Koons v. Wilkin

2 A.D. 13, 37 N.Y.S. 640, 73 N.Y. St. Rep. 234

• Court: Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York
• Decided: February 15, 1896
• Status: Published

Opinion

Hardin, P. J.:

Plaintiff is assignee of a claim -for casket and funeral services furnished for the burial of one Shannon, at the instance of his daughter. Subsequent to the biirial the defendants were appointed his administrators with, the will annexed-,' and received personal assets of his estate. They caused to be published a notice for the presentment of claims and plaintiff elected to present his claim to 'the defehdants, who rejectedthe same, and this action was brought more than six months after the claim was' so rejected, and the defendants set tip as a defense the short Statute of Limitations., It ■does not appear that a written consent was filed'“that said claim may he heard and determined ” by the surrogate upon the judicial 'settlement of the accounts of the administrators, as provided by section 1822 of the Code of Civil Procedure.

Section 1814 of the Code of 'Oi.vil Procedure provides that in ■an action against an administrator, “ without describing him in his representative capacity, cannot be enforced against the property of the decedent, except by-the special direction of the court.”

Section 1815 of the Code of Civil Procedure provides for an 'action against an executor or administrator personally, “and.also in his representative capacity,” in certain enumerated cases, one- of them being' where.the complaint “states facts which render it ■uncertain in which capacity the cause of action exists against him.”

The complaint in the case in hand does not allege an express- contract by the defendants in their personal or representative capacity, 'and the pleader may have framed his- complaint under the provisions just quoted. It may be assumed upon the facts stated that 'the law implies a promise upon which a recovery may he had* and* 'that the assets of the. decedent’s estate are- liable for the expenditures sought to be recovered. (Patterson v. Patterson, 59 N. Y. 574.)

Plaintiff seems to-have elected to make his “ claim ” against the -estate represented by the defendants. The language of section 1822 ■of the Code' of Civil Procedure seéms to be broad enough to apply to such a case; it says: “ Where' an executor or -administrator disputes or rejects a claim against the'' estate of a decedentj exhibited to him, either before or after the commencement of the publication :of a notice . requiring the presentation' of claims * - * ■ * • the -claimant must commence an action for- the recovery thereof against the executor or administrator within six months after the dispute or rejection. "" ** *” The object of this section seems, in prescribing a short limitation, to be to facilitate the early settlement of estates, and is as applicable to claims arising after the death against her estate as to debts arising beforé. The provision allowing the parties to' file a written consent that a claim may be heard and determined by the surrogate at the time of-the settlement of the estate pursuant to section 2743, as well as the provisions of this section, that the decree to' be made “must direct the payment and distribution ” of whatever of funds are ready for distribution to the persons entitled according to their respective rights, favors this construction of the statute.

The foregoing views, as well as those expressed in the opinion of Adams, J.,

* delivered at the Circuit, lead us to affirm the judgment overruling the plaintiffs demurrer to a portion of the answer.

All concurred except Adams, J., not sitting.

Judgment affirmed, with costs.

The following is tlie opinion of Adams, J., above referred to.

Adams, J. :

The portion of the answer demurred to is that which sets up the short Statute of Limitation as a bar to the plaintiff’s cause of action.

The action is brought to recover the purchase price of the burial casket fhrnished and the value of the services rendered at the funeral of one Daniel Shannon by Amanda Green, an undertaker, the claim therefor having been assigned to this plaintiff prior to the commencement of this action.

The defendants are duly appointed administrators, with the will annexed, pf the estate of Daniel Shannon, deceased, and the claim in question, properly verified, was duly presented to and rejected by them in their official capacity, except the sum of thirty dollars, which they admit is still un-paid upon said claim, and this amount they offer to allow and pay.

By virtue of the provisions of chapter 456 of the Laws of 1890 any executor or administrator is permitted, at any time after the granting of letters testamentary or of administration, to advertise for the. presentation of claims against the "deceased,” and section 1822 of the Code of Civil Procedure provides that when the executor or administrator "rejects a claim against the estate of a decedent * "" * the claimant must commence an action for the recovery thereof against the executor or administrator within six months after the dispute or rejection or, if no part of the debt is then due, within six months after a part thereof becomes due; in default whereof, he, and all the persons claiming under him, are forever barred from maintaining such an action.”

It-is insisted that this demand being one which arose subsequent to the death of Shannon is not a claim against his estate, but against the defendants individually. That the courts were disposed at one time to take this view of the question is quite clear (Ferrin v. Myrick, 41 N. Y. 315; Austin v. Munro, 47 id. 360-366) and I think that such is unquestionably the rule still, so far. as it relates to contracts made with executors upon a new and independent consideration, although made in the interest and for the benefit of the estate they represent, but the later cases seem inclined to make an exception as to claims' arising upon account of funeral expenses.

By the terms of section 16, chapter 6, title 2 of part 2 of the Revised Statutes, an executor is permitted to pay the funeral expenses of the testator even before taking out his letters testamentary. These expenses, while in one sense not a. debt against the estate, are treated as a charge upon the estate, and as such it is-quite proper that they should be assumed and paid by the personal representatives of the decedent, whose duty it sometimes becomes to see that proper funeral services are rendered. This view of the question is quite clearly presented in the case of Patterson v. Patterson (59 N. Y. 574-585), and has been adopted by the General Term of this department as the correct and proper one. (Dalrymple. v. Arnold, 21 Hun, 110 ; Laird v. Arnold, 25 id. 4; Matter of Laird v. Arnold, 42 id. 136.)

That the plaintiff entertained the same idea is made apparent by the fact that, he presented the claim in suit to the defendants, as administrators, insisting that it was a demand against the estate.of their testator which they were bound to* pay ; and if the authorities last cited are to be followed, rather than those which adopt the contrary rule (Tracy v. Frost, 11 N. Y. Supp. 561; Murphy v. Naughton, 68 Hun, 424), I can see no reason why he was not justified in taking this position.

'At all-events*, having elected to-treat the claim as one against the estate, and, when it was rejected, having neglected to bring suit against the administrators within six months thereafter, it would seem as though he ought now to be precluded from any right to maintain an action thereon against the defendants: individually.

The demimrer is, therefore, overruled, with costs to abide the event of the action,.'