RENDERED: MARCH 29, 2024; 10:00 A.M. NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
Commonwealth of Kentucky Court of Appeals NO. 2023-CA-0192-MR
KELLEY HEAVENER APPELLANT
APPEAL FROM JEFFERSON CIRCUIT COURT v. HONORABLE ANN BAILEY SMITH, JUDGE ACTION NO. 21-CI-002674
JOSEPH CARLISLE ROGERS; AMERICAN MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF KENTUCKY; AND JOHN NORBERT ROGERS APPELLEES
OPINION AND ORDER DISMISSING
** ** ** ** **
BEFORE: CALDWELL, CETRULO, AND JONES, JUDGES.
CALDWELL, JUDGE: Kelley Heavener filed an appeal from a summary
judgment granted in favor of John Norbert Rogers on her claims arising from a dog
attack. We dismiss the appeal as being from an interlocutory order. FACTS
Kelley Heavener and her dog were attacked by another dog (a pit bull)
while walking on Delor Avenue in Louisville. Heavener was physically injured.
And Heavener’s dog died from injuries suffered in the attack.
The pit bull was owned by Joseph Carlisle Rogers (“Joseph”). At that
time Joseph lived in a house on Delor Avenue owned by his brother, John Norbert
Rogers (“John”). John had insurance on the Delor Avenue home from American
Mutual Fire Insurance Company of Kentucky (hereinafter, “American Mutual”).
Heavener filed suit against Joseph and John in Jefferson Circuit Court
(“the trial court”). She asserted claims arising from the pit bull attack including
strict liability, negligence per se for violating local laws requiring owners to
control their pets, negligence, and intentional infliction of emotional distress.
John filed an answer to the complaint, but Joseph did not. Default
judgment was entered against Joseph with damages to be determined at another
hearing. American Mutual filed an intervening complaint against John, arguing
that coverage was excluded.
John filed a motion for summary judgment on Heavener’s claims,
arguing he was not liable for the pit bull attack under Kentucky law. American
Mutual also filed a motion for summary judgment, arguing coverage was excluded.
-2- Following briefing and a hearing, the trial court entered an order
granting summary judgment in John’s favor and dismissing the complaint against
him. The order noted it was not final and appealable since Joseph remained in the
action. A few days later, the trial court also entered an order dismissing American
Mutual’s intervening complaint as coverage issues were now moot due to the entry
of summary judgment in John’s favor.
Shortly thereafter, Heavener filed a motion to amend the summary
judgment granted in John’s favor to make it final and appealable. The trial court
granted this motion in a written order, stating that the summary judgment was
amended and made “final and appealable” as of the date of the order so that a
motion to alter, amend, or vacate could be filed within ten days. (Record on
Appeal, p. 758.)
Next, Heavener filed a motion to alter, amend, or vacate the summary
judgment granted in John’s favor. The trial court denied the motion to alter,
amend or vacate shortly before Heavener filed her appeal. The order denying the
motion to alter, amend, or vacate did not state that it was final or that there was no
just cause for delay.
To sum up, neither the original summary judgment granted in John’s
favor, the order amending the summary judgment order to supposedly make it final
-3- and appealable, nor the order denying the motion to alter, amend, or vacate stated
that there was no just reason for delay. See CR1 54.02(1).
CR 54.01 states: “A final or appealable judgment is a final order
adjudicating all the rights of all the parties in an action or proceeding, or a
judgment made final under Rule 54.02.” CR 54.02(1) states in pertinent part:
the court may grant a final judgment upon one or more but less than all of the claims or parties only upon a determination that there is no just reason for delay. The judgment shall recite such determination and shall recite that the judgment is final. In the absence of such recital, any order or other form of decision, however designated, which adjudicates less than all the claims or the rights and liabilities of less than all the parties shall not terminate the action as to any of the claims or parties, and the order or other form of decision is interlocutory and subject to revision at any time before the entry of judgment adjudicating all the claims and the rights and liabilities of all the parties.
(Emphasis added.)
The summary judgment granted in John’s favor did not resolve all the
rights of all the parties in the action. Specifically, it did not resolve Heavener’s
claims against Joseph. Admittedly, the trial court did resolve American Mutual’s
rights by a separate order dismissing the intervening complaint which was rendered
after the original summary judgment order and before the order amending the
summary judgment order. See CR 54.02(2). But the trial court had not adjudicated
1 Kentucky Rules of Civil Procedure.
-4- all of Heavener’s or Joseph’s rights in the action since damages remained to be
determined on Heavener’s claims against Joseph. So, no order entered in this case
fully adjudicated all the rights of all the parties in the action. See CR 54.01.
In addition to none of the trial court’s orders being inherently final
and appealable under CR 54.01 since they did not fully adjudicate all rights of all
parties in the action, none of the trial court’s orders adjudicating less than all the
rights of all parties stated both that the order was final and that there was no just
reason for delay. So, these orders were interlocutory and subject to revision
pursuant to CR 54.02(1).2
Perhaps it may seem hyper-technical and not in the interest of judicial
economy to dismiss an appeal from an order which a trial court expressly deems
final and appealable simply because there is no statement that there is no just cause
for delay. Nonetheless, binding precedent calls for dismissal of an appeal from an
order adjudicating less than all the rights of all the parties in an action when the
trial court has not determined there is no just reason for delay even when the trial
court has deemed its order final and appealable.
2 Nor does CR 54.02(2) apply here since there has been no judgment fully disposing of Heavener’s claims against Joseph as damages must still be determined. See CR 54.02(2) (“When the remaining claim or claims in a multiple claim action are disposed of by judgment, that judgment shall be deemed to readjudicate finally as of that date and in the same terms all prior interlocutory orders and judgments determining claims which are not specifically disposed of in such final judgment.”).
-5- For example, in Hale v. Deaton, 528 S.W.2d 719 (Ky. 1975), the trial
court entered an order denying a motion for modification of an underlying
judgment and stating: “The Judgment entered herein, and this Order are final and
appealable Orders and Judgment of the Court.” Id. at 721. The Kentucky court
dismissed the appeal because the underlying judgment did not adjudicate all rights
of all parties in the action and because the order denying modification did not state
there was no just cause for delay. The Kentucky court noted that both statements
that an order or judgment was final and that there was no just reason for delay were
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RENDERED: MARCH 29, 2024; 10:00 A.M. NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
Commonwealth of Kentucky Court of Appeals NO. 2023-CA-0192-MR
KELLEY HEAVENER APPELLANT
APPEAL FROM JEFFERSON CIRCUIT COURT v. HONORABLE ANN BAILEY SMITH, JUDGE ACTION NO. 21-CI-002674
JOSEPH CARLISLE ROGERS; AMERICAN MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF KENTUCKY; AND JOHN NORBERT ROGERS APPELLEES
OPINION AND ORDER DISMISSING
** ** ** ** **
BEFORE: CALDWELL, CETRULO, AND JONES, JUDGES.
CALDWELL, JUDGE: Kelley Heavener filed an appeal from a summary
judgment granted in favor of John Norbert Rogers on her claims arising from a dog
attack. We dismiss the appeal as being from an interlocutory order. FACTS
Kelley Heavener and her dog were attacked by another dog (a pit bull)
while walking on Delor Avenue in Louisville. Heavener was physically injured.
And Heavener’s dog died from injuries suffered in the attack.
The pit bull was owned by Joseph Carlisle Rogers (“Joseph”). At that
time Joseph lived in a house on Delor Avenue owned by his brother, John Norbert
Rogers (“John”). John had insurance on the Delor Avenue home from American
Mutual Fire Insurance Company of Kentucky (hereinafter, “American Mutual”).
Heavener filed suit against Joseph and John in Jefferson Circuit Court
(“the trial court”). She asserted claims arising from the pit bull attack including
strict liability, negligence per se for violating local laws requiring owners to
control their pets, negligence, and intentional infliction of emotional distress.
John filed an answer to the complaint, but Joseph did not. Default
judgment was entered against Joseph with damages to be determined at another
hearing. American Mutual filed an intervening complaint against John, arguing
that coverage was excluded.
John filed a motion for summary judgment on Heavener’s claims,
arguing he was not liable for the pit bull attack under Kentucky law. American
Mutual also filed a motion for summary judgment, arguing coverage was excluded.
-2- Following briefing and a hearing, the trial court entered an order
granting summary judgment in John’s favor and dismissing the complaint against
him. The order noted it was not final and appealable since Joseph remained in the
action. A few days later, the trial court also entered an order dismissing American
Mutual’s intervening complaint as coverage issues were now moot due to the entry
of summary judgment in John’s favor.
Shortly thereafter, Heavener filed a motion to amend the summary
judgment granted in John’s favor to make it final and appealable. The trial court
granted this motion in a written order, stating that the summary judgment was
amended and made “final and appealable” as of the date of the order so that a
motion to alter, amend, or vacate could be filed within ten days. (Record on
Appeal, p. 758.)
Next, Heavener filed a motion to alter, amend, or vacate the summary
judgment granted in John’s favor. The trial court denied the motion to alter,
amend or vacate shortly before Heavener filed her appeal. The order denying the
motion to alter, amend, or vacate did not state that it was final or that there was no
just cause for delay.
To sum up, neither the original summary judgment granted in John’s
favor, the order amending the summary judgment order to supposedly make it final
-3- and appealable, nor the order denying the motion to alter, amend, or vacate stated
that there was no just reason for delay. See CR1 54.02(1).
CR 54.01 states: “A final or appealable judgment is a final order
adjudicating all the rights of all the parties in an action or proceeding, or a
judgment made final under Rule 54.02.” CR 54.02(1) states in pertinent part:
the court may grant a final judgment upon one or more but less than all of the claims or parties only upon a determination that there is no just reason for delay. The judgment shall recite such determination and shall recite that the judgment is final. In the absence of such recital, any order or other form of decision, however designated, which adjudicates less than all the claims or the rights and liabilities of less than all the parties shall not terminate the action as to any of the claims or parties, and the order or other form of decision is interlocutory and subject to revision at any time before the entry of judgment adjudicating all the claims and the rights and liabilities of all the parties.
(Emphasis added.)
The summary judgment granted in John’s favor did not resolve all the
rights of all the parties in the action. Specifically, it did not resolve Heavener’s
claims against Joseph. Admittedly, the trial court did resolve American Mutual’s
rights by a separate order dismissing the intervening complaint which was rendered
after the original summary judgment order and before the order amending the
summary judgment order. See CR 54.02(2). But the trial court had not adjudicated
1 Kentucky Rules of Civil Procedure.
-4- all of Heavener’s or Joseph’s rights in the action since damages remained to be
determined on Heavener’s claims against Joseph. So, no order entered in this case
fully adjudicated all the rights of all the parties in the action. See CR 54.01.
In addition to none of the trial court’s orders being inherently final
and appealable under CR 54.01 since they did not fully adjudicate all rights of all
parties in the action, none of the trial court’s orders adjudicating less than all the
rights of all parties stated both that the order was final and that there was no just
reason for delay. So, these orders were interlocutory and subject to revision
pursuant to CR 54.02(1).2
Perhaps it may seem hyper-technical and not in the interest of judicial
economy to dismiss an appeal from an order which a trial court expressly deems
final and appealable simply because there is no statement that there is no just cause
for delay. Nonetheless, binding precedent calls for dismissal of an appeal from an
order adjudicating less than all the rights of all the parties in an action when the
trial court has not determined there is no just reason for delay even when the trial
court has deemed its order final and appealable.
2 Nor does CR 54.02(2) apply here since there has been no judgment fully disposing of Heavener’s claims against Joseph as damages must still be determined. See CR 54.02(2) (“When the remaining claim or claims in a multiple claim action are disposed of by judgment, that judgment shall be deemed to readjudicate finally as of that date and in the same terms all prior interlocutory orders and judgments determining claims which are not specifically disposed of in such final judgment.”).
-5- For example, in Hale v. Deaton, 528 S.W.2d 719 (Ky. 1975), the trial
court entered an order denying a motion for modification of an underlying
judgment and stating: “The Judgment entered herein, and this Order are final and
appealable Orders and Judgment of the Court.” Id. at 721. The Kentucky court
dismissed the appeal because the underlying judgment did not adjudicate all rights
of all parties in the action and because the order denying modification did not state
there was no just cause for delay. The Kentucky court noted that both statements
that an order or judgment was final and that there was no just reason for delay were
expressly required by CR 54.02(1) to permit an appeal from an order or judgment
not adjudicating all the rights of all the parties in the action. And it stated that
failure to make both required statements – of finality and of there being no just
reason for delay – was “fatal.” Id. at 722.
Kentucky precedent has long required strict compliance with CR
54.02 requirements to make an otherwise interlocutory order adjudicating less than
all the rights of all the parties in the action final and appealable. See Peters v.
Board of Ed. of Hardin Cnty., 378 S.W.2d 638, 639 (Ky. 1964). We must follow
such binding precedent from the Kentucky Supreme Court and its predecessor
court, SCR3 1.030(8)(a), despite any arguments that such a strict compliance
approach to CR 54.02 is hyper-technical or not in the interest of judicial economy.
3 Kentucky Supreme Court Rules.
-6- In short, we dismiss this appeal sua sponte because the appeal is from
an interlocutory order due to lack of strict compliance with CR 54.02 requirements
– specifically the lack of required “no just reason for delay” statement – and
because we lack jurisdiction over appeals from interlocutory orders. See Peters,
378 S.W.2d at 639-40 (dismissing appeal sua sponte as an appellate court may
properly raise issues about jurisdiction itself and would lack authority to decide an
appeal from an order which “failed to contain the recitals required by CR 54.02 so
as to invest this Court with jurisdiction over the appeal”).
CONCLUSION
WHEREFORE, the above-styled appeal shall be, and hereby is,
DISMISSED for failure to appeal from a final and appealable order.
ALL CONCUR.
ENTERED: _March 29, 2024___ JUDGE, COURT OF APPEALS
BRIEF FOR APPELLANT: BRIEF FOR APPELLEE JOHN NORBERT ROGERS: Nolia G. Batey Louisville, Kentucky Gregory L. Smith Louisville, Kentucky
-7-