim. App. LEXIS 1299 (Ala. Ct. App. 1980).

Opinions

TYSON, Judge.

Verne Harold William Kuhlow was indicted for the offense of rape, found “guilty as charged in the indictment” by the jury, and sentenced to thirty years imprisonment in the penitentiary.

The prosecutrix testified that, on July 29, 1979, she went to bed at 9:30 p. m. and was later awakened by the sound of pounding on her door. Before she was completely awake, someone covered her head with a greasy rag and told her, “Shut up or I’ll kill you.” The prosecutrix was then tied up and raped twice. She testified that she was a virgin prior to the rape incident and this testimony was corroborated at trial by a doctor who examined her the morning following the incident in question.

The prosecutrix indicated that the assailant had a northern accent and she stated that the “voice sounded like that of the appellant.”

The appellant testified that the prosecu-trix had consented to sexual intercourse, but became alarmed about the possibility of pregnancy when the appellant ejaculated within her. According to the appellant, he was also afraid that his wife would find out that they had had intercourse. He stated that he and the prosecutrix thereupon planned that the prosecutrix would pretend to have been raped so that in the event she did become pregnant she would be able to more easily obtain an abortion.

I

The appellant first contends on appeal that the clothing he wore on the night of the alleged rape was improperly introduced into evidence against him at trial.

Officer John C. Davis of the Auburn Police Department testified that he and Captain John Lockhart went to the appellant’s trailer the morning after the alleged rape and were admitted thereto by appellant’s wife. Officer Davis stated that he and the other officer knocked on the trailer door and, when Mrs. Kuhlow answered, the officers asked her if they could come in and ask her some questions. According to the offi[167]*167cers, she replied, “Yes. Appellant was not present at this time. In response to the officers’ questioning, Mrs. Kuhlow told them that, on the preceding night, her husband had been wearing a pair of jogging pants and a blue knit shirt. When asked if she had any objection to the officers taking the clothing with them she said she did not. Officer Davis denied telling Mrs. Kuhlow that the appellant had given the police permission to retrieve the items.

Mrs. Kuhlow, on the other hand, testified that she was asked by the police if she would answer some questions. She asked them “if it could wait until later” because she had a class at school to attend. According to Mrs. Kuhlow, the police said, “No, we have to talk to you now.” Once inside her trailer, Officers Lockhart and Davis told her that her husband had given them permission to take the clothes he had worn the previous evening and she, therefore, assumed that she could give them to the officers.

Appellant contends that the warrantless search of his trailer was in violation of the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, and, therefore, it was error to admit into evidence at trial the clothing recovered by the police officers from his trailer.

“Proper consent may constitute a waiver of Fourth Amendment rights, Zap v. United States, 328 U.S. 624, 66 S.Ct. 1277, 90 L.Ed. 1477 (1946), and makes a search warrant wholly unnecessary. Toston v. State, 333 So.2d 161 (Ala.Cr.App.1976). The voluntariness of consent to search is a question of fact to be determined from the totality of all the circumstances. Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218, 93 S.Ct. 2041, 36 L.Ed.2d 854 (1973); United States v. Smith, 543 F.2d 1141 (5th Cir. 1976).”
Barclay v. State, Ala.Cr.App., 368 So.2d 579, 580, cert. denied, Ala., 368 So.2d 581 (1979).

In Liptroth v. State, Ala.Cr.App., 335 So.2d 683, cert. denied, Ala., 335 So.2d 688 (1976), there was conflicting testimony adduced at trial regarding whether the wife of the appellant had voluntarily given police officers consent to search her trailer from which incriminating articles of clothing were found.

In Liptroth, supra, we said:

“The trial court ruled that the evidence should not be excluded as he believed the police officer’s version of the facts surrounding the consent rather than the version given by Mrs. Liptroth. Where there is conflicting evidence as to whether or not a party has consented to a search, the trial court is in the better position to determine consent or lack thereof. Jones v. State, 49 Ala.App. 438, 272 So.2d 910 (1973); Payton v. State, 47 Ala.App. 347, 254 So.2d 351 (1971). ...” Ala.Cr.App., 335 So.2d at 688.

Accordingly, we hold the trial court did not commit error in admitting appellant’s clothing in the present case. Harris v. State, Ala.Cr.App., 333 So.2d 871 (1976), and authorities cited.

II

Appellant next contends that the trial court erred in admitting evidence of samples of the defendant’s hair from his head and pubic region, fingernail scrapings, saliva, and his undershorts. Appellant insists that the taking of these samples from his person violated his rights under the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures.

On the morning after the alleged rape, the appellant was taken to the police station for questioning. While at the police station, the appellant was questioned by several officers. He was asked if he would give samples of hair from his head, pubic hair, and fingernail scrapings. One police officer testified that he answered, “Yes,” and another police officer testified that appellant said that he wanted to do everything possible to help clear up the matter.

In contrast to the officers’ testimony, the appellant testified that he was told by the police that he could not leave the station until he gave the requested physical samples.

[168]*168Thus, there was conflicting testimony regarding the appellant’s alleged consent to the taking of the samples and therefore this Court will not disturb the finding of the trial court in this regard absent clear abuse of discretion. Barclay v. State, supra; Liptroth v. State, supra, and authorities therein cited.

In addition to the taking of the hair and fingernail samples, the appellant also complains that he was compelled to give a saliva sample without a court order.

Appellant was arrested on August 2, 1979, and, on August 3, the district attorney obtained an order from the trial court compelling the appellant to submit to a blood test. While at the hospital for the blood test, the appellant was asked by the police to give a saliva sample. According to Officer Eugene Sparks, the appellant was hesitant, at first, but when the police told him they would get another court order, he agreed to furnish the saliva.

Clearly, this action by the police officer did not violate appellant’s rights. Hubbard v. State, 283 Ala. 183, 215 So.2d 261 (1968); McDade v. State, 49 Ala.App. 533, 274 So.2d 89 (1972); see Hill v. State,

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Related

Williams v. State
424 So. 2d 1371 (Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama, 1982)
Pennington v. State
420 So. 2d 845 (Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama, 1982)

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Bluebook (online)
397 So. 2d 165, 1980 Ala. Crim. App. LEXIS 1299, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/kuhlow-v-state-alacrimapp-1980.