NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-4330-17T1
KENNETH ZAHL,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
HIRAM EASTLAND, JR., EASTLAND LAW OFFICES, and EASTLAND LAW OFFICES, PLLC,
Defendants-Appellants. ______________________________
Argued April 1, 2019 – Decided May 8, 2019
Before Judges Messano and Fasciale.
On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Morris County, Docket No. L-0851-16.
Bruce D. Greenberg argued the cause for appellants (Lite De Palma Greenberg LLC, attorneys; Bruce D. Greenberg, on the briefs).
David E. Maran argued the cause for respondent (Maran & Maran, PC, attorneys; David E. Maran, on the brief). PER CURIAM
Plaintiff Kenneth Zahl filed a complaint in the Law Division naming
Mississippi attorney, Hiram Eastland, Jr. (Eastland), and his associated
Mississippi law firms, Eastland Law Offices and Eastland Law Offices, PLLC,
as defendants.1 Plaintiff alleged defendants committed malpractice in their
unsuccessful representation of him, in, among other things, a federal lawsuit
alleging Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) violations
against various New Jersey officials and offices arising from the prosecution of
disciplinary actions against plaintiff and revocation of his medical license. See
In re License Issued to Zahl, 186 N.J. 341 (2006).
When defendants did not answer, plaintiff obtained default, which the
court eventually vacated, on defendants' motion. The court denied defendants'
motion to dismiss for "lack of personal jurisdiction" without prejudice, ordering
instead that the parties "complete discovery on the issue," and plaintiff serve "an
[a]ffidavit of merit for any claim for alleged legal malpractice . . . ." Pursuant
1 An earlier complaint also named a New Jersey attorney, Robert Conroy, and associated firms, Kern Augustine Conroy & Schoppmann, PC and Kern Augustine, PC (the Conroy Defendants), which had sponsored Eastland's pro hac vice admission in New Jersey and also represented plaintiff in the underlying litigation. Plaintiff subsequently settled his claims against the Conroy Defendants. A-4330-17T1 2 to the order, defendants served personal jurisdiction interrogatories and other
discovery requests on plaintiff in March 2016. Apparently, for administrative
reasons, the court dismissed plaintiff's complaint without prejudice, and he filed
another, asserting the same claims, which defendants answered, again asserting
lack of jurisdiction.
Plaintiff served discovery requests — legal malpractice interrogatories
and a notice to produce documents, including defendants' file and billing records
— that went unanswered. On October 31, 2017, the court granted plaintiff's
motion to compel and extended discovery for sixty days.
On January 9, 2018, plaintiff moved to suppress defenses and schedule a
proof hearing for February 2, 2018. Counsel's certification failed to comply
with the requirements of Rule 1:6-2(c), nor did counsel certify that plaintiff was
not in default of his discovery obligations. See R. 4:23-5(a)(1). In fact, plaintiff
had not answered defendants' discovery requests, first served nearly two years
earlier. Plaintiff provided this discovery on January 31, 2018.
On the same day, defendants served a letter on the motion judge and
plaintiff's counsel requesting an adjournment. Eastland stated that plaintiff was
in default of discovery, and he described the serious medical conditions that
A-4330-17T1 3 allegedly plagued him, and in turn, his law practice, during the prior six months.
Defendants again asserted lack of personal jurisdiction.
The motion judge's February 2, 2018 order suppressed defendants'
pleadings without prejudice and denied plaintiff's request for "a proof hearing."
Although not entirely clear from the record, in response to the court's notice that
the complaint would be dismissed pursuant to Rule 1:13-7 or Rule 4:43-2,
plaintiff apparently requested another proof hearing, which the court scheduled
for April 11.2 Eastland again requested an adjournment and an opportunity to
move to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction. Plaintiff filed opposition.
Defendants then supplied answers to plaintiff's discovery requests, and
Eastland again sought an adjournment of the proof hearing. In an April 9 letter
to the judge, Eastland asked that the judge vacate the prior order suppressing
defendants' pleading without prejudice and reinstate the answer because they
were no longer delinquent in discovery obligations.
2 The notice said the complaint would be dismissed pursuant to Rule 1:13-7 or Rule 4:43-2 "unless action required under the above rules is taken." In an April 2, 2018 email to Eastland, plaintiff's counsel mistakenly explained this required him to proceed with the proof hearing and obtain default judgment, or risk dismissal. Rule 1:13-7(c)(2) provides that the proposed administrative dismissal may be staved off by the filing of a request to enter default. In other words, plaintiff did not have to schedule a proof hearing, and, indeed, as we explain, the judge's decision to conduct a proof hearing was improper. A-4330-17T1 4 The record does not reveal any response to defendants' request, but, on
April 11, the judge conducted a proof hearing. Defendants did not appear.
Plaintiff produced an "expert witness," Laura S. Johnson, a licensed New York
attorney who worked for a consulting company, Sterling Analytics Group LLC,
located in Woodbury, New York. Johnson reiterated the salient points of her
expert report, in which, upon review of defendants' billing records and
conversations with plaintiff, she opined that defendants' billing practices were
unreasonable and unjustified given the amount of work performed. The report
concluded all of defendants' invoices — totaling $927,342 — were
"objectionable."
At the hearing, Johnson opined that based on the limited information
available, a reasonable fee for defendants' work on plaintiff's behalf was
"$93,750." The judge concluded that plaintiff was entitled to a default judgment
of $1,057,374.3 The April 13, 2018 order for judgment reflects that amount and
$3800 in additional costs and expenses attributable to Johnson's efforts. This
appeal followed.
3 From the transcript alone, and without additional documentary evidence Johnson used during the hearing, it is difficult to ascertain exactly how the judge reached this figure. A-4330-17T1 5 Defendants contend the judge misapplied Rules 4:23-2 or 4:23-5, which
provide sanctions for delinquent discovery, and, since they supplied discovery
prior to the proof hearing, the judge should have restored their pleading and not
entered default judgment. Defendants further argue that Eastland's serious
medical condition and the alleged theft of defendants' computer systems, making
it impossible to respond to some of the discovery requests, amounted to
"extraordinary circumstances." Lastly, defendants contend the proofs adduced
at the hearing do not support the judgment.
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NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-4330-17T1
KENNETH ZAHL,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
HIRAM EASTLAND, JR., EASTLAND LAW OFFICES, and EASTLAND LAW OFFICES, PLLC,
Defendants-Appellants. ______________________________
Argued April 1, 2019 – Decided May 8, 2019
Before Judges Messano and Fasciale.
On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Morris County, Docket No. L-0851-16.
Bruce D. Greenberg argued the cause for appellants (Lite De Palma Greenberg LLC, attorneys; Bruce D. Greenberg, on the briefs).
David E. Maran argued the cause for respondent (Maran & Maran, PC, attorneys; David E. Maran, on the brief). PER CURIAM
Plaintiff Kenneth Zahl filed a complaint in the Law Division naming
Mississippi attorney, Hiram Eastland, Jr. (Eastland), and his associated
Mississippi law firms, Eastland Law Offices and Eastland Law Offices, PLLC,
as defendants.1 Plaintiff alleged defendants committed malpractice in their
unsuccessful representation of him, in, among other things, a federal lawsuit
alleging Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) violations
against various New Jersey officials and offices arising from the prosecution of
disciplinary actions against plaintiff and revocation of his medical license. See
In re License Issued to Zahl, 186 N.J. 341 (2006).
When defendants did not answer, plaintiff obtained default, which the
court eventually vacated, on defendants' motion. The court denied defendants'
motion to dismiss for "lack of personal jurisdiction" without prejudice, ordering
instead that the parties "complete discovery on the issue," and plaintiff serve "an
[a]ffidavit of merit for any claim for alleged legal malpractice . . . ." Pursuant
1 An earlier complaint also named a New Jersey attorney, Robert Conroy, and associated firms, Kern Augustine Conroy & Schoppmann, PC and Kern Augustine, PC (the Conroy Defendants), which had sponsored Eastland's pro hac vice admission in New Jersey and also represented plaintiff in the underlying litigation. Plaintiff subsequently settled his claims against the Conroy Defendants. A-4330-17T1 2 to the order, defendants served personal jurisdiction interrogatories and other
discovery requests on plaintiff in March 2016. Apparently, for administrative
reasons, the court dismissed plaintiff's complaint without prejudice, and he filed
another, asserting the same claims, which defendants answered, again asserting
lack of jurisdiction.
Plaintiff served discovery requests — legal malpractice interrogatories
and a notice to produce documents, including defendants' file and billing records
— that went unanswered. On October 31, 2017, the court granted plaintiff's
motion to compel and extended discovery for sixty days.
On January 9, 2018, plaintiff moved to suppress defenses and schedule a
proof hearing for February 2, 2018. Counsel's certification failed to comply
with the requirements of Rule 1:6-2(c), nor did counsel certify that plaintiff was
not in default of his discovery obligations. See R. 4:23-5(a)(1). In fact, plaintiff
had not answered defendants' discovery requests, first served nearly two years
earlier. Plaintiff provided this discovery on January 31, 2018.
On the same day, defendants served a letter on the motion judge and
plaintiff's counsel requesting an adjournment. Eastland stated that plaintiff was
in default of discovery, and he described the serious medical conditions that
A-4330-17T1 3 allegedly plagued him, and in turn, his law practice, during the prior six months.
Defendants again asserted lack of personal jurisdiction.
The motion judge's February 2, 2018 order suppressed defendants'
pleadings without prejudice and denied plaintiff's request for "a proof hearing."
Although not entirely clear from the record, in response to the court's notice that
the complaint would be dismissed pursuant to Rule 1:13-7 or Rule 4:43-2,
plaintiff apparently requested another proof hearing, which the court scheduled
for April 11.2 Eastland again requested an adjournment and an opportunity to
move to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction. Plaintiff filed opposition.
Defendants then supplied answers to plaintiff's discovery requests, and
Eastland again sought an adjournment of the proof hearing. In an April 9 letter
to the judge, Eastland asked that the judge vacate the prior order suppressing
defendants' pleading without prejudice and reinstate the answer because they
were no longer delinquent in discovery obligations.
2 The notice said the complaint would be dismissed pursuant to Rule 1:13-7 or Rule 4:43-2 "unless action required under the above rules is taken." In an April 2, 2018 email to Eastland, plaintiff's counsel mistakenly explained this required him to proceed with the proof hearing and obtain default judgment, or risk dismissal. Rule 1:13-7(c)(2) provides that the proposed administrative dismissal may be staved off by the filing of a request to enter default. In other words, plaintiff did not have to schedule a proof hearing, and, indeed, as we explain, the judge's decision to conduct a proof hearing was improper. A-4330-17T1 4 The record does not reveal any response to defendants' request, but, on
April 11, the judge conducted a proof hearing. Defendants did not appear.
Plaintiff produced an "expert witness," Laura S. Johnson, a licensed New York
attorney who worked for a consulting company, Sterling Analytics Group LLC,
located in Woodbury, New York. Johnson reiterated the salient points of her
expert report, in which, upon review of defendants' billing records and
conversations with plaintiff, she opined that defendants' billing practices were
unreasonable and unjustified given the amount of work performed. The report
concluded all of defendants' invoices — totaling $927,342 — were
"objectionable."
At the hearing, Johnson opined that based on the limited information
available, a reasonable fee for defendants' work on plaintiff's behalf was
"$93,750." The judge concluded that plaintiff was entitled to a default judgment
of $1,057,374.3 The April 13, 2018 order for judgment reflects that amount and
$3800 in additional costs and expenses attributable to Johnson's efforts. This
appeal followed.
3 From the transcript alone, and without additional documentary evidence Johnson used during the hearing, it is difficult to ascertain exactly how the judge reached this figure. A-4330-17T1 5 Defendants contend the judge misapplied Rules 4:23-2 or 4:23-5, which
provide sanctions for delinquent discovery, and, since they supplied discovery
prior to the proof hearing, the judge should have restored their pleading and not
entered default judgment. Defendants further argue that Eastland's serious
medical condition and the alleged theft of defendants' computer systems, making
it impossible to respond to some of the discovery requests, amounted to
"extraordinary circumstances." Lastly, defendants contend the proofs adduced
at the hearing do not support the judgment.
In considering these arguments, it is difficult to know where to begin to
explain the abject failure on the part of all involved — plaintiff, defendants (who
throughout the proceedings were represented by Eastland himself), and the
motion judge — to abide by and follow Part IV rules governing practice and
procedure of civil actions in the Law Division. R. 4:1. These transgressions
individually and certainly collectively led to a mistaken exercise of the judge's
discretion, satisfying the highly deferential standard of review we apply before
reversing a motion court's resolution of discovery disputes. See, e.g., Capital
Health Sys., Inc. v. Horizon Healthcare Servs., Inc., 230 N.J. 73, 79-80 (2017)
(citing Pomerantz Paper Corp. v. New Cmty. Corp., 207 N.J. 344, 371 (2011))
(noting an appellate court's review of a trial court's discovery order is limited,
A-4330-17T1 6 and we will defer to the judge's rulings "absent an abuse of discretion or a . . .
misunderstanding or misapplication of the law"). During oral argument before
us, defense counsel referred to the proceedings as a "train wreck." We agree,
and therefore reverse, vacate the judgment, and remand for further proceedings.
Rule 4:23-5 creates a process that must be satisfied before the court may
grant a motion to dismiss with prejudice for discovery violations involving
interrogatories and the production of documents. See Thabo v. Z Transp., 452
N.J. Super. 359, 369 (App. Div. 2017). Here, plaintiff's discovery requests —
legal malpractice interrogatories and production of documents — were governed
by Rule 4:23-5. Subsection (c) of the rule permits the non-delinquent party first
to seek an order to compel production. Although plaintiff's counsel never cited
a particular rule under which he was proceeding, we assume Rule 4:23-5(c)
provided the authority for the entry of the court's October 31, 2017 order.
However, subsection (c) charts the path for what was supposed to happen
next if, as occurred here, defendants failed to supply the discovery: "If the
delinquent party fails to comply . . . , the aggrieved party may apply for dismissal
or suppression pursuant to subparagraph (a)(1) of this rule . . . ." R. 4:23-5(c).
Instead, plaintiff filed a motion "to suppress defenses and schedul[e] a proof
A-4330-17T1 7 hearing." The requested relief conflated both Rule 4:23-5 and Rule 4:43, and
the procedure compelled by each of those rules. 4
Dismissal without prejudice is the first step under the rule. R. 4:23-
5(a)(1). The non-delinquent party may seek dismissal with prejudice after sixty
days if the delinquent party has not cured the deficiency and moved to res tore
the pleading. R. 4:23-5(a)(1)-(2). When it comes to the listed modes of
discovery, Rule 4:23-5 must "be scrupulously followed and technically
complied with." Thabo, 452 N.J. Super. at 369 (citing Sullivan v. Coverings &
Installation, Inc., 403 N.J. Super. 86, 95 (App. Div. 2008)). Here, the motion
judge's February 2, 2018 order properly suppressed defendants' pleading without
prejudice. At this point, however, the litigation train left its tracks. Plaintiff
never proceeded to step two, i.e., the suppression of defendants' pleading with
prejudice. R. 4:23-5(a)(2).5
4 We need not repeat that the motion failed to certify plaintiff was not delinquent in discovery obligations. In a letter to the motion judge immediately before the proof hearing, plaintiff's counsel asserted as an excuse for the late responses that defendants' jurisdictional discovery demands were served under the prior complaint, and defendants failed to remind plaintiff of his delinquency until they responded to plaintiff's motion. 5 Plaintiff never cited Rule 4:23-2 as a basis for suppressing defendants' pleading, and we do not think it applies, given the express provisions of Rule 4:23-5 as they relate to interrogatories and production of documents. In any
A-4330-17T1 8 Instead, the court acceded to plaintiff's request for a proof hearing. "Rule
4:43-1 . . . allows a plaintiff to make an ex parte request of the [c]lerk for default
if the defendant 'has failed to plead or otherwise defend as provided by these
rules or court order, or if the answer has been stricken with prejudice.'" Midland
Funding LLC v. Albern, 433 N.J. Super. 494, 498 (App. Div. 2013) (emphasis
added). The record does not indicate that the clerk had actually entered default,
but, assuming arguendo she had, there is a more important reason why
proceeding to a proof hearing was improper.
"A default judgment may be entered in plaintiff's favor when an answer is
stricken only if the order striking it is with prejudice." Pressler & Verniero,
Current N.J. Court Rules, cmt. 1 on R. 4:43-1 (2019). As already noted,
defendants' pleading was never dismissed with prejudice prior to the default
hearing. See Sullivan, 403 N.J. Super. at 96 (holding the "plaintiff's complaint
remain[ed] dismissed without prejudice," when the other party did not formally
move for dismissal with prejudice).
event, while the court may "strik[e] out pleadings . . . with or without prejudice, or render[] a judgment by default against the disobedient party" which "fails to obey an order to provide . . . discovery," Rule 4:23-2(b)(3), the motion judge's order only suppressed defendants' pleading without prejudice. A-4330-17T1 9 In Kolczycki v. City of East Orange, despite agreeing that the judge did
not abuse his discretion in suppressing defenses, we nonetheless reversed a
default judgment because the orders were "without prejudice." 317 N.J. Super.
505, 516 (App. Div. 1999). We held, "actions as profound in their effect as a
suppression of defenses cannot be informally ordered or informally enforced
. . . . [D]efendants should not have been barred from any defenses, . . . until and
unless a 'with prejudice' order was entered." Ibid.
It was, therefore, a mistaken exercise of discretion for the judge to proceed
to a default hearing based on alleged discovery misconduct when defendants'
pleading was not yet dismissed with prejudice. "[T]he 'strong preference for
adjudication on the merits rather than final disposition for procedural reasons, '
demands that the unauthorized ex parte default — and the subsequent judgment
based on that default — be vacated . . . ." Midland Funding, 433 N.J. Super. at
499 (quoting Galik v. Clara Maass Med. Ctr., 167 N.J. 341, 356 (2001)). As a
result, we do not need to reach the merits of defendants' other arguments.
Lest our holding be misconstrued, we recognize there was more than
enough blame to go around in this case. We do not condone defendants' dilatory
conduct and informality in addressing the impending suppression of their
pleadings. Whatever excuses were offered, defendants failed to supply
A-4330-17T1 10 discovery in a timely fashion, and they never made a formal motion to reinstate
their pleadings as required by Rule 4:23-5(a)(1).
Reversed. We vacate the judgment under review and remand the matter
to the Law Division. Defendants' pleading remains stricken unless and until
they comply with the rule that governs its restoration. We leave the conduct of
any further discovery, and resolution of defendants' challenge to the court's
jurisdiction, to the Law Division judge's sound discretion. We do not retain
jurisdiction.
A-4330-17T1 11