Kubasco v. Kubasco

2012 Ohio 4072

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: September 4, 2012
• Docket: 2011CA00282
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as Kubasco v. Kubasco, 2012-Ohio-4072.]

COURT OF APPEALS STARK COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

CHRISTENA G. KUBASCO : JUDGES: : Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, P.J. Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. John W. Wise, J. : Hon. Julie A. Edwards, J. -vs- : : DALE M. KUBASCO : Case No. 2011CA00282 : Defendant-Appellant : OPINION

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, Case No. 2010DR00911

JUDGMENT: Affirmed

DATE OF JUDGMENT: September 4, 2012

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant

JOY S. WAGNER MICHAEL A. PARTLOW 507 West Park Avenue 623 West Saint Clair Barberton, OH 44203 Cleveland, OH 44113 Stark County, Case No. 2011CA00282 2

Farmer, J.

{¶1} On October 17, 1987, appellant, Dale Kubasco, and appellee, Christena

Kubasco, were married. At the time, appellee had three children from a prior

relationship. In 1996, appellant was convicted of sexually assaulting one of the

children, and is currently in prison.

{¶2} On July 15, 2010, appellee filed a complaint for divorce. Temporary

orders were filed on October 4, 2010 wherein appellant was ordered to pay appellee

temporary spousal support in the amount of $483.92 per month.

{¶3} A final hearing before a magistrate was held on April 14, 2011. By

decision filed August 31, 2011, the magistrate awarded appellee indefinite spousal

support in the amount of $454.59 per month. The magistrate also created a

constructive trust upon an account titled "The Dale M. Kubasco Trust" to ensure the

payment of temporary spousal support arrearages. Both parties filed objections. By

judgment entry filed November 21, 2011, the trial court approved and adopted the

magistrate's decision.

{¶4} Appellant filed an appeal and this matter is now before this court for

consideration. Assignments of error are as follows:

I

{¶5} "THE TRIAL COURT ERRED, AS A MATTER OF LAW BY ADOPTING

THE MAGISTRATE'S DECISION TO IMPOSE A 'CONSTRUCTIVE TRUST' UPON

THE CHARTER ONE BANK ACCOUNT IN THE NAME OF THE DALE M. KUBASCO

TRUST." Stark County, Case No. 2011CA00282 3

II

{¶6} "THE TRIAL COURT ERRED, AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION, IN

AWARDING SPOUSAL SUPPORT TO THE APPELLEE."

III

{¶7} HE TRIAL COURT ERRED, AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION, IN

AWARDING SPOUSAL SUPPORT FOR AN INDEFINITE PERIOD OF TIME."

{¶8} Appellant claims the trial court erred in creating a constructive trust on his

trust account. We disagree.

{¶9} "A constructive trust is an equitable creature which arises by operation of

law against one who holds the legal right to property which in equity and good

conscience belongs to another. Ferguson v. Owens (1984), 9 Ohio St.3d 223, 9 OBR

565, 459 N.E.2d 1293; 76 American Jurisprudence 2d (1975) 446, Trusts, Section 221."

American Diabetes Association, Inc. v. Diabetes Society of Clinton County (1986), 31

Ohio App.3d 136, 141.

{¶10} In his decision filed August 31, 2011, the magistrate ordered the following

at Conclusion of Law No. 14:

{¶11} "Temporary spousal support arrearages are due and payable in the

amount of $3564.85 representing seven months and eleven days from September 7,

2010 through April 7, 2011. Any unpaid temporary spousal support following the day of

the final hearing through the day of the filing of the Judgment Entry of Divorce shall

additionally be due and payable less any payments made during this time period. Said

temporary spousal support arrearages shall not merge but rather shall survive the filing Stark County, Case No. 2011CA00282 4

of the Final Decree of Divorce. Said temporary spousal support arrearages shall be

paid from the Defendant's separate funds on deposit at Charter One Bank specifically

from the checking account in the name of the Dale M. Kubasco Trust. A constructive

trust shall be imposed upon the funds on deposit in said account. A constructive trust is

an appropriate remedy because the Dale M. Kubasco Trust will be unjustly enriched

from funds provided by the Defendant which otherwise were payable to the Plaintiff and

were not paid in violation of the order of this court. See Ferguson v. Owens (1984), 9

Ohio St. 3d 223."

{¶12} Despite the temporary spousal support order and with funds available to

him, appellant did not pay spousal support during the pendency of the divorce.

Because the entire funds subject to the Qualified Domestic Relations Order (QDRO) are

for on-going spousal support, there is no way to assure payment of the arrearage

amount save for the constructive trust.

{¶13} Upon review, we find the trial court did not err in ordering a constructive

trust on the checking account.

{¶14} Assignment of Error I is denied.

II, III

{¶15} Appellant claims the trial court erred in ordering him "to pay all of his

available income" to appellee as spousal support and in awarding it for an indefinite

period of time. We disagree.

{¶16} A trial court has broad discretion in determining a spousal support award.

Neville v. Neville, 99 Ohio St.3d 275, 2003-Ohio-3624; Stevens v. Stevens (1986), 23

Ohio St.3d 115. In order to find an abuse of that discretion, we must determine the trial Stark County, Case No. 2011CA00282 5

court's decision was unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable and not merely an error

of law or judgment. Blakemore v. Blakemore (1983) 5 Ohio St.3d 217.

{¶17} R.C. 3105.18 governs spousal support. Subsection (C) states the

following:

{¶18} "(C)(1) In determining whether spousal support is appropriate and

reasonable, and in determining the nature, amount, and terms of payment, and duration

of spousal support, which is payable either in gross or in installments, the court shall

consider all of the following factors:

{¶19} "(a) The income of the parties, from all sources, including, but not limited

to, income derived from property divided, disbursed, or distributed under section

3105.171 of the Revised Code;

{¶20} "(b) The relative earning abilities of the parties;

{¶21} "(c) The ages and the physical, mental, and emotional conditions of the

parties;

{¶22} "(d) The retirement benefits of the parties;

{¶23} "(e) The duration of the marriage;

{¶24} "(f) The extent to which it would be inappropriate for a party, because that

party will be custodian of a minor child of the marriage, to seek employment outside the

home;

{¶25} "(g) The standard of living of the parties established during the marriage;

{¶26} "(h) The relative extent of education of the parties;

{¶27} "(i) The relative assets and liabilities of the parties, including but not limited

to any court-ordered payments by the parties; Stark County, Case No. 2011CA00282 6

{¶28} "(j) The contribution of each party to the education, training, or earning

ability of the other party, including, but not limited to, any party's contribution to the

acquisition of a professional degree of the other party;

{¶29} "(k) The time and expense necessary for the spouse who is seeking

spousal support to acquire education, training, or job experience so that the spouse will

be qualified to obtain appropriate employment, provided the education, training, or job

experience, and employment is, in fact, sought;

{¶30} "(l) The tax consequences, for each party, of an award of spousal support;

{¶31} "(m) The lost income production capacity of either party that resulted from

that party's marital responsibilities;

{¶32} "(n) Any other factor that the court expressly finds to be relevant and

equitable."

{¶33} The parties were married in 1987 and separated in 1996 because of

appellant's conviction on four counts of rape and subsequent incarceration. The divorce

was finalized in 2011. From Finding of Fact Nos. 41, 42, 43, 71, 73, 74, 76, and 77,

filed August 31, 2011, the following income was attributable to each party:

{¶34} "41. Plaintiff receives the sum of $180 per month in pension benefits.

{¶35} "42. Plaintiff's living expenses, which includes rent of $300, is in excess of

her unemployment and pension benefits.

{¶36} "43. Plaintiff has a checking and savings account at Huntington Bank with

a combined balance of $16.00.

{¶37} "71. His monthly pension benefit is $483.92. Stark County, Case No. 2011CA00282 7

{¶38} "73. Thereafter Defendant elected for his pension benefit to be direct

deposited into the Charter One checking account in the name of the Dale M. Kubasco

Trust.

{¶39} "74. Each month, the sum of $481.03 is direct deposited into the Charter

One checking account by the Maytag Corporation Employees' Retirement Plan.

{¶40} "76. Defendant has an income tax liability owed to the Internal Revenue

Service in the amount of $91,227.13 for the years 1995 and 1996.

{¶41} "77. No payments of temporary spousal support were made by the

Defendant during the pendency of the case."

{¶42} Based upon these facts, the trial court concluded the following at

Conclusion of Law Nos. 11 and 13:

{¶43} "11. Revised Code 3105.171(C)(1) requires an equal division of marital

property unless an equal division would be inequitable. Because there is no evidence

of the present value of the marital portion of the pensions, an equal division of the

pensions must consist of offsetting the marital portion of the parties' monthly benefits.

The monthly pension benefits that are the separate property of the Plaintiff, amounting

to $89.57 per month, shall be disbursed to the Plaintiff. The monthly pension benefits

that are the separate property of the Defendant, amounting to $334.82 per month, shall

be disbursed to the Defendant. The marital portion of Defendant's pension benefits

amounting to $149.10 per month shall be offset with the marital portion of Plaintiff's

pension benefits amounting to $90.43 per month. In order to achieve an equal division,

Plaintiff shall be granted one half of the net amount or $29.33 per month. In summary,

Plaintiff shall receive the entirety of her monthly pension benefits plus $29.33 per month Stark County, Case No. 2011CA00282 8

of the Defendant's benefits. Defendant shall receive the entirely of his benefits less

$29.33 per month, which is granted to the Plaintiff. The transfer of Plaintiff's interest in

Defendant's pension shall be effectuated through a Qualified Domestic Relations Order

(QDRO). Plaintiff shall be responsible for the preparation and costs of the QDRO.

{¶44} "13. Reasonable spousal support may be awarded pursuant to R.C.

3105.18(B) subsequent to a division of property upon the request of either party. Such

a request was made by the Plaintiff. In consideration of the factors set forth at

R.C.3105.18(C)(1), the following award of spousal support is appropriate and

reasonable. Effective the first month following the filing of the Judgment Entry of

Divorce, Defendant shall pay indefinite spousal support in the amount of $454.59 per

month. At the option of the Plaintiff, Defendant may make direct payments, pursuant to

R.C. 3121.441(A) or be payable through CSEA plus processing charges. In the event

the spousal support payments are direct, all payments made by the Defendant shall be

by check, money order, or in any other form such as a QDRO that establishes a clear

record of payment. The Judgment Entry of Divorce shall contain a provision which

specifically authorizes the court to modify the amount or term of spousal support in the

event the circumstances of either party should change. Further, spousal support shall

terminate upon the remarriage of the Plaintiff or the death of either party."

{¶45} Although sustainable, attorney fees were not awarded to either party.

{¶46} Appellant argues it was error to structure a spousal support order that

essentially denied him any income from his pension benefits, and to award appellee any

spousal support at all. In fact, the division of the parties' pensions was an appropriate

division of marital and separate property under R.C. 3105.171. Stark County, Case No. 2011CA00282 9

{¶47} Appellant argues his remaining income or his separate property was

awarded to appellee as spousal support. We note as a result of both parties being

employed full time at The Hoover Company, their lifestyle was high. Once appellant

quit working to care for his parents, their income was diminished by $42,000 and

appellee continued to work. T. at 15-16. The evidence establishes that after appellant

was convicted of four counts of raping his stepchild, appellee made an effort to remove

herself and the children from the area with funds she made from selling the house which

appellant had signed over to her. T. at 18-19, 28. Unfortunately, she returned to Ohio

unsuccessful at relocation and is currently unemployed. T. at 19, 22. She supports

herself on unemployment which will run out and a pension of $180 per month. T. at 22-

23. Appellant on the other hand is a guest of the citizens of Ohio with no expenses and

has an independent source of income from his mother's estate as well as an annuity.

See, Finding of Fact Nos. 55-65 and 67, filed August 31, 2011.

{¶48} Upon review, we find no abuse of discretion in the award, the amount, or

the duration of spousal support.

{¶49} Assignments of Error II and III are denied. Stark County, Case No. 2011CA00282 10

{¶50} The judgment of the Court of Common Pleas of Stark County, Ohio,

Domestic Relations Division is hereby affirmed.

By Farmer, P.J.

Wise, J. and

Edwards, J. concur.

s/ Sheila G. Farmer________________

s/ John W. Wise__________________

s/ Julie A. Edwards________________

JUDGES

SGF/sg 802 [Cite as Kubasco v. Kubasco, 2012-Ohio-4072.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR STARK COUNTY, OHIO

FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

CHRISTENA G. KUBASCO : : Plaintiff-Appellee : : -vs- : JUDGMENT ENTRY : DALE M. KUBASCO : : Defendant-Appellant : CASE NO. 2011CA00282

For the reasons stated in our accompanying Memorandum-Opinion, the

judgment of the Court of Common Pleas of Stark County, Ohio, Domestic Relations

Division is affirmed. Costs to appellant.