IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON DIVISION ONE
In the Matter of Marriage of ) No. 74331-7-1 ) KIMBERLY ARZABAL, ) ) Appellant, ) ) and ) ) CHRISTOPHER ARZABAL, ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION ) •••••• Respondent. ) FILED: January 23, 2017 ••••• :7" ••".
) • •
VERELLEN, C.J. — Kimberly Arzabal appeals the superior court's denial of her 1••••
motion to vacate pursuant to CR 60. Because the denial of the motion to vacate did
not constitute a final judgment for purposes of RAP 2.2(a)(1) and (10), we dismiss the
appeal.
FACTS
Kimberley and Christopher Arzaball were divorced on March 28, 2013, and
Christopher was ordered to pay $2,000 per month in spousal maintenance for a
period of five years commencing April 1, 2013. On March 23, 2015, Christopher filed
a pro se "Motion to Remove" spousal maintenance, claiming that he could not afford
to pay $2,000 per month. After a hearing on April 7, 2015, Whatcom County
1 For clarity, we refer to the Arzabals by their first names. No. 74331-7-1/2
Commissioner Heydrich denied Christopher's motion, finding that "at this time"
Christopher had not met his burden of proof of a substantial change in
circumstances/income.2
Christopher obtained counsel and filed a "Motion for Modification" on May 6,
2015. He sought to modify two orders: an allegedly mistaken wage assignment order
entered April 7, 2015, and the original 2013 maintenance order based upon a change
of income. In support of his motion, Christopher filed his own declaration and a
declaration from his employer.
On May 15, 2015, Kimberly filed a response, in part claiming that
Christopher's "Motion for Modification" was the same as his earlier "Motion to
Remove" spousal maintenance.
After a hearing and submission of financial declarations by both parties,
Whatcom County Commissioner Henley determined there had been an unforeseen
and substantial change in Christopher's circumstances that affected his ability to earn
income and pay maintenance. On June 16, 2015, Commissioner Henley entered an
order reducing Christopher's maintenance obligation to $598.85 per month, effective
May 6, 2015.
Kimberly moved to revise Commissioner Henley's decision, in part claiming
res judicata and collateral estoppel. Christopher filed a response claiming that res
judicata did not preclude his motion to modify because the commissioner's decision
at the earlier hearing was based only on Christopher's failure as a pro se litigant to
make the showing required for modification.
2 Clerk's Papers (CP) at 55.
2 No. 74331-7-1/3
On June 26, 2015, Whatcom County Superior Court Judge Snyder heard
Kimberly's motion for revision. On September 18, 2015, the superior court entered a
written order setting aside the commissioner's June 16, 2015 order and remanding to
the commissioner to determine "whether the Defendant's change of circumstances is
voluntary and whether the modification should be a complete reduction or a
temporary suspension so that maintenance arrears would still accrue."3 On
September 22, 2015, Christopher filed a motion for determination of the additional
facts and for an order reinstating the earlier ruling.
On October 12, 2015, Kimberly filed a motion to vacate pursuant to CR 60.
She sought to vacate the June 16, 2015 order entered by Commissioner Henley and
the September 18, 2015 order entered by Judge Snyder, as well as Christopher's
May 6, 2015 "Motion for Modification of Orders." Kimberly claimed that Christopher's
March 23, 2015 motion to remove maintenance and his May 6, 2015 "Motion for
Modification of Orders" were "virtually identical" and thus, the commissioner erred in
entertaining the May 6, 2015 motion. She further claimed that Christopher should
have filed a motion to reconsider, a motion for revision, or an appeal from the April 7,
2015 order instead of filing the new motion.
Christopher filed a response on October 21, 2015, noting that the exact issue
raised in Kimberly's motion to vacate had already been raised in her motion for
revision and ruled upon by the superior court.
On October 30, 2015, the superior court denied Kimberly's motion to vacate.
Kimberly appealed the October 30, 2015 order.
3 Id. at 188.
3 No. 74331-7-1/4
On November 13, 2015, Commissioner Henley entered an order on remand
that included findings to support his determination that Christopher had demonstrated
a substantial change in circumstances and financial condition warranting a reduction
in maintenance starting May 6, 2015. On February 2, 2016, Commissioner Henley
entered a second order providing that Christopher should begin paying Kimberly
$1,000 per month beginning May 6, 2015, but suspending the payments until
Christopher was again working 30 hours or more per week.
DISCUSSION
Kimberly appeals the denial of her motion to vacate brought pursuant to CR
60, which provides relief from a "judgment or order." However, Kimberly is only
entitled to appeal from a final judgment or an order denying a motion to modify a
judgment.4 She has failed to do so.
RAP 2.2(a)(1) provides that a party may appeal from a "final judgment entered
in any action or proceeding." A "final judgment" is one that settles all the issues in a
case.5 RAP 2.2(a)(10) provides that a party may appeal from an order denying a
"motion to vacate a judgment."6 In her CR 60 motion to vacate, Kimberly did not
seek to vacate a judgment; instead, she sought to vacate two orders: (i) the superior
court's September 18, 2015 order on revision setting aside the commissioner's June
4 RAP 2.2(a)(1) and (10). 5 Anderson & Middleton Lumber Co. v. Quinault Indian Nation, 79 Wn. App. 221, 225, 901 P.2d 1060 (1995) ("A final judgment is a judgment that ends the litigation, leaving nothing for the court to do but execute the judgment?), affd, 130 Wn.2d 862, 929 P.2d 379 (1996); see CR 54(a)(1) (providing that a "judgment is the final determination of the rights of the parties in the action"). 6 (Emphasis added.)
4 No. 74331-7-1/5
26, 2015 order and remanding to the commissioner for additional fact finding; and (ii)
the commissioner's June 26, 2015 order. Because the superior court remanded the
matter to the commissioner for further findings, its September 18, 2015 order is not a
"judgment" for purposes of appea1.7 After the superior court denied Kimberly's
motion to vacate, the September 18, 2015 order remained in effect. That order
anticipates additional proceedings, and additional proceedings did in fact take place
subsequent to Kimberly's appeal. Therefore, Kimberly is not entitled to an appeal as
a matter of right. Neither has Kimberly sought discretionary review or offered any
argument that would support discretionary review.8
Pursuant to Judge Snyder's September 18, 2015 order of remand,
Commissioner Henley entered an order on November 13, 2015, that included
findings in support of his determination that Christopher had demonstrated a
7 Seattle-First Nat'l Bank v. Marshall, 16 Wn. App.
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON DIVISION ONE
In the Matter of Marriage of ) No. 74331-7-1 ) KIMBERLY ARZABAL, ) ) Appellant, ) ) and ) ) CHRISTOPHER ARZABAL, ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION ) •••••• Respondent. ) FILED: January 23, 2017 ••••• :7" ••".
) • •
VERELLEN, C.J. — Kimberly Arzabal appeals the superior court's denial of her 1••••
motion to vacate pursuant to CR 60. Because the denial of the motion to vacate did
not constitute a final judgment for purposes of RAP 2.2(a)(1) and (10), we dismiss the
appeal.
FACTS
Kimberley and Christopher Arzaball were divorced on March 28, 2013, and
Christopher was ordered to pay $2,000 per month in spousal maintenance for a
period of five years commencing April 1, 2013. On March 23, 2015, Christopher filed
a pro se "Motion to Remove" spousal maintenance, claiming that he could not afford
to pay $2,000 per month. After a hearing on April 7, 2015, Whatcom County
1 For clarity, we refer to the Arzabals by their first names. No. 74331-7-1/2
Commissioner Heydrich denied Christopher's motion, finding that "at this time"
Christopher had not met his burden of proof of a substantial change in
circumstances/income.2
Christopher obtained counsel and filed a "Motion for Modification" on May 6,
2015. He sought to modify two orders: an allegedly mistaken wage assignment order
entered April 7, 2015, and the original 2013 maintenance order based upon a change
of income. In support of his motion, Christopher filed his own declaration and a
declaration from his employer.
On May 15, 2015, Kimberly filed a response, in part claiming that
Christopher's "Motion for Modification" was the same as his earlier "Motion to
Remove" spousal maintenance.
After a hearing and submission of financial declarations by both parties,
Whatcom County Commissioner Henley determined there had been an unforeseen
and substantial change in Christopher's circumstances that affected his ability to earn
income and pay maintenance. On June 16, 2015, Commissioner Henley entered an
order reducing Christopher's maintenance obligation to $598.85 per month, effective
May 6, 2015.
Kimberly moved to revise Commissioner Henley's decision, in part claiming
res judicata and collateral estoppel. Christopher filed a response claiming that res
judicata did not preclude his motion to modify because the commissioner's decision
at the earlier hearing was based only on Christopher's failure as a pro se litigant to
make the showing required for modification.
2 Clerk's Papers (CP) at 55.
2 No. 74331-7-1/3
On June 26, 2015, Whatcom County Superior Court Judge Snyder heard
Kimberly's motion for revision. On September 18, 2015, the superior court entered a
written order setting aside the commissioner's June 16, 2015 order and remanding to
the commissioner to determine "whether the Defendant's change of circumstances is
voluntary and whether the modification should be a complete reduction or a
temporary suspension so that maintenance arrears would still accrue."3 On
September 22, 2015, Christopher filed a motion for determination of the additional
facts and for an order reinstating the earlier ruling.
On October 12, 2015, Kimberly filed a motion to vacate pursuant to CR 60.
She sought to vacate the June 16, 2015 order entered by Commissioner Henley and
the September 18, 2015 order entered by Judge Snyder, as well as Christopher's
May 6, 2015 "Motion for Modification of Orders." Kimberly claimed that Christopher's
March 23, 2015 motion to remove maintenance and his May 6, 2015 "Motion for
Modification of Orders" were "virtually identical" and thus, the commissioner erred in
entertaining the May 6, 2015 motion. She further claimed that Christopher should
have filed a motion to reconsider, a motion for revision, or an appeal from the April 7,
2015 order instead of filing the new motion.
Christopher filed a response on October 21, 2015, noting that the exact issue
raised in Kimberly's motion to vacate had already been raised in her motion for
revision and ruled upon by the superior court.
On October 30, 2015, the superior court denied Kimberly's motion to vacate.
Kimberly appealed the October 30, 2015 order.
3 Id. at 188.
3 No. 74331-7-1/4
On November 13, 2015, Commissioner Henley entered an order on remand
that included findings to support his determination that Christopher had demonstrated
a substantial change in circumstances and financial condition warranting a reduction
in maintenance starting May 6, 2015. On February 2, 2016, Commissioner Henley
entered a second order providing that Christopher should begin paying Kimberly
$1,000 per month beginning May 6, 2015, but suspending the payments until
Christopher was again working 30 hours or more per week.
DISCUSSION
Kimberly appeals the denial of her motion to vacate brought pursuant to CR
60, which provides relief from a "judgment or order." However, Kimberly is only
entitled to appeal from a final judgment or an order denying a motion to modify a
judgment.4 She has failed to do so.
RAP 2.2(a)(1) provides that a party may appeal from a "final judgment entered
in any action or proceeding." A "final judgment" is one that settles all the issues in a
case.5 RAP 2.2(a)(10) provides that a party may appeal from an order denying a
"motion to vacate a judgment."6 In her CR 60 motion to vacate, Kimberly did not
seek to vacate a judgment; instead, she sought to vacate two orders: (i) the superior
court's September 18, 2015 order on revision setting aside the commissioner's June
4 RAP 2.2(a)(1) and (10). 5 Anderson & Middleton Lumber Co. v. Quinault Indian Nation, 79 Wn. App. 221, 225, 901 P.2d 1060 (1995) ("A final judgment is a judgment that ends the litigation, leaving nothing for the court to do but execute the judgment?), affd, 130 Wn.2d 862, 929 P.2d 379 (1996); see CR 54(a)(1) (providing that a "judgment is the final determination of the rights of the parties in the action"). 6 (Emphasis added.)
4 No. 74331-7-1/5
26, 2015 order and remanding to the commissioner for additional fact finding; and (ii)
the commissioner's June 26, 2015 order. Because the superior court remanded the
matter to the commissioner for further findings, its September 18, 2015 order is not a
"judgment" for purposes of appea1.7 After the superior court denied Kimberly's
motion to vacate, the September 18, 2015 order remained in effect. That order
anticipates additional proceedings, and additional proceedings did in fact take place
subsequent to Kimberly's appeal. Therefore, Kimberly is not entitled to an appeal as
a matter of right. Neither has Kimberly sought discretionary review or offered any
argument that would support discretionary review.8
Pursuant to Judge Snyder's September 18, 2015 order of remand,
Commissioner Henley entered an order on November 13, 2015, that included
findings in support of his determination that Christopher had demonstrated a
7 Seattle-First Nat'l Bank v. Marshall, 16 Wn. App. 503, 508, 557 P.2d 352 (1976) (CR 54(a)(2) defines an order as "[e]very direction of a court or judge, made or entered in writing, not included in a judgment." But an order is not appealable as a final judgment because it is not "a final determination of the rights of the parties."). 8 RAP 2.3(b) sets forth the considerations governing acceptance of discretionary review. The only applicable categories would require obvious or probable error by the superior court. Kimberly contends that she was entitled to relief because Christopher's May 6, 2015 motion to modify was barred by res judicata and collateral estoppel, but the trial court has broad authority to consider such a motion. See RCW 26.09.170(1) (trial court has continuing jurisdiction to consider modification of spousal maintenance); In re Marriage of Cook, 28 Wn. App. 518, 521, 624 P.2d 743 (1981) ("The statutory provision allowing for modification of a divorce decree represents a departure from the common law res judicata rule."). Moreover, because the superior court already considered Kimberly's res judicata argument, the trial court properly denied her CR 60 motion. Weems v. North Franklin School Dist., 109 Wn. App. 767, 778, 37 P.3d 354 (2002) (a court does not abuse its discretion in denying a CR 60(b) motion when it raises issues already considered by the court), abrogated on other grounds in Federal Way School Dist. No. 210 v. Vinson, 172 Wn.2d 756, 773-74, 261 P.3d 145 (2011).
5 No. 74331-7-1/6
substantial change in circumstances and a financial condition warranting a reduction
in maintenance. The commissioner entered a second order on February 2, 2016,
providing that Christopher should begin paying Kimberly $1,000 per month beginning
May 6, 2015, but suspending the payments until Christopher is working 30 hours or
more per week. Those orders are not the subject of this appeal. If Kimberly was
dissatisfied with the commissioner's November 13, 2015, and February 2, 2016
orders, her remedy was to appeal or to seek revision of these orders.9 It appears she
did not avail herself of those remedies.
Attorney Fees
Christopher seeks attorney fees incurred on appeal under RCW 26.09.140
and RAP 18.1.19 "Under RAP 18.1, we may award attorney fees if authorized by
applicable law."11 RCW 26.09.140 gives this court discretion to award attorney fees
incurred on appeal. In exercising our statutory discretion, we consider the parties'
financial resources as well as the arguable merit of the issues appealed.12 A party
must timely file an affidavit of financial need in order for that party's resources to be
considered.13 In the absence of any financial affidavits, we decline to award attorney
fees on appeal.
9 See RCW 2.24.050 (absent a demand for revision within ten days after the court commissioner enters an order or judgment, the order or judgment becomes an order or judgment of the superior court and appellate review "may be sought in the same fashion as review of like orders and judgments entered by the judge"). 19 Resp't's Br. at 22-23. 11 In re Marriage of Raskob, 183 Wn. App. 503, 520, 334 P.3d 30 (2014). 12 id. 13 Id.; RAP 18.1(c).
6 No. 74331-7-1/7
CONCLUSION
Because the superior court's October 15, 2015 order denying a motion to
vacate is neither a final judgment nor an order denying a motion to vacate a
judgment, this matter is not appealable as a matter of right. We dismiss the appeal.
We also deny Christopher's request for attorney fees on appeal.
WE CONCUR: