Kitzinger v. Gulf Power Co.

432 So. 2d 188
CourtDistrict Court of Appeal of Florida
DecidedMay 25, 1983
DocketAO-99
StatusPublished
Cited by10 cases

This text of 432 So. 2d 188 (Kitzinger v. Gulf Power Co.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court of Appeal of Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Kitzinger v. Gulf Power Co., 432 So. 2d 188 (Fla. Ct. App. 1983).

Opinion

432 So.2d 188 (1983)

Ronald W. KITZINGER and Delores V. Kitzinger, Appellants,
v.
GULF POWER COMPANY, Appellee.

No. AO-99.

District Court of Appeal of Florida, First District.

May 25, 1983.

*189 Stephen H. Echsner of Levin, Warfield, Middlebrooks, Mabie, Thomas, Mayes & Mitchell, Pensacola, for appellants.

Robert P. Gaines of Beggs & Lane, Pensacola, for appellee.

ROBERT P. SMITH, Jr., Chief Judge.

A corner of the Kitzingers' house in Pensacola, built in 1975 upon land they acquired that year in fee, extends 18.06 feet into a 100-foot wide electrical transmission line easement that Gulf Power acquired in the area, by recorded grant, in 1926. By this suit filed in 1981, Gulf Power sought a mandatory injunction for removal of the house or its offending corner. That the circuit judge denied. The proof was that moving the house would cost $77,000, more than its value, that remodeling the corner would cost $35,000, and that the house as built does not interfere with Gulf Power's past, present and now foreseeable use of the easement. At present the only improvements in the easement are several overhanging 115,000 volt conductors, or lines, about fifty feet from the house.

But the court found also that Gulf Power may one day wish to suspend other transmission lines within the easement nearer the Kitzingers' house. In that event, Gulf Power's witnesses testified, the house will encroach eight feet or more into the safety zone parallel to the conductors if they are conventionally hung, so requiring additional construction costs, estimated at $30,000 or more, to hang the conductors vertically instead of horizontally.

Wishing to avoid what the court plainly considered to be two bad choices — mandatorily enjoining the removal of a home that offers no immediate interference with Gulf Power's present and foreseen use of the easement, or blinking at what was considered a continuing encroachment upon Gulf Power's present legal rights and its future construction options, the court rendered a decision reminiscent of Solomon's offer, splitting the difference. The court imposed a lien in an unliquidated amount upon the Kitzingers' property, running with the land and "superior to the rights of the defendants, their heirs, grantees or assigns," to secure payment of the "additional construction cost that may be incurred in order to safely build a power line in view of the presence of the encroaching dwelling." The judgment provided that should Gulf Power wish to erect lines within the easement near the house, "it shall notify the then owners of the property ... of its estimate of the increased cost of construction required to avoid the encroachment," whereupon the owners shall either remove the encroachment or pay Gulf Power's additional construction cost. Failing that, the lien presumably would be judicially foreclosed.

From this judgment the Kitzingers appeal. Though we reject the Kitzingers' statute of limitations or laches defense, we give effect to undisputed evidence that the Kitzingers' house is no present interference with Gulf Power's beneficial use of its easement. The lien is unnecessary either to interrupt adverse possession under color of title or to preserve Gulf Power's right reasonably to use its easement in the future. Moreover, such a lien is improperly imposed upon a Florida homestead in the circumstances here present. We therefore reverse and remand for an award of nominal damages only.

The Kitzingers' brick veneer residence and home property front some 270 feet on Wymart Road. That frontage is one of two *190 essentially equal sides of a triangle having a 400-foot base, which is the rear property line. Gulf Power's easement, described in the grant by metes and bounds from a section corner about a half-mile distant, and evidenced on the ground by surveying monuments and tags on power poles near but not on the Kitzingers' property, intersects and crosses the property almost entirely within and parallel to its rear boundary, so covering half the depth of the triangular parcel, more than half its area, and a rear corner of the residence, as previously stated, to a depth of 18.06 feet.

Though Gulf Power's easement is wide enough if unimpeded to accommodate two parallel and independent sets of poles and lines, since 1926 the easement has contained but one set of poles with crossbars from which 115,000 volt lines are suspended. The half of the easement width nearer the Kitzingers' house has never been so occupied and most of it was not cleared and maintained to Gulf Power until 1977. According to Gulf Power's witness, there are no plans to erect new lines and poles within the easement either on the Kitzingers' property or elsewhere in the vicinity:

Q. And to your knowledge, Gulf Power has no plans to construct a transmission line in that area?
A. I don't know of any.
Q. How is the presence of the home interfering with your right to maintain the property?
A. I wouldn't say that it was, it would not interfere at this time.
Q. So the structure [the corner of the house], if it's in the easement is not interfering with your use of the easement?
A. Not at this time, no... .
Q. What type of harm will your corporation suffer if that home is not removed?
A. I could not say. I don't know.
.....
Q. Is the use of the property presently the same use that Gulf Power made of the property in 1926, sir?
A. At this time?
Q. Yes.
A. Yes.
Q. And are there any plans for increasing that use at this time?
A. Like I said, I don't know anything about the planning stage. I know if we continue to grow in that area it will be utilized at some date, but I don't know of any plans at this time.
Q. Has the presence of the Kitzinger home prevented adequate ingress or egress from the easement?
A. No.
Q. Has the presence of the Kitzinger home ever endangered any of the workers on the easement?
A. No.
Q. Has the presence of the Kitzinger home ever interfered with Gulf Power's ability to transmit electricity to its customers?
A. No.

The Kitzingers' statute of limitations or laches defense is that Gulf Power's action, not for trespass but on the case, was barred four years after Gulf Power had notice in 1975 of the offending structure. Secs. 95.11(3)(p), 95.11(6), Fla. Stat. (1981).[1] Gulf Power counters by citation to section 95.12, which provides that an "action to recover real property or its possession" may be maintained within seven years after "the person seeking recovery ... was seized or possessed of the property... ." The Kitzingers' reasoning overlooks that their house is a continuing encroachment upon the easement. Gulf Power's citation to section 95.12 also misses the mark conceptually; *191 as owner of an easement only, a right of user superior to that of the servient fee owners but not exclusive of their title or possessory rights, Gulf Power is not now and was never "seized or possessed" of the property in the sense prescribed by section 95.12. See the authorities collected in Florida Power Corporation v. McNeely, 125 So.2d 311, 315-16 (Fla. 2d DCA 1960), cert. den., 138 So.2d 341 (Fla. 1961).

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