Kemp v. Burlington Northern Railroad

930 S.W.2d 10, 1996 Mo. App. LEXIS 1247
CourtMissouri Court of Appeals
DecidedJuly 16, 1996
DocketNo. 68764
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 930 S.W.2d 10 (Kemp v. Burlington Northern Railroad) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Missouri Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Kemp v. Burlington Northern Railroad, 930 S.W.2d 10, 1996 Mo. App. LEXIS 1247 (Mo. Ct. App. 1996).

Opinion

GERALD M. SMITH, Presiding Judge.

Defendant Burlington Northern Railroad Company appeals from a judgment based on jury verdicts for plaintiff totalling $560,000 in this action brought pursuant to the Federal Employers’ Liability Act. We affirm.

Plaintiff, Dean Kemp, a machinist’s helper, brought his action in two counts. Count I sought damages for a burn to his leg. The defendant admitted liability for that injury and the jury unanimously assessed plaintiffs damages at $60,000. In Count II plaintiff alleged that he had sustained white matter brain damage due to over-exposure on the job-site to chlorinated organic solvents, i.e., mineral spirits. The jury returned a nine-person verdict on that count for $500,000. There is no challenge on appeal to the sub-missibility of the case.

Plaintiff began work for the defendant in 1974. From 1981 until he left the railroad in 1990, plaintiff regularly used mineral spirits to clean parts, tools, locomotive motors, machines and floors. Mineral spirits contain neurotoxins, which can cause brain damage through skin contact and inhalation. Plaintiffs experts testified that mineral spirits can damage the myelin in the brain; myelin is the coating over the brain’s white matter. Destruction of myelin leads to injury to the white matter, which in turn affects the speed [12]*12with which an individual can process information. Plaintiff contended that the railroad negligently failed to provide instruction regarding the use of mineral spirits, negligently failed to provide him with protective equipment, and negligently required him to use excessive amounts of mineral spirits.

Plaintiffs experts testified that he had been exposed to excessive amounts of mineral spirits, that he had white matter brain damage caused by organic solvents, and this damage affected his higher executive functions such as memory, ability to make decisions and plan, and to control impulses. Kemp testified that he was unaware of the possibility of brain damage until 1990 when he sought treatment for his burn. He had previously experienced headaches regularly but assumed they were sinus headaches caused by moisture in the room where he worked.

Defendant’s first three points involve essentially the same issue. During plaintiffs closing argument counsel stated:

And on this verdict if only nine of you can agree, say three of you say, “Well, we think the railroad should have the name on the form,” and the other nine of you say “No, we think it should be Dean Kemp” then just those nine of you decide on the damages. The three of you who didn’t find in favor of Dean Kemp don’t participate in the decision to assess damages. So it only takes nine to decide the case. (Emphasis supplied).

Defendant objected that the underlined portion of the argument was a misstatement of the law. It further requested that the court instruct the jury orally and in writing that the statement was incorrect and no juror was excluded from deliberating and voting on the issue of damages. The trial court declined to give defendant’s proposed written instructions but did orally state to the jury that “all of you may participate in any discussion about awarding damages, if any at all, at any time. All of you may, you know, enter into that discussion.”

Defendant attached to its motion for new trial the sworn statements of three jurors that suggested that jurors who voted for defendant on liability had not been permitted to participate in damage deliberations. The record does not reflect that a hearing was held on the motion for new trial and it was denied by expiration of the time limits of Rule 78.06.

Defendant contends in its first point that the statement of counsel denied it a fundamental right to a fair trial by twelve jurors because several jurors were excluded from participating in jury deliberations on plaintiffs damage award. While defendant places much stress on the interpretation that counsel’s statement indicated that the three minority jurors could not participate in the “deliberations” on damages, that is not what counsel said. What he said was that those three “don’t participate in the decision to assess damages.” That statement is correct.

In Stacy v. Truman Medical Center, 836 S.W.2d 911 (Mo.banc 1992) the court stated:

The jury was properly instructed in accordance with MAI 2.04 that nine or more of the jurors had to agree in the verdict. This means that the same nine jurors must agree upon all of the elements necessary for a verdict for or against any particular party claiming damages_ If these jurors [those agreeing on liability] return a verdict in favor of the plaintiff, then those same nine jurors must also agree upon the amount of damages. [18].

Powell v. Norman Lines, Inc., 674 S.W.2d 191 (Mo.App.1984) held that the rule which the Stacy court subsequently applied is not applicable where the jury is required to return more than one verdict. There it was held that one group of nine jurors could find a party negligent, while another group of nine apportioned fault. Although there were two different verdicts here, the Powell exception does not apply. As to each count nine jurors were required to agree on both liability and damages. That could have been two different groups of nine on each count, but for each count the same nine had to agree on liability and damages.

We do not find that the statement of counsel indicated any thing other than that the same nine jurors must agree on liability and damages. The last sentence of the quot[13]*13ed argument so indicates. If there existed any ambiguity as to the meaning of “participate” it was clarified by the oral admonition or clarification given by the court that all jurors were entitled to participate in any discussion about awarding damages. Such an admonition need not be in writing. McDowell v. Schuette, 610 S.W.2d 29 (Mo.App.1980)[19]. We find no abuse of discretion in the court’s determination not to give a written instruction because it would unnecessarily highlight the matter. The defendant’s second point premised upon failure to give a written instruction is without merit, as is the first point based on the argument itself.

Defendant’s third point is that there was jury misconduct revealed by the sworn statements of the jurors attached to the motion for new trial. The firmly entrenched rule in Missouri is the Mansfield rule which is that a juror’s testimony or affidavit may not be used to impeach the verdict as to misconduct inside or outside the jury room whether before or after the jury is discharged. Stotts v. Meyer, 822 S.W.2d 887 (Mo.App.1991)[1]. Defendant seeks to invoke an exception to the rule that it does not apply where the opposing party permits the introduction of a juror’s statement or admission concerning jury misconduct without raising an objection. Stotts, supra at [4]. Plaintiff did not permit the introduction of the statements. They were attached to defendant’s motion for new trial. Plaintiff was under no obligation to make any response to that motion. The defendant did not seek to place the statements into evidence and no hearing was held on the motion for new trial. The statements were not self-proving.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Kurt D. Ellison v. O'Reilly Automotive Stores, Inc.
463 S.W.3d 426 (Missouri Court of Appeals, 2015)
Michael L. Mackey v. Steven B. Smith, M.D.
438 S.W.3d 465 (Missouri Court of Appeals, 2014)
Jones v. Kansas City Southern Railway Co.
245 S.W.3d 834 (Missouri Court of Appeals, 2007)
State ex rel. Boyer v. Perigo
979 S.W.2d 953 (Missouri Court of Appeals, 1998)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
930 S.W.2d 10, 1996 Mo. App. LEXIS 1247, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/kemp-v-burlington-northern-railroad-moctapp-1996.