King v. New York State Division of Parole

190 A.D.2d 423, 598 N.Y.S.2d 245, 1993 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 5474
CourtAppellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York
DecidedJune 3, 1993
StatusPublished
Cited by46 cases

This text of 190 A.D.2d 423 (King v. New York State Division of Parole) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
King v. New York State Division of Parole, 190 A.D.2d 423, 598 N.Y.S.2d 245, 1993 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 5474 (N.Y. Ct. App. 1993).

Opinion

OPINION OF THE COURT

Per Curiam.

Petitioner has been a prison inmate for 22 years, following his conviction, in May 1971, upon a jury verdict, of murder, manslaughter in the second degree, attempted robbery in the first degree, assault in the first degree and possession of a dangerous weapon. The charges arose out of the shooting death of an off-duty police officer during the robbery of a fast food restaurant by two men on May 25, 1970. Petitioner was the only person arrested and tried for the crime. He was never indicted for intentional murder but was convicted under the felony murder statute (Penal Law § 125.25 [former (3)]), requiring an intention on the part of the defendant to commit the underlying felony, here robbery, but not requiring proof either that the defendant fired the weapon or that he had an intention to kill.

Under the statutory scheme then in place, if the court was satisfied that the "victim of the crime was a peace officer who was killed in the course of performing his official duties” (Penal Law former § 125.30 [1] [a] [i]) the matter could be referred to a jury, which would then determine whether to impose the death penalty (Penal Law former § 125.35; see also, People v Fitzpatrick, 32 NY2d 499, cert denied 414 US 1033, 1050, subsequently holding the imposition of the death penalty under these statutes unconstitutional). In this case, the matter was so referred and the second jury declined to impose the death penalty. Petitioner was thereupon sentenced to 25 years to life in prison. In 1987, after the United States Court [425]*425of Appeals for the Second Circuit found that petitioner’s sentence was constitutionally invalid because the sentencing Judge had misunderstood the date petitioner would become eligible for parole (King v Hoke, 825 F2d 720), petitioner was resentenced.

At petitioner’s resentencing, defense counsel attempted to raise the issue of whether petitioner should be sentenced based on the assumption that he had fired the fatal shot or whether the court should assume that it had been fired by the other, unapprehended, perpetrator. Clearly, while this factor would have no relevance on the issue of guilt or innocence of the crime of felony murder, it could well have an impact on sentence. At petitioner’s trial, the prosecution had proceeded on the theory that petitioner was the shooter. Defense counsel claimed that ballistics evidence had since emerged demonstrating that petitioner could not have been the shooter and correctly pointed out that the Kings County District Attorney’s office, in its brief to the Second Circuit, had since conceded that petitioner had not fired the shot. Despite this concession, the prosecutor at the resentencing asserted, without qualification, that petitioner was named as the shooter in the opening and summation at trial, and the resentencing Judge refused to even consider the issue. The court then sentenced petitioner to a term less than the maximum, i.e., 20 years to life, which meant that he would first become eligible for parole release on May 28, 1990.

Petitioner’s first appearance before the Parole Board resulted in a denial of his application which was subsequently vacated based on the fact that Commissioner Gerald M. Burke had improperly served on both the original panel and the appellate panel. Petitioner was granted a new hearing, which took place in October 1991. At its close, his application was denied and he was rescheduled for a new appearance in two years, the longest deferment period available to the Board. However, because the two years were to run nunc pro tunc from the original denial, his next appearance, the one which is the basis of this appeal, occurred only four months after the previous denial. Prior to this appearance, petitioner submitted a request that the materials submitted in connection with his previous recent appearance in October 1991 be reviewed again in connection with this appearance.

These submissions establish that petitioner’s record while in prison has been exemplary. Although entering prison at age 21 with a learning disability and a fifth-grade reading level, [426]*426he has since, through his use of programs available through the Department of Correctional Services, earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in sociology from the State University of New York, Empire State College. Petitioner has extensively participated and played a leadership role in Community Awareness Programs devoted to helping youths avoid trouble with the law, in self-help programs for physically challenged inmates and in veterans assistance programs. He has received letters of commendation from officials in all of the facilities in which he has been incarcerated and has participated in many invaluable programs, including inmate liaison and grievance committees, and has served as an officer of chapters of the NAACP, the Jaycees, the American Legion and religious organizations.

Other information before the October panel which also was submitted to the February 1992 panel established that, at the time of his arrest, petitioner was 21 years old and a heroin user but had had no prior contacts with the law. He was also a Vietnam era veteran, who, although he did not serve overseas, was disabled during his service by a foot injury. In the event of his release to parole supervision, petitioner would reside with his father at his home in the Bronx. In addition, petitioner submitted a letter establishing that, upon his release, he would have a job in the offices of a State Senator in Bronx County.

On February 14, 1992, petitioner appeared before a panel composed of Commissioners Gerald M. Burke, Maria Buchanan and Thomas W. Biddle. Among the comments of Commissioner Burke at the hearing were the following:

"You have served twenty-two years and you are [a] mature man. And you had good capacity when you started. I mean you were a bright guy. You had the capacity to really succeed educationally. And the programs were available. And you did it. And you’ve got now a BS in sociology and you are doing very well. As an inmate you have almost no peer. Although there are others like you.
"You have done very, very well. And no one can take that from you. No one should take that from you.
"On the other hand, we don’t know what to do with murder in this society.
"You know, for thousands of years of recorded history if you killed somebody to the level of murder — you didn’t do it accidentally — they killed you. It was like a simple process. [427]*427Unless you were the king; then you can do whatever you wanted anyway.
"So, only in the 19th century, one little piece of time from all reported history, do we have the idea about doing something about not killing them, and maybe we should have no executions for murder convictions, or we should have, as in your case, we should have two juries decide, one jury would decide whether he committed murder and then impanel another jury and that would decide whether he should be put to death or not. And that actually happened in your case * * *
"The second jury recommended against the death penalty. The first jury to consider that historically in New York State was a fellow by the name of Blaut and he hit the first jury and they said, 'Execute him.’
"Nevertheless, that is kind of immaterial, but it can cut both ways. People didn’t think it would.

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Bluebook (online)
190 A.D.2d 423, 598 N.Y.S.2d 245, 1993 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 5474, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/king-v-new-york-state-division-of-parole-nyappdiv-1993.