Kenneth Conner v. Amrish Mahajan

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedDecember 5, 2017
Docket17-1162
StatusPublished

This text of Kenneth Conner v. Amrish Mahajan (Kenneth Conner v. Amrish Mahajan) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Kenneth Conner v. Amrish Mahajan, (7th Cir. 2017).

Opinion

In the

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit ____________________ No. 17‐1162 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ex rel. KENNETH J. CONNER, Plaintiff‐Appellant,

v.

AMRISH K. MAHAJAN, et al., Defendants‐Appellees. ____________________

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. No. 11‐CV‐4458 — Sharon Johnson Coleman, Judge. ____________________

ARGUED JULY 6, 2017 — DECIDED DECEMBER 5, 2017 ____________________

Before POSNER, KANNE, and SYKES, Circuit Judges.* PER CURIAM. After losing his job at Mutual Bank, Ken‐ neth Conner brought this qui tam action claiming that the de‐ fendants, most of them directors or officers of the bank, had defrauded the government in violation of the False Claims

* Circuit Judge Posner retired on September 2, 2017, and did not par‐

ticipate in the decision of this case, which is being resolved by a quorum of the panel under 28 U.S.C. § 46(d). 2 No. 17‐1162

Act, 31 U.S.C. §§ 3729–3733. The United States declined to take over the qui tam action, which Conner eventually settled. But the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation filed its own lawsuit against many of the same defendants. That case also settled, and Conner thinks he is entitled to a share of the set‐ tlement proceeds the FDIC received from the defendants. To that end Conner tried to intervene in the FDIC’s case, and after being rebuffed he filed a motion in this action demanding part of the FDIC’s recovery. The district court denied that request on the ground that, because Conner’s attempt to intervene in the FDIC’s case was rejected, he is barred by the doctrine of issue preclusion from litigating in this suit the question whether he has a cognizable interest in the settlement pro‐ ceeds. Conner challenges that ruling in this appeal. We agree with the district court’s bottom line but conclude that claim preclusion, rather than issue preclusion, explains this out‐ come. I. BACKGROUND The False Claims Act imposes civil liability on individuals who knowingly defraud the United States. Universal Health Servs., Inc. v. United States ex rel. Escobar, 136 S. Ct. 1989, 1995 (2016). The Act may be enforced either by the government or, under its qui tam provision, by a private person acting as a “relator” on the government’s behalf. 31 U.S.C. § 3730(b)(1); State Farm Fire & Cas. Co. v. United States ex rel. Rigsby, 137 S. Ct. 436, 440 (2016). When a private party brings a qui tam suit, the complaint is sealed (and thus unknown to the de‐ fendant) but served on the government with a summary of all material evidence. 31 U.S.C. § 3730(b)(2); Kellogg Brown & Root Servs., Inc. v. United States ex rel. Carter, 135 S. Ct. 1970, 1973 (2015). No. 17‐1162 3

Upon learning of a qui tam action, the government has multiple options for action. One of those options is taking over the lawsuit, and, if the government does take control, the relator will receive 15% to 25% of any recovery. 31 U.S.C. § 3730(d)(1). The government also can decline to participate directly, and, if it chooses that option, the relator can continue prosecuting the case on the government’s behalf. See 31 U.S.C. § 3730(b)(4)(B), (c)(3); Kellogg Brown & Root Servs., Inc., 135 S. Ct. at 1973; Stoner v. Santa Clara Cty. Office of Educ., 502 F.3d 1116, 1126–27 (9th Cir. 2007). A relator who successfully pros‐ ecutes a qui tam action without government involvement will receive 25% to 30% of the recovery. 31 U.S.C. § 3730(d)(2). A third option available to the government is seeking recovery for fraud through an “alternate remedy,” including “any ad‐ ministrative proceeding to determine a civil money penalty.” 31 U.S.C. § 3730(c)(5). When the government pursues an “al‐ ternate remedy,” the relator has the same rights in that pro‐ ceeding as if the qui tam action had continued, including the right to recover a percentage of any recovery. 31 U.S.C. § 3730(c)(5); United States v. Sprint Commcʹns, Inc., 855 F.3d 985, 990 (9th Cir. 2017); United States ex rel. Rille v. Pricewater‐ houseCoopers LLP, 803 F.3d 368, 373 (8th Cir. 2015). Conner worked at Mutual Bank (or its predecessor) from 2000 to 2007 and had transferred to the bank’s headquarters in Harvey, Illinois, in 2005. At headquarters he reviewed ap‐ praisals for commercial real estate loans. In that role he no‐ ticed that Adams Value Corporation (a property appraisal company) had completed more than half of Mutual’s apprais‐ als. Conner concluded that Adams regularly had inflated val‐ ues by 20% to 30%. He identified about 75 appraisals he thought were inflated, all but one of which Mutual Bank had 4 No. 17‐1162

accepted. In October 2007 Conner refused to approve an Ad‐ ams appraisal that he deemed incomplete and significantly overvalued. The bank fired him a week later. Eventually he brought this qui tam action under the False Claims Act. In ad‐ dition to naming as defendants the directors and several of‐ ficers of Mutual Bank, Conner sued Adams Value Corpora‐ tion and its president. Mutual Bank failed less than two years after Conner was fired. In his lawsuit he alleged that the defendants had inten‐ tionally overvalued properties serving as collateral for com‐ mercial real estate loans. By doing so they understated loan‐ to‐value ratios reported to the FDIC and thus benefitted from a lower risk category and commensurately lower FDIC insur‐ ance premiums. Conner added that most of the loans could not have been approved if the collateral was valued accu‐ rately. He estimated that the FDIC had lost approximately $656 million from Mutual Bank’s demise, including $300 to $400 million resulting from “commercial real estate loans with deliberately faulty appraisals.” But Conner’s qui tam ac‐ tion aimed only to recoup the deposit insurance premiums that should have been paid to the FDIC. In August 2012 the United States declined to take over the case (the reason is not disclosed in the record) but asked the district judge to require the government’s written consent before allowing Conner to settle or dismiss the action. Conner then went forward in the qui tam action by him‐ self. But the FDIC, as receiver for the failed Mutual Bank, ini‐ tiated its own action against many of the same defend‐ ants―though not against Adams or its president, Douglas Adams. See F.D.I.C. v. Mahajan, No. 11 C 7590, 2012 WL 3061852, at *1 (N.D. Ill. July 26, 2012). The FDIC alleged that No. 17‐1162 5

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Bluebook (online)
Kenneth Conner v. Amrish Mahajan, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/kenneth-conner-v-amrish-mahajan-ca7-2017.