Kim, Ho & Yong v. Ho-Ho-Kus Borough

CourtNew Jersey Tax Court
DecidedOctober 27, 2025
Docket009677-2023
StatusUnpublished

This text of Kim, Ho & Yong v. Ho-Ho-Kus Borough (Kim, Ho & Yong v. Ho-Ho-Kus Borough) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Jersey Tax Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Kim, Ho & Yong v. Ho-Ho-Kus Borough, (N.J. Super. Ct. 2025).

Opinion

TAX COURT OF NEW JERSEY JOSHUA D. NOVIN Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Justice Building Judge 495 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Blvd., 4th Floor Newark, New Jersey 07102 Tel: (609) 815-2922, Ext. 54680

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE TAX COURT COMMITTEE ON OPINIONS

October 24, 2025

Mr. and Mrs. Ho Kim 19 Lloyd Road Ho-Ho-Kus, New Jersey 07423

Timothy J. Wiss, Esq. Wiss Law P.C. 345 Kinderkamack Road Westwood, New Jersey 07675

Re: Kim, Ho & Yong v. Ho-Ho-Kus Borough Docket No. 009677-2023

Dear Mr. and Mrs. Kim and Mr. Wiss:

This letter constitutes the court’s opinion following trial in the above-captioned matter.

Plaintiffs, Ho Kim and Yong Kim (plaintiffs), challenge the 2023 tax year assessment on plaintiffs’

single-family residence.

For the reasons stated herein, the court finds that the subject property’s ratio of assessed

value to true value, for the 2023 tax year, falls within the upper limit and lower limit of Ho-Ho-

Kus Borough’s Chapter 123 corridor. Accordingly, plaintiffs are not entitled to relief from the

2023 tax assessment and the court will enter judgment dismissing plaintiff’s complaint.

I. Procedural history and factual findings

Plaintiffs are the owners of the single-family residence located at 19 Lloyd Road, Ho-Ho-

Kus Borough, Bergen County, New Jersey. The property is identified on Ho-Ho-Kus Borough’s

(“defendant”) municipal tax map as block 704, lot 19 (the “subject property”).

Plaintiffs filed a petition of appeal with the Bergen County Board of Taxation (BCBT) Kim, Ho & Yong v. Ho-Ho-Kus Borough Docket No. 009677-2023 Page -2-

challenging the subject property’s 2023 tax year assessment. On August 2, 2023, the BCBT issued

a Memorandum of Judgment (“Judgment”) affirming the assessment. The BCBT mailed the

Judgment on August 11, 2023.

On or about September 27, 2023, plaintiffs timely filed a complaint with the Tax Court

contesting the Judgment and the subject property’s 2023 tax year assessment.

The subject property’s tax assessment, defendant’s average ratio of assessed value to true

value, and the subject property’s implied equalized value is set forth below:

Average ratio Implied Valuation Total of assessed equalized date assessment to true value value 10/1/2022 $457,100 80.16% $570,235

During trial, plaintiffs, self-represented litigants, offered testimony and submitted

comparable sales information for eight single-family residences sold in Ho-Ho-Kus. Defendant

offered no evidence, instead relying on the validity of the subject property’s 2023 tax assessment.

Based on the evidence presented, the court concludes that the subject property is a Cape

Cod style home constructed in approximately 1949, situated on a 0.1944-acre lot. The home

possesses a gross living area of 1,376 square feet, consisting of 2 bedrooms and 2 full bathrooms.

II. Conclusions of law

a. Presumption of validity

“Original assessments and judgments of county boards of taxation are entitled to a

presumption of validity.” MSGW Real Estate Fund, LLC v. Borough of Mountain Lakes, 18 N.J.

Tax 364, 373 (Tax 1998). “Based on this presumption, the appealing taxpayer has the burden of

proving that the assessment is erroneous.” Pantasote Co. v. Passaic City, 100 N.J. 408, 413 (1985)

(citing Riverview Gardens v. North Arlington Bor., 9 N.J. 167, 174 (1952)). “The presumption of Kim, Ho & Yong v. Ho-Ho-Kus Borough Docket No. 009677-2023 Page -3-

correctness . . . stands, until sufficient competent evidence to the contrary is adduced.” Little Egg

Harbor Twp. v. Bonsangue, 316 N.J. Super. 271, 285-86 (App. Div. 1998). A taxpayer can only

rebut the presumption by introducing “cogent evidence” of true value; that is, evidence “definite,

positive and certain in quality and quantity to overcome the presumption.” Aetna Life Ins. Co. v.

Newark City, 10 N.J. 99, 105 (1952). Thus, at the close of plaintiff’s proofs, the court must be

presented with evidence which raises a “debatable question as to the validity of the assessment.”

MSGW Real Estate Fund, LLC, 18 N.J. Tax at 376.

At the close of plaintiffs’ proofs, defendant moved to dismiss this matter under R. 4:37-

2(b), arguing that plaintiffs failed to overcome the presumption of validity.

Plaintiffs are not appraisers nor real estate valuation experts, but rather are self-represented

litigants, and thus, are precluded from offering valuation opinions and applying adjustments to the

comparable sales data. See N.J.R.E. 702; N.J.R.E. 703. However, as this court has observed,

taxpayers “are not required to provide an expert witness and an appraisal report [at trial]. [Thus,

a] taxpayer would appear to be at a grave disadvantage against an appraisal expert’s testimony

along with an appraisal report.” Cohn v. Livingston Twp., 18 N.J. Tax 429, 433 (Tax 1999); see

also Siegfried O. v. Holmdel Twp., 20 N.J. Tax 8, 18 (Tax 2002) (concluding that “the use of

expert testimony and appraisal reports to prove value in tax appeals is optional, not mandatory . .

. litigants are not required to produce an expert witness or an appraisal report”).

Moreover, this matter is assigned to the Tax Court’s Small Claims Division permitting

hearings to be conducted

informal[ly], and the judge may receive evidence as the judge deems appropriate for a determination of the case, except that all testimony shall be given under oath. A party may appear on the party’s own behalf or by an attorney or by any other person as may be provided by the Rules of the Supreme Court. Kim, Ho & Yong v. Ho-Ho-Kus Borough Docket No. 009677-2023 Page -4-

[N.J.S.A. 2B:13-15.]

Our Rules of Court further emphasize that in the Small Claims Division,

. . . the hearing shall be informal and the court may hear such testimony and receive such evidence as it deems necessary or desirable for a just and equitable determination of the case. All testimony shall be given under oath and a verbatim record shall be made of the proceeding.

[R. 8:11(b).]

This court adopts, as succinctly expressed by Judge Kahn, that the court should “construe[]

said statute and rule as authorizing the Tax Court to consider reliable evidence from a pro se

litigant, even though such evidence is not derived from expert opinion.” Cohn, 18 N.J. Tax at 433.

Moreover, although the presumption of validity is applied equally to trials involving self-

represented litigants and trials where attorneys and qualified valuation experts have been retained,

the court is nonetheless mindful that the cogent evidence threshold, and the parameters for

consideration of the evidence presented, when faced with a R. 4:37-2(a) motion, is modest. When

evaluating whether the evidence presented meets the cogent evidence standard, the court “must

accept such evidence as true and accord the plaintiff all legitimate inferences which can be deduced

from the evidence.” MSGW Real Estate Fund, LLC, 18 N.J. Tax at 376 (citing Brill v. Guardian

Life Ins. Co. of Am., 142 N.J. 520 (1995)).

Here, plaintiffs presented evidence of eight comparable sales of single-family residences

that sold in Ho-Ho-Kus between October 2021 and August 2022. The comparable sales range in

size from 1,399 to 2,265 square feet, possess 1½ to 2 full bathrooms, contain land areas from 0.18 Kim, Ho & Yong v. Ho-Ho-Kus Borough Docket No. 009677-2023 Page -5-

acres to 0.32 acres, and bore construction dates from 1940 to 1963. 1 The sale prices for the eight

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Related

Aetna Life Insurance Co. v. City of Newark
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Pantasote Co. v. City of Passaic
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