6 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON 7 AT SEATTLE 8
9 BRUCE KRIEGMAN, solely in his capacity Case No. C22-307RSM as court appointed Chapter 11 trustee for LLS 10 America, LLC, ORDER GRANTING MOTION TO 11 CERTIFY ISSUES TO THE Plaintiff, WASHINGTON SUPREME COURT 12 13 v.
14 RONALD PONTON, JR. and TOMIKA PONTON, 15 16 Defendants.
17 18 I. INTRODUCTION 19 This matter comes before the Court on Defendants Ronald Ponton, Jr. and Tomika 20 Ponton’s Motion to Certify Issues to the Washington Supreme Court. Dkt. #32. Defendants 21 22 argue that the following questions should be certified: (1) whether the situs of intangible assets is 23 the domicile of the owner in the context of garnishment of a bank account pursuant to RCW 6.27 24 et. seq., and (2) whether a Washington writ of garnishment directed to a financial institution that 25 has locations throughout the United States attaches to the judgment debtors' bank accounts 26 wherever located. Id. at 2-3. 27 28 II. BACKGROUND A judgment was entered against Defendants—who reside in Alabama—in the Eastern 1 2 District of Washington for $117,411 in 2015. See Dkt. #13-7. Plaintiff registered the judgment 3 in King County, Washington in 2022. See Dkt. #1-1. Plaintiff Bruce Kriegman, Chapter 11 4 trustee, filed an application for a writ of garnishment with the Superior Court in King County 5 naming JP Morgan Chase Bank (“Chase”) as the garnishee. See Dkt. #1-2. Defendants removed 6 the action to this Court. See Dkt. #1. Defendants challenged jurisdiction arguing that since they 7 8 are Alabama residents and the situs of their bank deposits is Alabama, the bank deposits cannot 9 be garnished from the state of Washington. See Dkt. #18. This Court denied Defendants’ motion 10 to quash the writ, finding the exercise of in rem jurisdiction did not violate due process. See Dkt. 11 #28 (reasoning that “the garnishee undeniably has contacts with this forum and holds accounts 12 13 with Defendants’ funds”). 14 III. DISCUSSION 15 Defendants now seek this relief arguing that their deposit accounts are intangible personal 16 property, the situs of which, under Washington law, is Alabama not Washington. See Dkt. #32 17 at 5-6 (citing In re Grady's Est., 79 Wn. 2d 41, 43, 483 P.2d 114, 115 (1971) (noting “[p[ersonal 18 19 property has its situs at the domicile of the owner”); In re Lloyd's Est., 185 Wn. 61, 62, 52 P.2d 20 1269, 1270 (1936) (stating that “for the purpose of establishing a basis for administration, simple 21 contracts debts are considered as having their situs at the domicile of the debtor”)). 22 Plaintiff responds, agreeing that the situs of a bank account is the domicile of the owner, 23 conceding the first question. See Dkt. #39 at 3. Nonetheless, they go on to argue that quasi in 24 25 rem jurisdiction permits the enforcement of a judgment in a forum where Defendants maintain 26 assets. Id. at 5. Plaintiff cited Glencore Grain Rotterdam B.V. v. Shivnath Rai Harnarain Co., 27 284 F. 3d 1114, 1127 (9th Cir. 2002), which cites Shaffer v. Heitner, 433 U.S. 186, 210, 97 S. Ct. 28 2569, 53 L. Ed. 2d 683 (1977). Shaffer states that “[o]nce it has been determined by a court of 1 2 competent jurisdiction that the defendant is a debtor of the plaintiff, there would seem to be no 3 unfairness in allowing an action to realize on that debt in a State where the defendant has property, 4 whether or not that State would have jurisdiction to determine the existence of the debt as an 5 original matter.” Shaffer v. Heitner at 210 n. 36, 97 S.Ct. 2569. Defendants argue that with 6 Plaintiff conceding the situs of Defendants’ bank account to be in Alabama, Plaintiff’s prior 7 8 arguments relying on Shaffer no longer apply. See Dkt. #40 at 1-2. They opine that if the situs 9 of the bank account is in Alabama, Defendants have no assets in Washington, and thus this Court 10 has no jurisdiction. Id. However, the Court has already ruled that jurisdiction exists here. See 11 Dkt. #28. 12 13 Plaintiff next argues that per RCW 6.27.080, if the writ names the financial institution, 14 garnishment is open to wherever the funds are located throughout the United States. See Dkt. #39 15 at 3-4. Defendants argue that Plaintiff is interpreting the statute too broadly. See Dkt. #40 at 3- 16 4. Additionally, they assert that because there is a presumption against territoriality and there is 17 no case law or legislative history on the question in dispute—whether writ of garnishment attaches 18 19 to the judgment debtor’s accounts wherever located—this question should be certified to the 20 Washington Supreme Court. Id.; see also RJR Nabisco, Inc. v. Eur. Cmty., 579 U.S. 325, 335, 21 136 S. Ct. 2090, 2100, 195 L. Ed. 2d 476 (2016) (noting “when a statute gives no clear indication 22 of an extraterritorial application, there is none”). The garnishment statute provides: “[a] writ 23 naming the financial institution as the garnishee defendant shall be effective only to attach 24 25 deposits of the defendant in the financial institution and compensation payable for personal 26 services due the defendant from the financial institution.” RCW 6.27.080(3). In a separate 27 paragraph, the statute says “[a] writ of garnishment is effective against property in the possession 28 or control of a financial institution only if the writ of garnishment is directed to and names a 1 2 branch as garnishee defendant.” RCW 6.27.080(3). 3 Defendants argue, inter alia, that courts in other jurisdictions have dismissed garnishment 4 when a federal district court incorrectly found bank deposits to be located wherever they could 5 be withdrawn. See Dkt. #32 at 8 (citing Macatawa Bank v. Wipperfurth, 294 Mich.App. 617, 822 6 N.W.2d 237 (2011)). They also assert that policy considerations weigh in favor of certification 7 8 in this case. Id. 9 Certification is appropriate when a question of local law has not been determined by the 10 Washington courts and the answer to the question is outcome determinative. Centurion 11 Properties III, LLC v. Chicago Title Ins. Co., 793 F.3d 1087, 1090 (9th Cir. 2015). Ultimately, 12 13 “[t]he decision to certify a question to a state supreme court rests in the sound discretion of the 14 district court.” Eckard Brandes, Inc. v. Riley, 338 F.3d 1082, 1087 (9th Cir. 2003). 15 Plaintiff does not adequately address why certification is not appropriate under these 16 circumstances and does not deny any of the legal authority cited by Defendants. The Court agrees 17 that the answer to this question is outcome determinative and finds that there is a valid basis for 18 19 certifying the following question to the Washington State Supreme Court: Under RCW 6.27.080
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6 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON 7 AT SEATTLE 8
9 BRUCE KRIEGMAN, solely in his capacity Case No. C22-307RSM as court appointed Chapter 11 trustee for LLS 10 America, LLC, ORDER GRANTING MOTION TO 11 CERTIFY ISSUES TO THE Plaintiff, WASHINGTON SUPREME COURT 12 13 v.
14 RONALD PONTON, JR. and TOMIKA PONTON, 15 16 Defendants.
17 18 I. INTRODUCTION 19 This matter comes before the Court on Defendants Ronald Ponton, Jr. and Tomika 20 Ponton’s Motion to Certify Issues to the Washington Supreme Court. Dkt. #32. Defendants 21 22 argue that the following questions should be certified: (1) whether the situs of intangible assets is 23 the domicile of the owner in the context of garnishment of a bank account pursuant to RCW 6.27 24 et. seq., and (2) whether a Washington writ of garnishment directed to a financial institution that 25 has locations throughout the United States attaches to the judgment debtors' bank accounts 26 wherever located. Id. at 2-3. 27 28 II. BACKGROUND A judgment was entered against Defendants—who reside in Alabama—in the Eastern 1 2 District of Washington for $117,411 in 2015. See Dkt. #13-7. Plaintiff registered the judgment 3 in King County, Washington in 2022. See Dkt. #1-1. Plaintiff Bruce Kriegman, Chapter 11 4 trustee, filed an application for a writ of garnishment with the Superior Court in King County 5 naming JP Morgan Chase Bank (“Chase”) as the garnishee. See Dkt. #1-2. Defendants removed 6 the action to this Court. See Dkt. #1. Defendants challenged jurisdiction arguing that since they 7 8 are Alabama residents and the situs of their bank deposits is Alabama, the bank deposits cannot 9 be garnished from the state of Washington. See Dkt. #18. This Court denied Defendants’ motion 10 to quash the writ, finding the exercise of in rem jurisdiction did not violate due process. See Dkt. 11 #28 (reasoning that “the garnishee undeniably has contacts with this forum and holds accounts 12 13 with Defendants’ funds”). 14 III. DISCUSSION 15 Defendants now seek this relief arguing that their deposit accounts are intangible personal 16 property, the situs of which, under Washington law, is Alabama not Washington. See Dkt. #32 17 at 5-6 (citing In re Grady's Est., 79 Wn. 2d 41, 43, 483 P.2d 114, 115 (1971) (noting “[p[ersonal 18 19 property has its situs at the domicile of the owner”); In re Lloyd's Est., 185 Wn. 61, 62, 52 P.2d 20 1269, 1270 (1936) (stating that “for the purpose of establishing a basis for administration, simple 21 contracts debts are considered as having their situs at the domicile of the debtor”)). 22 Plaintiff responds, agreeing that the situs of a bank account is the domicile of the owner, 23 conceding the first question. See Dkt. #39 at 3. Nonetheless, they go on to argue that quasi in 24 25 rem jurisdiction permits the enforcement of a judgment in a forum where Defendants maintain 26 assets. Id. at 5. Plaintiff cited Glencore Grain Rotterdam B.V. v. Shivnath Rai Harnarain Co., 27 284 F. 3d 1114, 1127 (9th Cir. 2002), which cites Shaffer v. Heitner, 433 U.S. 186, 210, 97 S. Ct. 28 2569, 53 L. Ed. 2d 683 (1977). Shaffer states that “[o]nce it has been determined by a court of 1 2 competent jurisdiction that the defendant is a debtor of the plaintiff, there would seem to be no 3 unfairness in allowing an action to realize on that debt in a State where the defendant has property, 4 whether or not that State would have jurisdiction to determine the existence of the debt as an 5 original matter.” Shaffer v. Heitner at 210 n. 36, 97 S.Ct. 2569. Defendants argue that with 6 Plaintiff conceding the situs of Defendants’ bank account to be in Alabama, Plaintiff’s prior 7 8 arguments relying on Shaffer no longer apply. See Dkt. #40 at 1-2. They opine that if the situs 9 of the bank account is in Alabama, Defendants have no assets in Washington, and thus this Court 10 has no jurisdiction. Id. However, the Court has already ruled that jurisdiction exists here. See 11 Dkt. #28. 12 13 Plaintiff next argues that per RCW 6.27.080, if the writ names the financial institution, 14 garnishment is open to wherever the funds are located throughout the United States. See Dkt. #39 15 at 3-4. Defendants argue that Plaintiff is interpreting the statute too broadly. See Dkt. #40 at 3- 16 4. Additionally, they assert that because there is a presumption against territoriality and there is 17 no case law or legislative history on the question in dispute—whether writ of garnishment attaches 18 19 to the judgment debtor’s accounts wherever located—this question should be certified to the 20 Washington Supreme Court. Id.; see also RJR Nabisco, Inc. v. Eur. Cmty., 579 U.S. 325, 335, 21 136 S. Ct. 2090, 2100, 195 L. Ed. 2d 476 (2016) (noting “when a statute gives no clear indication 22 of an extraterritorial application, there is none”). The garnishment statute provides: “[a] writ 23 naming the financial institution as the garnishee defendant shall be effective only to attach 24 25 deposits of the defendant in the financial institution and compensation payable for personal 26 services due the defendant from the financial institution.” RCW 6.27.080(3). In a separate 27 paragraph, the statute says “[a] writ of garnishment is effective against property in the possession 28 or control of a financial institution only if the writ of garnishment is directed to and names a 1 2 branch as garnishee defendant.” RCW 6.27.080(3). 3 Defendants argue, inter alia, that courts in other jurisdictions have dismissed garnishment 4 when a federal district court incorrectly found bank deposits to be located wherever they could 5 be withdrawn. See Dkt. #32 at 8 (citing Macatawa Bank v. Wipperfurth, 294 Mich.App. 617, 822 6 N.W.2d 237 (2011)). They also assert that policy considerations weigh in favor of certification 7 8 in this case. Id. 9 Certification is appropriate when a question of local law has not been determined by the 10 Washington courts and the answer to the question is outcome determinative. Centurion 11 Properties III, LLC v. Chicago Title Ins. Co., 793 F.3d 1087, 1090 (9th Cir. 2015). Ultimately, 12 13 “[t]he decision to certify a question to a state supreme court rests in the sound discretion of the 14 district court.” Eckard Brandes, Inc. v. Riley, 338 F.3d 1082, 1087 (9th Cir. 2003). 15 Plaintiff does not adequately address why certification is not appropriate under these 16 circumstances and does not deny any of the legal authority cited by Defendants. The Court agrees 17 that the answer to this question is outcome determinative and finds that there is a valid basis for 18 19 certifying the following question to the Washington State Supreme Court: Under RCW 6.27.080, 20 does a Washington writ of garnishment directed to a financial institution that has locations 21 throughout the United States attach to a judgment debtor’s bank accounts where the situs is in 22 another state? 23 IV. CONCLUSION 24 25 Having reviewed the relevant pleadings and the remainder of the record, the Court hereby 26 finds and ORDERS that Defendants’ Motion to Certify Question to the Washington Supreme 27 Court, Dkt. #32, is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part. 28 The Clerk is DIRECTED to submit to the Washington Supreme Court certified copies of 1 2 this Order and a copy of the docket in the above-captioned matter. The Clerk shall notify the 3 parties as soon as possible, but no more than three days, after the above described record is filed 4 with the Washington Supreme Court. 5
6 DATED this 20th day of October, 2022. 7 8 9 A 10 11 RICARDO S. MARTINEZ UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 12 13
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